Application In Building Design Research Articles

Study of Global Horizontal and Vertical Solar Irradiance Components Under Different Sky Conditions for Sustainable Building Design In Bali Of Indonesia

The study of global and vertical solar irradiance components under different sky conditions is very important for building design applications. This research has been carried out by analyzing the components of solar radiation based on global horizontal irradiance (GHI) data, and global vertical irradiance for east, west, north, and south oriented. Observational data was acquired for one year starting from July 2022 to June 2023 in Jembrana-Bali of Indonesia. The solar radiation component has been analyzed based on sub-diurnal (daytime) and annual patterns. The clearness index (Kt) was calculated based on the ratio of extra-terrestrial solar radiation to global solar radiation measured at the surface. Sun-path analysis was carried out by considering the relationship of the zenith angle, azimuth angle, and the intensity of each solar radiation component to changes in time. The results show that in all-sky conditions, the average monthly maximum global horizontal irradiance occurs in January at 432.4 W/m², while the minimum monthly average global horizontal irradiance occurs in July at 327.9 W/m². The clearness index statistic shows that the hourly average ranges from 0.12 to 0.68 with an average of 0.47. Based on sun-path analysis, east, north, and west orientations receive more solar radiation in the Jembrana-Bali area. The findings from the study provide important information for architects, engineers, and policymakers that can be used for sustainable building design and building energy planning.

Green building design application based on convolutional network and VR system

Green building design application based on convolutional network and VR system

Prototyping of 4D-printed self-shaping building skin in architecture: Design, fabrication, and investigation of a two-way shape memory composite (TWSMC) façade panel

The article seeks to demonstrate the potential architectural utility of reversible 4D-printed material for flexible climate adaptation of building. This work presents the engineered design, fabrication, and performative effectiveness of a responsive façade morphing with the use of thermo-responsive shape-memory composites (SMCs). Load-free bidirectional motion of an SMC is configured by combining programmed shape-memory alloy (SMA) fibers and 3D-printed shape-memory polymer (SMP) matrix. Different thermomechanical properties were tested and applied to make building shape change possible according to the variation of outside temperature. For design experiments, the SMC models were fabricated and deployed over the exterior surface of a test building scale model. To help architectural communities better understand responsive material phenomena for building design application, the self-shaping material performance was modeled and evaluated through digital simulation, using theoretical constitutive equations and physical observation of the test building model. The findings reveal merits and opportunities of the smart material use and 4D-printed adaptive architecture, as well as several limitations in current technology and material development for building applications.

Sistema de Información Geográfica tipológico para el conocimiento y la conservación del patrimonio construido: un caso de estudio en el sur de Italia

Un SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica) tipológico, es un sistema diseñado para almacenar, analizar, gestionar y visualizar
 datos geo-referenciados sobre el entorno construido. Permite consultas interactivas para explorar las relaciones espaciales entre
 edificios mejorarando el conocimiento del patrimonio construido a diferentes escalas. Realizando un análisis espacio-tipológico, es
 posible extraer información de los edificios existentes sobre las tipologías más utilizadas a diferentes niveles, desde la escala urbana hasta el detalle constructivo. Este conocimiento, podría servir de apoyo para un correcto diseño en los proyectos de renovación urbana destinados a mantener inalterado el carácter de la zona considerada y preservar su valor cultural e histórico. Este trabajo presenta la primera fase de implementación del SIG tipológico de un centro histórico situado al norte de Nápoles, y muestra algunos ejemplos de posibles consultas del SIG para la investigación tipológica del entorno construido a diferentes niveles de detalle.

Implementation and fine-tuning of the Big Bang-Big Crunch optimisation method for use in passive building design

Passive building design involves consideration of a number of design variables which can be optimised with respect to some design objective. The use of optimisation methods in building design is well established but the implementation of the Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm to passive building design is still as yet unexplored in detail. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of the method as well as to fine-tune its characteristic parameters for its efficient use in building design applications. Two building design scenarios are used to have more than one test case and the number of design variables are limited to an extent that an enumeration search can be performed in a reasonable time frame from which the optimum can be precisely established. The Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm is used and validated against the true solution from the enumeration search. Results show that the α and β parameters should be set to 0 and around 0.8 respectively. The ratio of the sample size to the number of design variables should ideally be between 2.6 and 2.9 for the algorithm to remain efficient and at the same time successful. The paper also discusses the computational efficiency gain of the Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm compared to a full enumeration search. Computational savings of more than 90% are possible.

Temperature-Color Interaction: Subjective Indoor Environmental Perception and Physiological Responses in Virtual Reality.

Temperature-color interaction effects on subjective perception and physiological responses are investigated using a novel hybrid experimental method combining thermal and visual stimuli from real and virtual reality (VR) environments, respectively. Despite potential building design applications, studies combining temperature with daylight transmitted through colored glazing are limited due to hard-to-control light conditions. VR is identified as a promising experimental tool for such investigations that overcomes the limitations of experiments using daylight. Fifty-seven people participated in an experiment combining three colored glazing (orange/blue/neutral) and two temperatures (24°C/29°C). Exposed to one color-temperature combination, participants evaluated their thermal, visual, and overall perception, whereas their physiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance, and skin temperature) were continuously measured. Daylight color significantly affected thermal perception, whereas no significant effects of temperature on visual perception were found. Acceptability of the workspace was affected by both color and temperature. Cross-modal effects from either daylight color or temperature levels on physiological responses were not observed. In the VR setting, the orange daylight led to warmer thermal perception in (close-to-) comfortable temperatures, resulting in a color-induced thermal perception and indicating that orange glazing should be used with caution in a slightly warm environment. Findings can be applied to the design of buildings using new glazing technologies with saturated colors, such as transparent photovoltaics. Despite some limitations, the hybrid environment is suggested as a promising experimental tool for future studies on indoor factor interactions.

Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis in a Glazed Room Modeled as a Square Cavity

ABSTRACTA numerical study of conjugate heat transfer by turbulent natural convection in a room with three different glazed configurations is presented. The room is modeled as a square closed cavity, where the lower wall is adiabatic, the right wall is semitransparent, and the upper and left walls are opaque conductive surfaces. Governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy were solved by the finite volume method with a two equation turbulence model. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, heatlines, turbulent viscosity isolines, and thermal parameters, such as indoor temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. From the three cases considered in this study, the reflective glass window was the optimal configuration from the thermal comfort point of view for both design days. On the contrary, the glass-film configuration showed the worst indoor thermal performance inside the cavity despite of being the configuration that allows lower energy transferred into the room through the glazed surface. A set of useful heat transfer correlations are obtained for building design applications and energy codes in temperate climates.

Design of optimal building envelopes with integrated photovoltaics

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) receives growing attentions due to both architectural and engineering favorability. Large commercial building envelopes present a great potential of utilizing solar radiation, especially in climate zones with rich solar resources. Most current studies have been focused on predicting and optimizing power generation of BIPV on designed envelope systems, which leaves limited room for performance improvement of BIPV. This study introduces a framework of an optimization method that formulates the best building envelope shapes and the most matching BIPV systems. A set of criteria are established to determine the best alternatives of envelope variations, upon which the power generation and economic impact of different BIPV systems are evaluated and compared. The proposed optimization process was demonstrated using a general commercial building design application in Egypt. The developed tool can help designers in achieving an optimized building envelope that is most suitable for PV integration.

A methodology for 3-D multiphysics CFD simulation of air leakage in building envelopes

Air leaks into a building through various openings and cracks in the building envelope. This leakage affects indoor air quality, human comfort and, primarily, building energy consumption. Several experimental studies have estimated this energy impact to exceed 40% of the heating and cooling costs in buildings. Current methods for evaluating air leakage range from simple air change methods to multizone coupled methods. These vary between being overly simplified to complex sets of equations that utilize hard-to-obtain, often assumed, factors and coefficients. Some CFD simulations have also been attempted. They only consider a small portion of 2-D wall sections with a single predefined air flow path. A modeling methodology is developed in this work that represents a roadmap for performing full 3-D envelope multiphysics hygrothermal simulations for air leakage in buildings. The methodology realistically depicts the various cracks common in an envelope in terms of shape, location, and quantity. It also accounts for the true multiphysics nature of the problem and for various hourly weather variables. The higher accuracy expected with this methodology allows for a more accurate calculation of air leakage heat loading necessary for an efficient building energy design, and for various green and sustainable building design applications.

An empirical approach to estimating monthly radiation on south-facing tilted planes for building application

This paper offers an empirical approach for estimating monthly solar radiation on south-facing tilted planes with inclinations from 0° to 90° for building solar energy application. By measurement and the modification of previous estimated irradiation data, which have not yet been verified, the regression equations of monthly slope irradiation ratio with no ground reflection were established. The equations were validated by measurement in Taipei with correlation factor R 2 = 0.9 6 4 8 , and were compared with previous measurement using the Lin-estimate method. The estimated ratios of Taipei were compared with those of other cities in Taiwan. Results obtained from validation of simplified regression equations are good and practicable for building design application. Inputting the monthly the horizontal irradiation to the equations in the simplified estimative model, the monthly ratio and irradiation on the south-facing slopes can be calculated. Using the proposed calculation mechanism with local irradiation on horizontal and south-facing vertical planes to build the equations, this estimative method can also be used to conduct the local monthly irradiation on south-tilted planes for solar energy applications in other areas.

Case-based design: A review and analysis of building design applications

AbstractThis paper presents a review of CBD and its application to building design in particular. Case-based design is the application of case-based reasoning to the design process. Design maps well to case-based reasoning because designers use parts of previous design solutions in developing new design solutions. This paper identifies problems of case representation, retrieval, adaptation, presentation, and case-based maintenance along with creativity, legal, and ethical issues that need to be addressed by CBD systems. It provides a comprehensive review of CBD systems developed for building design and provides a detailed comparison of the CBD systems reviewed.

Automating Building Design Process with KBES

The building design process represents such a highly complex activity that only restricted and well‐structured tasks have been successfully computerized until now. The process is still largely characterized by the contribution of numerous diverse disciplines in a loosely organized manner and by suboptimal design solutions. This paper examines the characteristics of engineering design and, in particular, the building design process in an attempt to identify the most important features to implement in a realistic computer‐based design system. Knowledge‐based expert systems (KBES) are found to be suitable for automating the design process even though the majority of development tools available on the market are still too restricted for realistic building design applications. One such prototype application is described, applicable to the preliminary design of building envelope systems.