Building Energy Efficiency In China Research Articles

Research on Online Virtual Energy-Saving and Environment-Friendly Building Design and Implementation Based on VRML

In order to change the status quo of lacking holistic and intuitive research on building energy efficiency in China, an online virtual energy-saving and environment-friendly building system based on VRML was proposed. The two subsystems of virtual simulation technology, “virtual reality” and “energy consumption simulation,” were integrated and applied to the design research of building energy efficiency. On the basis of inheriting the advantages of the traditional way, the independent application mode of the two was changed. The application analysis was carried out using a real energy-saving demonstration project as the research object. The experimental results showed that the energy-saving rate of the enclosure structure of the three buildings was 35.742%, 30.408%, and 35.696%, respectively. It was concluded that the system provided a more systematic and intuitive method to the design and research of building energy efficiency.

Energy consumption model and energy benchmarks of five-star hotels in China

The establishment of energy benchmarks is an important project for promoting the development of building energy efficiency in China. This research focuses on the establishment of energy consumption model and energy benchmarks of five-star hotels in China. Building information and energy-related data collected from 310 five-star hotels based on a survey is treated as the sample data for developing the hotel energy model using a designer simulation tool (DeST). Instead of giving single value benchmarks, energy use intensity (EUI) intervals of five-star hotels in different climate zones of China are obtained by taking the most advantageous and disadvantageous operation conditions of hotels into consideration. The simulation results show that the EUI intervals of five-star hotels in the cold zone, hot summer/cold winter zone and hot summer/warm winter zone are respectively 100–155, 140–245 and 136–213 kWh/(m2·a), which indicates that there are 54%, 13% and 27% of hotels’ energy consumption in these climate zones higher than the upper limits of EUI intervals. The reasons why such a considerable number of hotels’ energy consumptions are so large are analyzed. Then several energy-efficient upgrades including building envelop retrofit, internal and external lighting replacement and HVAC upgrades could be further identified based on the energy consumption model proposed in this study.

Analysing the problems of building energy efficiency in China, and resolution method exploration, experimentation.

Analysing the problems of building energy efficiency in China, and resolution method exploration, experimentation.

Measures to enforce mandatory civil building energy efficiency codes in China

Mandatory civil building energy efficiency codes strictly govern the energy consumption of new buildings in China. As the promotion of building energy efficiency in China has increased in recent years, compliance with mandatory civil building energy efficiency codes has also improved, increasing from less than 10% in 2000 to nearly 100% in 2012, a remarkable achievement. However, because the promotion of energy efficiency strategies in China has followed a unique pattern, some researchers doubt these statistics. In response to these doubts, this paper summarises and analyses the framework of measures implemented by the Chinese government to enforce mandatory building energy efficiency codes. First, the development and implementation of China's mandatory civil building energy efficiency code system is summarised. Second, the building supervision and inspection systems used to assess energy efficiency are introduced and analysed in detail in order to provide a framework for the development of energy policies in other countries. Third, the assessment and reporting processes used to determine compliance rates are reviewed. Finally, the improvement of compliance rates and its impact on building energy savings in China are discussed. Along with the increase in compliance rates in the construction stage from 71% in 2007 to 100% in 2012, the energy savings of new buildings per increased floor area per year increased from 20.4 kWh/m2 to 28.4 kWh/m2. The supervision and inspection systems reported in this paper are the keys to enforcing building energy efficiency codes.

Overview of rural building energy efficiency in China

Over the past three decades, people׳s living standard in China has been greatly improved, accompanied by the rapid increasing building energy consumption. Rural building energy consumption has become one of the most important parts of the total energy consumption in China, which deserves to be paid much attention. It is of vital importance to promote building energy efficiency for the New Socialist Countryside and energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper provides an overview of building energy consumption in the countryside, which figures out the situation and challenges in energy-saving work. The government has worked for years on rural building code system aimed at narrowing the energy gap between urban areas, but it is in the beginning phase. This paper has analyzed the only special issues about rural building energy efficiency and the mandatory standards for urban buildings, which can facilitate the development of rural building energy efficiency. Based on the above analysis, some recommendations regarding the improvement of rural building energy efficiency are given.

Barriers' and policies' analysis of China's building energy efficiency

With the rapid economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards, China's building energy consumption has kept rising during the past 15 years. Under the effort of the Chinese government and the society, China's building energy efficiency has made certain achievements. However, the implementation of building energy efficiency in China is still far from its potential. Based on the analysis of the existing policies implemented in China, the article concluded that the most essential and the most effective ways to promote building energy efficiency is the government's involvement as well as economic and financial incentives. In addition, the main barriers in the process of promoting building energy efficiency in China are identified in six aspects. It has been found that the legal system and administrative issues constitute major barriers, and the lack of financial incentives and the mismatching of market mechanism also hamper the promotion of building energy efficiency. Finally, in view of the existing policies and barriers analysis, three corresponding policy proposals are presented.

Research of the Building Energy Efficiency Data Analysis Based on Time Series Algorithm in Anhui Province, China

Nowadays the researches of building energy efficiency mainly focus on the development of the related technologies and management measures, but the regional policy EIA have a greater impact on the development of building energy efficiency in China. In this paper, the statistical data combined with the actual situation of building energy efficiency during the period of the Eleventh-Five-Year in Anhui Province, China. Use exponential smoothing method of time series algorithm for forecast and analysis of building energy consumption and energy saving in Anhui Province. First, take six different values as the exponential smoothing constants, the predictive values are calculated under the different exponential smoothing constants. Then compare and analyze the curves through the errors between the predictive values and the actual values, and determine the group of the curves of which the trend closest to the trend of actual values. For the actual data are affected by many kinds of factors that exist fluctuations, the method for predictive values correction was put forward. Using the trend extrapolation, the predictive values is corrected. Also provides theoretical guidance for the future work in Anhui Province and other similar places.

A review of building energy efficiency in China during “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period

With the increasing building energy consumption, the improvement of building energy efficiency (BEE) becomes a key part of the reduction of energy intensity in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period (during 2006 and 2010) in China. For this reason, the China central government has enforced and implemented a series of policies to promote BEE. Based on the analysis of main characteristics of BEE development in China and developmental routes of BEE, this paper systematically explored six fiscal incentive policies. Meanwhile, four specific programs involving new building, existing residential building, government office building and large-scale public building, and applications of renewable energy in building were investigated. Besides, the key factors of BEE development and BEE developmental stages were analyzed. The research revealed the present progress of implementation on BEE policies, and identified the drawbacks of the present BEE mechanism. Moreover, four proposals were recommended to enhance the development of BEE in the next “Five-Year Plan” period.

Energy consumption quota of four and five star luxury hotel buildings in Hainan province, China

The establishment of energy consumption quota is an important project for promoting the development of building energy efficiency in China. This research focused on the establishment of energy consumption quota of four and five star luxury hotels in Hainan Province, one of the international traveling destinations. Firstly, the theoretical analysis of energy consumption quota included data acquisition, normalization of energy use index and the statistical analysis methods for the calculation of the energy consumption quota. Subsequently, detailed information of 19 hotels plus general energy consumption data of 54 hotels was treated as the sample data for calculating energy consumption quota. According to correlation analysis, energy consumption per unit area was identified to be the most suitable index to represent the energy consumption level, and was combined with the energy consumption normalized by degree-day method to obtain the normalized energy use index (EUI norm). Also, the energy consumption quota interval of four and five star luxury hotel buildings in Hainan in the initial implementation stage was identified as 69.23–96.75 kWh/m 2 in accordance with comparison of the results calculated by statistical methods. Finally, proposals were put forward about the implementation of building energy consumption quota.

Building Energy-Efficiency Running Mode of Large-Scale Public Building: Based on Energy Performance Contracting

Energy performance contracting plays a key role in improving the building energy-efficiency in China. This paper introduces the current situation of energy-efficiency of large-scale public building in China and provides an overview of energy performance contracting, and then puts forward an innovative energy-efficiency running mode. This paper tries to offer theoretical references for the development of EMC in energy-saving field of large-scale public buildings.

Market expectations and policy deficiencies in the promotion of building energy efficiency in China

PurposeFuture energy consumption in China's building sector will have a considerable influence on both China and the world's energy markets. Although the Chinese government has set out a series of policies to promote building energy efficiency (BEE), the BEE market share remains small. The paper aims to identify the key policy deficiencies that affect such promotion.Design/methodology/approachBased on the defined roles played by the government, this paper traces the path that China's BEE policies have taken since the 1980s and highlights the key problems. To understand how the Chinese government's BEE policies meet the expectations of market stakeholders, the paper employs data from a questionnaire of building design professionals in the country's major cities to identify the most favourable factors for and existing hurdles to the promotion of the BEE market.FindingsThe Chinese government needs to exert greater effort towards overcoming the deficiencies in its roles as policy maker, fiscal hub and advocate. At this stage, China would benefit more from legal and government intervention than from heavy reliance on voluntary schemes for BEE promotion.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that both the government and industry need to become better informed of the conditions required to attract market parties towards the promotion of BEE. This study also identifies the main concerns involved, thus providing a strong foundation for further study in this arena.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the mismatch between market expectations and government policies aimed at BEE promotion in China. It fills the knowledge gap between market stakeholders and government for future policy design concerning BEE promotion.

The Current Situation and Problems in China's Building Energy Efficiency

China consumes more and more energy as its economy expands rapidly. Industry, transportation, commercial and residential buildings are the top three energy-consuming sectors. Specifically, China's commercial and residential buildings contribute about a third to its total energy consumption. Therefore, building energy efficiency (BEE) has been attracting increasingly more attention from the Chinese government and Chinese people. This paper presents an overview of the evolution and current situation of BEE in China, summarizes its major problems, and offers suggestions to boost its development.