Factory Building Research Articles

Energy efficient heating and ventilation of a factory hall by monitoring the indoor air climate

Background Different usage scenarios and design guidelines were considered when planning a factory building and its ventilation system. Accordingly, it often makes sense to analyze the actual operating conditions again during subsequent operations in order to optimally adapt the air supply to the respective conditions in terms of demand-responsive ventilation. The aim is to ensure good indoor air quality and thermal comfort while significantly reducing energy consumption. Methods For this purpose, in addition to the sensors in the building management system, approximately 120 wireless sensors were installed in the occupied areas to measure the air temperature, operating temperature, humidity, and CO2. In this way the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature, humidity, and CO2 in the hall were visualized and evaluated to reduce the volume flows of the ventilation systems. The recorded data and findings were used to optimize ventilation systems by gaining a deeper understanding of indoor air flow. Results As part of the investigation, a considerable reduction in the air volume flows and thus the required energy consumption of the air handling units was achieved while maintaining the same thermal comfort. It was shown that the temperature field and indoor air quality were not negatively affected by the change in the air volume flow over a wide range. Conclusions This was made possible by the well-designed ventilation system, which achieves a low-pulse, slightly stratified indoor airflow, and a structural envelope with very good thermal insulation.

Revitalization of urban industrial heritage from a perspective of spatial production theory: the case study of “Old market” project

ABSTRACT The renewal of urban industrial heritage brings many benefits, meanwhile facing challenges, and there is a lack of in-depth and specific case study analysis. Based on spatial production theory, this paper takes an iconic project as an example to explore its construction process and reveal the spatial and social changes it triggers. This case study investigates the changes in physical and social spaces resulting from the shift in the subjects of spatial production. By analyzing document data, spatial data, and field data, the following key findings and conclusions are obtained: 1) Capital led the regeneration process, transformed decaying factory buildings into consumer space, and activated the economic vitality of the area. 2) The construction of the physical space changed the spatial layout, structure and function that attracted the creative community and young visitors, changing daily lives of the space users. 3) However, the neglect of industrial culture and participation of nearby residents are obvious challenges. The results indicate that using spatial production as a theoretical analysis framework helps us fully understand the challenges faced in the renewal of urban industrial heritage projects. This study can provide a reference for small-scale urban heritage renewal projects, facilitating accurate decision-making.

Transportation pollution and the air quality impact on pharmaceutical factory buildings

The rapid expansion of transportation networks has significantly contributed to economic growth but also led to pervasive air pollution. It impacts the environment, public health and pharmaceutical factory buildings (PFBs), where drugs are manufactured. This study aims to inform future research and policy development for mitigating transportation-related air pollution on PFBs and public health. To promote sustainable urban mobility by synthesizing current knowledge and identified gaps. This paper reviewed literature on transportation emissions, focusing on pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), and greenhouse gases (GHGs). The study evaluates existing policies and technological solutions, including emission standards, electric vehicles (EVs), and sustainable biofuels, while highlighting challenges in implementation and effectiveness across different regions. It examines the sources, health effects, and environmental impacts globally, emphasizing the role of road vehicles as major contributors in Ogun State, Nigeria. Recommendations include enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting technological innovations, implementing low-emission zones for public transportation, supporting sustainable urban planning, raising public awareness, and fostering international collaboration in Nigeria.

Integrating restoration and interactive exploration to enhance cultural heritage through VR storytelling

Redtory was transformed from an old industrial site into a creative park in Guangzhou. Unfortunately, it was demolished in May 2019. It holds a dual significance, representing both Guangzhou’s old industrial era and its first creative park (Art and Design). The objective of this study was to utilize Virtual Reality (VR) technologies to design an immersive environment with a narrative experience and restore the historical memory of Redtory. The project designs the interactive storytelling tour based on Bartle’s taxonomy theory. The VR project includes four primary scenes to tell the Redtory’s story: Starting Scene, Factory Buildings, Historical Square, and Creative Corridor. The study designs various interactive elements to engage tourists during exploration. The study conducted user tests to evaluate the system. A comparative experiment (N = 40) is conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the VR platform. The results indicate that the platform provides a smooth storytelling experience during the virtual tour with minimal bugs or disruptions. The project provides valuable user data and a design flow as a case study reference to contribute to the field of VR historical education.

Analysis of Floor Work Design in Ceramic Factory Building Expansion Project PT, Surya Multi Cemerlang

The development of science and technology must be followed by an increase in the quality of quality Human Resources (HR), who think and act practically and efficiently. It is expected that quality Human Resources (HR) can be born from Universities in Indonesia. Surabaya State University is one of the institutions for the study and development of science, which plays a role in preparing professional workers. Not only equipping students with theoretical knowledge alone, but also equipped with practicums and internship activities as a means of training and skills for various fields according to the majors of each student. Internship Work Practice aims for students to be able to distinguish between the theory obtained in the lecture hall and field work practice, and to be able to think critically, logically, conceptually and applicatively as well as professionally in their fields. In this case, in the Building Engineering Education Study Program, Internship Work Practice is one of the requirements to complete the semester VI courses which are carried out for approximately 4 months in the field, namely the implementation starting from February 14, 2024 to June 14, 2024. To meet these requirements, the author and several fellow students conducted an Internship Work Practice . This Internship Work Practice activity was carried out at the PT Surya Multi Cemerlang ceramic factory, precisely at Jl. Raya Semambung No.296, Semambung-Wonoayu, Sidoarjo with PT Bangun Karya Perkasa Jaya Tbk as the Implementing Contractor. In connection with the many types of work on the Ceramic Factory Building Expansion Project (PT. Surya Multi Cemerlang) in Wonoayu, Sidoarjo, the types of work reviewed are limited to reviewing only the main activities, namely Floor Plate Work. One of the important structural elements in this project is the Floor Plate. As a structural element that functions as a place to support human and object loads, the Floor Plate is very influential in the planning and implementation of building construction. In its planning and implementation, the Floor Plate is designed as well and optimally as possible so as not to cause discomfort or danger. Improper planning and implementation of Floor Plate construction can cause cracks in one piece, which can affect the quality and durability of the floor plate. There are several students who review the implementation of other structural work from several areas being worked on by PT Bangun Karya Perkasa Jaya, such as reviewing the implementation of pile work, reviewing the implementation of Machine Foundation work, and reviewing the implementation of Wall work. Therefore, in the practical work that has been carried out, the author decided to analyze the method of "implementing Floor Plate work in the construction of a ceramic factory" in the field for writing the practical work report.

Ambient Vibration Test and Retest of a Multistory Factory Building

Ambient Vibration Test and Retest of a Multistory Factory Building

Green flexible production and intelligent factory building structure design based on improved ant colony algorithm

Traditional factory production has limitations such as energy waste, emission pollution, etc., and there are also certain unreasonable structural aspects. Therefore, this article proposes a method that can make the factory building structure more green, flexible, and intelligent. It is hoped that by improving the ant colony algorithm and applying it to factory design and production, the goal of reducing energy consumption, maximizing resource utilization, and reducing environmental impact can be achieved. Transforming the design problem of factory building structure into an optimization problem using ant colony algorithm, that is, finding the optimal path and layout. In this process, the ant colony algorithm simulates the behavior of ants by continuously iterating and updating the concentration of pheromones, in order to achieve the global optimal solution. In order to achieve the combination of green design principles and flexible production needs, corresponding constraint conditions and objective functions were introduced, taking into account the flexibility and adjustability within the factory to meet different production needs. Ant colony algorithm can provide the best structural design solution for factory buildings by optimizing search, combining green design principles and flexible production requirements, and promoting the development of green and sustainable factory buildings.

Exploring the Potential of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Urban Renewal Efficiency

As Chinese cities transition into a stage of stock development, the revitalization of industrial areas becomes increasingly crucial, serving as a pivotal factor in urban renewal. The renovation of old factory buildings is in full swing, and architects often rely on matured experience to produce several profile renovation schemes for selection during the renovation process. However, when dealing with a large number of factories, this task can consume a significant amount of manpower. In the era of maturing machine learning, this study, set against the backdrop of the renovation of old factory buildings in an industrial district, explores the potential application of deep learning technology in improving the efficiency of factory renovation. We establish a factory renovation profile generation model based on the generative adversarial networks (GANs), learning and generating design features for the renovation of factory building profiles. To ensure a balance between feasibility and creativity in the generated designs, this study employs various transformation techniques on each original profile image during dataset construction, creating mappings between the original profile images and various potential renovation schemes. Additionally, data augmentation techniques are applied to expand the dataset, and the trained models are validated and analyzed on the test set. This study demonstrates the significant potential of the GANs in factory renovation profile design, providing designers with richer reference solutions.

142 GHz Sub-Terahertz Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Characterization in Factory Buildings

142 GHz Sub-Terahertz Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Characterization in Factory Buildings

Spatial Configuration of Factory Buildings

Spatial Configuration of Factory Buildings

Engineering Economy Studies on the Development and Production of Yoghurt using Indigenous Starter Culture

In this paper, the economic viability of the production of yoghurt using indigenous starter culture is determined. Based on an output of 180 x 103 litres/year, the yield of the product, the quantities and costs of raw materials, centrifuge and incubator, were estimated at 100% capacity utilization (CU). The costs of land acquisition and factory building were obtained from contractors. The labour cost was also estimated for 60 staff members. The selling price of ₦120/litre of a similar product was adopted. Annual worth (AW), and present worth (PW) were calculated and used to establish the profitability of the products. The results showed that the proposed plant would produce 180 x 103 thousand litres of the yoghurt at full CU. The PW and AW showed that the product was economically viable with PW and AW greater than zero at 100% CU. At 100%, all the profitability indices for the product were positive. In conclusion, the production of yoghurt using indigenous starter culture is technologically and economically viable.

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al0.6CoFeNi2V0.5 High Entropy Alloy

Al0.6CoFeNi2V0.5 high entropy alloy was successfully designed and prepared via the nonconsumable arc-melting process, and it was annealed at 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C for 4 h. Its microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The as-cast alloy consisted of FCC and BCC phases, and no phase transformation occurred during annealing at 600 °C. Hard Al3V-type metal compounds precipitated during annealing at 800 °C, and BCC particles precipitated in the FCC matrix during annealing at 1000 °C. After annealing, the strength and hardness of Al0.6CoFeNi2V0.5 high-entropy alloy both showed a decreasing trend, because the annealing process eliminated the internal stress in this alloy. However, as the annealing temperature increased, the strength and hardness of the Al0.6CoFeNi2V0.5 high-entropy alloy samples gradually increased. This is because the hard Al3V metal compounds precipitated when the annealing temperature was 800 °C, which produced the “second phase strengthening” effect. At 1000 °C, the larger volume fraction of the hard and fine BCC phase (21.81%) diffusely precipitated; the precipitation of this BCC phase not only produced a “second phase strengthening” effect, which also resulted in “solid solution strengthening”, ultimately exhibiting enhanced hardness and strength. These findings have important theoretical reference value for the study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys. And, this study plays a significant role in promoting the research and development of new component materials that bear compressive loads, such as columns in large factory buildings, supports for cranes, and clamping bolts for rolling mills in practical mechanical engineering.

Regulatory or market pressures: What promotes environmental grandstanding in Bangladesh?

Many factors affect the adoption of the mandatory technology of effluent treatment plants for pollution management in Bangladesh. Some of these factors could also affect the adoption of voluntary environmental standards. Therefore, it is important to identify and analyze the importance of these key factors, considering their role in enhancing environmental performance in crucial industries for the country's economy. In this study, a literature review preceded an analysis of factors through structural equation modelling to investigate how attributes of the regulatory agency combine with market aspects to influence environmental practices such as the adoption of mandatory ETP and voluntary certifications. Using official quarterly data, the results of this study show that access to green finance and the number of employees of the regulatory agency significantly affect the adoption of additional ETPs. On the other hand, the size of fines for pollution does not significantly affect the adoption of ETPs. It was also found that green finance and additional ETP adoption also increased the adoption of green factory buildings, which is a voluntary exercise. This study sheds light on the underlying relationships that can guide ongoing multilateral interventions to enhance capacity of regulatory agencies to implement environmental regulations. It also provides new evidence to formulate relevant strategies for enhancing environmental performance by scaling up green finance.

Modeling and Analyzing the Strategy Game “Factorio” Using Modular Petri Nets and the General-Purpose Petri Net Simulator

The video game Factorio is a popular real-time strategy game that hosts a variety of gameplay scenarios analogous to real-world problems such as factory building, pipeline optimization, and conveyor belt logistics. It also considers environmental costs such as pollution and energy consumption. This game focuses on automation and resource management within the context of creating and maintaining factories. Players are challenged to design efficient factories, automate production, control energy consumption, and balance resource utilization, all while defending against environmental challenges such as pollution and hostile enemies. Factorio is a complex software; however, studies have demonstrated its ability to enhance student satisfaction when integrated as an educational module at the university level. This paper aims to utilize the power of Petri Net theory and the practical tool GPenSIM to model and simulate several Factorio pipelines and score them against one another, exploring which pipeline configuration is optimal. The primary objective is to make a mathematical model (Petri Net) to better understand the game’s complex mechanisms, identify bottlenecks within the system, and explore opportunities for optimization within the network of modules. The insights gained from this paper may find practical applications in real-world scenarios.

Conservation Design of Industrial Heritage based on Nonlinear GA Optimization Algorithm and Three-dimensional Reconstructioneconstruction

In order to understand the industrial heritage protection design of Iterative reconstruction, the author proposes a research on industrial heritage protection design based on GA optimization algorithm and Iterative reconstruction. Firstly, the author establishes the 3D model of industrial heritage through Iterative reconstruction, and optimizes the model parameters through GA algorithm to achieve the purpose of protecting and utilizing industrial heritage. Secondly, the author proposes a method of Iterative reconstruction of industrial heritage based on GA algorithm, uses this method to conduct Iterative reconstruction of industrial heritage, and imports the reconstructed model into the 3D model management system for management. This method solves the problem of high reconstruction cost caused by low model quality in traditional Iterative reconstruction, and makes industrial heritage protection design more practical. Finally, an experimental analysis was conducted using a factory building in a certain city as an example. The results showed that the model optimized using the GA algorithm had significantly better performance than traditional reconstruction methods, and could more accurately reflect the spatial form and structural characteristics of industrial heritage, this provided new ideas and methods for the subsequent protection and utilization of industrial heritage. The GA algorithm optimized 3D model established by the author can effectively evaluate industrial heritage in historical urban areas, not only revealing the value of industrial heritage better, but also providing a certain reference for similar work in the future.

Local Instability and Deformation Control of Steel Roof of Factory Building in a Smart City

Abstract The traditional control methods of instability and deformation of steel structure neglect the analysis of its natural vibration characteristics, which lead to the poor effect of hysteretic vibration of steel structure nodes, and the stability optimization of steel structure is not ideal. Therefore, a new method to control the local instability and deformation of the steel roof is proposed. According to the steel structure composition of the upper door rigid frame and the connection mode of the frame beam and column, the roof steel structure characteristics of the workshop are analyzed. Multi-order natural frequency method is used to obtain the cumulative modal mass contribution rate of steel structure and analyze the natural vibration characteristics of steel structure. Based on the characteristics of natural vibration and element transfer matrix, the local instability control method of roof steel structure is designed. Simulation of strong vibration, using space analysis of tall-building with wall-elements (SATWE) software analysis of strong vibration under elastic load state, to obtain the external deformation of steel structure, under simulation of vibration deformation control model. Taking a chemical plant as an example, a finite element model was established to simulate the vibration wave, and the numerical simulation results of plastic deformation resistance of steel structure were analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the stability of steel structure and reduce its deformation degree.

Air Termination Of Lightning Protection For The Buildings Which Containing Solid Flammable Materials

Damage to facilities and equipment in a building is mostly caused by lightning strikes so the installation of lightning rods is necessary to improve the protection of a building or building as a whole, both for the common good and for the government, so that various equipment and production activities that use various flammable materials (in the form of ) solid, liquid and gas) inside and around the building can be properly protected. Of the several existing lightning protection systems (LPS), this study uses a conventional type (franklin rod) as a LPS in factory buildings. From the results of this study, it can be stated that level IV protection of LPS is needed and multiply the number of lightning protection rods where a minimum of 4 rods for 1 building roof

Research on Efficiency of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Adaptive Algorithm of Fuzzy Control

In today’s world, energy is undoubtedly one of the most significant problems. As the global electricity consumption continues to increase, electric motors, which are widely used as power devices, account for an increasingly prominent proportion of the energy consumed. Motors now consume about 45% of the total electricity in the world (60% in China); therefore, improving motor efficiency has become an important way to achieve carbon emission reduction and sustainable development. The aim of this research was to devise a new strategy to reduce CO2 emissions other than by building green power factories, because even the building of green power factories produces a great deal of CO2 emissions, and improving motor efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions could contribute to sustainable development worldwide. However, the improvement of motor efficiency encounters challenges, such as nonlinearity and disturbances, which affect the motor performance and energy efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes a control algorithm for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) that is highly efficient and would be most widely used based on a fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor. It aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the online parameter estimation for the PMSM flux linkage, thereby achieving more precise and energy-efficient motor control. Firstly, the recursive least-squares parameter estimation algorithm is used to identify the parameters of the PMSM. This ensures that the parameter estimation values can be dynamically updated with data changes, adapting to the time-varying parameters. Secondly, the Padé approximation method is adopted, which is a method that does not depend on the motor hardware, to improve the accuracy of the linearized model of the motor. Finally, a control algorithm based on the fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor algorithm is constructed on a physical experimental platform. A comparison of these results proves that the control technology under this algorithm provides a new energy-saving control strategy that can estimate the motor flux linkage parameters more accurately, help to reduce energy consumption, promote the use of clean energy, and achieve sustainable performance optimization.

Improving homology-directed repair by small molecule agents for genetic engineering in unconventional yeast?-Learning from the engineering of mammalian systems.

The ability to precisely edit genomes by deleting or adding genetic information enables the study of biological functions and the building of efficient cell factories. In many unconventional yeasts, such as those promising new hosts for cell factory design but also human pathogenic yeasts and food spoilers, this progress has been limited by the fact that most yeasts favour non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) over homologous recombination (HR) as a DNA repair mechanism, impairing genetic access to these hosts. In mammalian cells, small molecules that either inhibit proteins involved in NHEJ, enhance protein function in HR, or arrest the cell cycle in HR-dominant phases are regarded as promising agents for the simple and transient increase of HR-mediated genome editing without the need for a priori host engineering. Only a few of these chemicals have been applied to the engineering of yeast, although the targeted proteins are mostly conserved, making chemical agents a yet-underexplored area for enhancing yeast engineering. Here, we consolidate knowledge of the available small molecules that have been used to improve HR efficiency in mammalian cells and the few ones that have been used in yeast. We include available high-throughput-compatible NHEJ/HR quantification assays that could be used to screen for and isolate yeast-specific inhibitors.

Polynary energy harvesting and multi-parameter sensing in the heatwave environment of industrial factory buildings by an integrated triboelectric-thermoelectric hybrid generator.

Taking advantage of a hybrid generator to simultaneously collect polynary energy from a single energy source provides a feasible solution for the energy dilemma in the new era. Herein, we integrate a triboelectric nanogenerator and a thermoelectric generator for polynary energy harvesting and self-powered sensing of heatwaves in large-scale industrial factory buildings, which contains both thermal energy and wind energy. The new design of the fan-shaped rotation triboelectric nanogenerator (FR-TENG) makes it more compact and easily integrated. After structure modeling, the energy conversion efficiency of the FR-TENG can reach a maximum of 37.2%, which can successfully power a Bluetooth hygrothermograph transmitting environmental information wirelessly every 30 s at a wind speed of 4.67 m s-1. An all-inorganic flexible thermoelectric generator (iThEG) is developed based on copper and constantan with an output power density of 0.73 W m-3, and maintains its original mechanical properties after 10 000 bending tests. Moreover, a self-powered hot wind sensing system based on Labview is established which can display wind-speed and wind-temperature in real time. The working concept presented here is also applicable to other single energy sources containing multiple energy forms, such as falling raindrops and sunlight, which can lift energy utilization and conversion efficiency and alleviate the energy crisis.