Building Construction Process Research Articles

Implementation of an Automated Code Checking Algorithm Based on Site Analysis

To date, BIM has been primarily utilized in cost and schedule management, an interference check between architectural and structural models and systems based on geometric data in the process of the construction life cycle. However, there is a lack of research that utilizes the information contained in the BIM model to review whether the proposed architectural model is appropriately designed in accordance with each country’s building regulations or building codes or that proposes a model optimized for laws and standards. ‘Building code checking’ is the step of reviewing whether a building designed based on the building codes is suitable for being constructed as a building. However, this process consumes significant time and money and leads to human errors due to the manual review process. This study included implementation of an algorithm based on the Korean building code. In this study, there was the process of selection of codes when architects interpret building codes in common and implementation based on the codes selected. Next, modeling based on DXF files from NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) was applied to the algorithm developed in this study. Last, it includes case studies that compare the outputs of the algorithm with the real buildings, which had received real code checking, to make sure the algorithm in this paper is working properly. The implementation of such an automated system has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the building design and construction process. It can help architects to quickly and accurately identify potential legal issues and provide alternative solutions that meet regulatory requirements. This, in turn, can lead to reduced project costs, improved quality of designs, and faster project delivery times.

Study on the Benefits of the Implementation of Green Building Rating in Malaysia

A green building is a sustainable design incorporating environmentally friendly practices in its construction and management. The objective of green building development is to reduce the negative impact of buildings on the environment by mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. Several countries worldwide, including Malaysia have established rating tools under the World Green Building Council to measure sustainability for various types of development. The goal is to encourage all nations to promote green building and replace conventional methods that harm the environment. In Malaysia, two of the most commonly used assessment tools for green building are GBI and GreenRE. The Malaysian government has implemented various policies to manage the construction process of green buildings, such as the National Green Technology Policy, Green Performance Assessment System, and the establishment of Green Technology Master Plan for managing green operations. However, green building projects in Malaysia are still in the formative stage, indicating that the construction industry in Malaysia is still in its infancy with regard to sustainable development. This study aims to investigate the perceived benefits of implementing Green Building Rating Tools in Malaysia. Specific factors that enable company readiness to adopt rating tools include benefits to occupants, facility management, and environmental sustainability. The research methodology used in this study was quantitative, employing a questionnaire survey with 140 respondents. The findings indicate that Facility Management and Environmental Sustainability are significantly related to Company's Readiness to adopt Green Building Rating. It is crucial for policymakers to provide incentives to project teams (developers, consultants, and contractors) to increase awareness about green construction and its implementation.

Centrifugal modeling on influence of superstructure construction of high-rise building on adjacent subway tunnel

With the urban development in China, high-rise buildings must be constructed adjacent to subway tunnels. The superstructure construction process directly affects adjacent tunnels. However, only a few studies have focused on this topic. In this study, a series of centrifugal model tests were conducted to investigate the impact of the superstructure construction process of high-rise buildings on the deformation of adjacent tunnels in soft soil. Three model tests were designed, considering the buried depth of the tunnel. A loading system was implemented to simulate the superstructure construction process with a centrifugal acceleration of 100 g. The results showed that the superstructure construction caused the adjacent tunnel to deform vertically and laterally owing to its downward dragging effect. The vertical deformation of the tunnel was approximately thrice the lateral displacement. As the buried depth increased, the superstructure construction changed the transverse deformation of the tunnel section from vertical to horizontal tension. The outcomes of the study will provide guidelines for the safe operation of subways.

Integration of Building Information Modeling and Stormwater Runoff Modeling: Enhancing Design Tools for Nature-Based Solutions in Sustainable Landscapes

Building information modeling (BIM) has been used by the architectural and engineering disciplines to streamline the building design, construction, and management process, but there has been much more limited experience in extending the application to landscape design and implementation. This study integrated BIM software (Autodesk InfraWorks 2024.1) with a dynamic, process-oriented, conceptual hydrologic/hydraulic model (PCSWMM 2023, version 7.6.3665) to enhance the analytical tools for sustainable landscape design. We illustrate the model integration through a case study that links an existing nature-based solution (NbS) development, the PTT Metro Forest Park, Bangkok, Thailand, with theoretical new-build NbS for an adjacent property. A BIM school building was virtually situated on an empty lot beside the Metro Forest Park and seven NbS scenarios were run with design storms having 2-year, 5-year, and 100-year return intervals. The combination of a rain garden, permeable pavement, a retention pond, and a green roof was effective in sustainably managing runoff from the theoretical new-build site discharging to the Metro Forest. NbS design characteristics such as rain garden substrate depth and green roof area were optimized using the hydrologic/hydraulic model. Model results showed that even with the 100-year rainfall event, the existing Metro Forest pond storage capacity was sufficient so that flooding on the property would not occur. The consideration of connectivity between NbS features is facilitated by the modeling approach, which is important for NbS planning and assessment at a regional scale.

A Brief Discussion on Technical Points in the Restoration of an Ancient Building in Lanzhou City

With the change and development of The Times, the existing buildings are gradually aging and damaged, coupled with external objective factors and human factors, many building structures are seriously damaged or difficult to maintain the original architectural style. This paper will adopt Revit modeling and combine the principles of ancient building restoration and protection, take the restoration project of Tianqi Temple in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City as an example, analyze the damage of ancient buildings, discuss the reasons for the damage, focus on the analysis of ancient building restoration technology, simulate the construction process of ancient buildings, and provide reference for the future restoration and protection measures of ancient buildings.

Coupling and Quantifying Sustainability and Resilience in Intelligent Buildings

Over recent years, the sustainability and resilience concept has increased its significance in the construction industry. Sustainability is associated with implementing best practices in the construction industry, while resilience is the adaptability and tolerance of systems in harsh conditions. The concepts are learned in the construction process. Moreover, building automation is growing rapidly, and buildings are becoming increasingly dependent on complex systems and technology and susceptible to unanticipated failure. Though sustainability and resilience concepts are interlinked, limited research quantifies their combination, resulting in a limited comprehension of how both concepts interact during application by developers in a smart building. Therefore, this study has established a financial model that employs Net Present Value (NPV) in studying the inference and clampdown of investment in both concepts. NPV was estimated using indirect and direct costs and benefits derived from the continuous integration of sustainability and resilience in a smart building. To quantify sustainability, its three components had to be quantified. Reduced energy expenditure and government environmental incentives were used to calculate the environmental component. Workers’ cost savings, fire insurance cost savings, and additional system maintenance costs were used to calculate the economic component. The social component of sustainability measured hard-to-quantify attributes like productivity, indoor environment quality, reputation, extra profit, services, and safety. To quantify them, a survey and RII method were used. The two concepts were then coupled by estimating the benefits and costs of installing and keeping resilience tools in design that are sustainable in the smart building and the impact study on the NPV outcome. Application of the design model was also carried out on four smart buildings that were selected in Dubai. The result indicated that coupling sustainable approaches and resilience yields higher NPV by at least 22%. Nevertheless, for NPV to be maintained positively and reduce the cost of failure, faulty detection tools should be assimilated while designing sustainable and smart buildings. The findings of this study will contribute to the benefit of other researchers, developers, investors, managers, engineers, and anyone who is involved in the design or construction process of intelligent buildings.

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION

The construction industry is one of the largest exploiters of both renewable and non- renewable natural resources. It was inevitable that it would find itself at the centre of concerns regarding environmental impact. The process and operation of building construction consumes a great deal of materials throughout its service life cycle. The selection and use of sustainable building materials play an important role in the design and construction of green building. This chapter sets out to present an overview of sustainable building materials and their impacts on the environment. Materials used for the structure of buildings require properties of strength, whereas other parts, such as the envelope, are selected for their insulation or aesthetic properties. Comparisons become more complex when materials perform more than one function such as load-bearing walls that provide good thermal insulation. There is also a need to distinguish between finite resources and renewable resources when reviewing the sustainability of a material. Some materials, despite being non-renewable may be considered plentiful on earth; however, the consequences and impacts of mining them may be considered unacceptable. The effect of construction material selection will impact upon sustainability throughout the lifetime of both the material and that of the building itself. The need to maintain the building, replacing individual components, disposing of the old, and procuring the new will have environmental impact from cradle to grave. Keywords: Sustainable material, concrete, maintain, selection, renewable resource

LogTODIM framework for MAGDM with neutrosophic sets: Energy conservation and emission reduction case

The significant acceleration of China’s urbanization process has greatly promoted economic development. At the same time, the massive construction of urban buildings has also caused many problems such as environmental pollution and increased energy consumption. Therefore, in architectural design, it is particularly important to pay attention to the sustainable development of the environment, handle the relationship between good people and nature under the guidance of the concept of green development, and focus on the recycling of resources. Focusing on resource utilization in architectural design and based on certain planning can better control the construction process of urban buildings, save energy consumption, reduce construction costs, and contribute to the green development of cities. The comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects is a classical MAGDM problems. Recently, the Logarithmic TODIM (LogTODIM) method has been employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are used as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects. In this paper, the single-valued neutrosophic number Logarithmic TODIM (SVNN-LogTODIM) method is built to solve the MAGDM under SVNSs. In the end, a numerical case study for comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects is given to validate the proposed method.

Investigation of Vibration Characteristics during Various Building Construction Stages under Train Operations

In response to land use challenges, major urban centers have started implementing over-track building constructions above metro lines as a means of accommodating residents and workers. However, the continuous operation of trains can generate excessive vibrations that may negatively impact the overall living conditions for occupants residing in these structures. In this paper, vibration measurements were conducted on the soil and within a three-story frame structure building. Additionally, a three-dimensional finite element model of the track–soil–building was established. The wheel–rail contact force was incorporated as a dynamic load that varies with time to accurately simulate the vibration response induced by trains. According to the construction process of the over-track building, four construction stages were set up using the finite element model to study the impact of the construction stages on the vibration propagation from the soil to building structure. The results indicate that the presence of existing structures exerts a mitigating influence on soil vibrations. Pile foundation construction can effectively mitigate soil vibration to a significant extent. The findings provide references for the future development and design of over-track buildings.

A Computer Aided Wiring Scheme for Intelligent Building

To optimize the construction process of intelligent building, a new idea of computer-aided design of generic cabling system is proposed. In this paper, the design principle of generic cabling based on Auto CAD is studied. We expound the optimization theory of hierarchical star topology, and discuss the specific method to realize the shortest total length of the network. Then the overall process of computer-aided routing for intelligent buildings is provided, and the routing distribution algorithm of structured routing is also optimized. In the empirical analysis, it is tested by construction cases and the results show that this method can select the best scheme in the possible wiring route from the building group wiring subsystem. The building group wiring room to each building equipment room is optimized, which greatly improves the design efficiency of engineers and technicians and shortens the design cycle.

Pengaruh Clash Detection Pada Proses Perencanaan Biaya Pada Laboratorium PUT

One effort to avoid repetitive work due to errors in construction project planning can be detected from the start by implementing BIM (Building Information Modeling) which can carry out collision analysis (Clash detection) in each discipline of structural work, architecture, MEP and other disciplines. Before the existence of BIM, clashes that occurred in the building construction process were one of the factors causing work costs to increase. So implementing Building Information Modeling is one effort to avoid these problems. In this research, clash detection analysis will be carried out in the PUT Lab building in the structural, architectural and MEP work disciplines. The stages carried out in this research were first carrying out 3D Modeling using Autodesk Revit software on the PUT Lab building, then carrying out clash detection analysis using Autodesk Naviswork software and calculating the cost budget plan for each job affected by clash detection. After carrying out clash detection, clashes can be found that occur in the structural, architectural and MEP work disciplines which after calculating the budget plan can save work costs of up to 80 million rupiah.

Digital twin modeling method based on IFC standards for building construction processes

Intelligent construction is a necessary way to improve the traditional construction method, and digital twin can be a crucial technology to promote intelligent construction. However, the construction field currently needs a unified method to build a standardized and universally applicable digital twin model, which is incredibly challenging in construction. Therefore, this paper proposes a general method to construct a digital twin construction process model based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard, aiming to realize real-time monitoring, control, and visualization management of the construction site. The method constructs a digital twin fusion model from three levels: geometric model, resource model, and behavioral model by establishing an IFC semantic model of the construction process, storing the fusion model data and the construction site data into a database, and completing the dynamic interaction of the twin data in the database. At the same time, the digital twin platform is developed to realize the visualization and control of the construction site. Combined with practical cases and analysis, the implementation effect of the method is shown and verified. The results show that the method can adapt itself to different scenarios on the construction site, which is conducive to promoting application of the digital twin in the field of construction and provides a reference to the research of practicing digital twin theory and practice.

Digital twinning of building construction processes. Case study: A reinforced concrete cast-in structure

This paper summarizes the findings obtained during the development of information pipelines between a construction site and its corresponding digital twin. The case study is the construction of an office building in which independent information pipelines can track different aspects of the construction process and the aggregate result can assist managers in decision making in the form of a vaster entity: its digital twin. The digital twin prototype is designed as a recipient of information that mirror its physical building and its systems. The paper contributes with a real case in which these pipelines enable continuous monitoring and analysis of various basic parameters during construction. With a varied array of sensors installed, data was collected, organized and transmitted through a knowledge graph-based system to the digital twin dashboard. A dashboard is able to allocate many sources of data (from sensors, images or point clouds) but also, it helps visualizing data analysis that could help making informed decisions about the building during construction. The paper emphasizes the varied nature of data in construction sites as well as the importance of proper data channeling to enable multi-purpose, effective decision-making using the digital twin. Overall, the paper provides a real life insight that challenges massive implementation of digital twins within the existing construction sites for an office building. It also highlights its potential to improve productivity, resource efficiency, health and safety in construction environments. For this purpose, faced bottlenecks and challenges require refinements, more development and further research.

Construction Site Hazard Identification and Worker Adverse Reaction Monitoring Using Electroencephalograms: A Review

The construction process is a dynamic one, and the complexity of the working conditions and the high level of uncertainty make the construction industry the third most dangerous industry after mining and agriculture. And since the construction industry is vital to the development of a country, safety during construction is of particular importance. A great deal of research, studies and practices have been conducted to reduce potential risks and improve worker efficiency during the construction process. In recent years, with the rapid development of cognitive neuroscience and the integration of medical technology, various wearable monitoring devices have been widely used in the field of building construction for real-time monitoring of workers’ physical and mental conditions. Among them, the application of EEG (electroencephalogram) in the building construction process enables researchers to gain insight into the physical and mental state of construction workers while performing construction tasks. This paper introduces EEG technology and portable EEG monitoring equipment and summarizes its application in monitoring workers’ adverse reactions (emotion, fatigue, psychological burden, and vigilance) and construction hazard identification during the process of construction in recent years, which provides future EEG research in the field of building construction and construction site safety management.

Model Establishment and Detailed Design of Prefabricated Construction Using GSRevit

At present, the construction industry is changing the traditional architectural design mode and construction method, in order to ensure the quality of the project, save resources and reduce costs while building green buildings, energy saving and emission reduction. As a result, assembly building is becoming the mainstream of the current development of the construction industry. This paper takes an assembly residential building as an object to conduct an example study, discusses the assembly building construction process and its difficulties, and the results are favorable to provide reference for assembly building construction and related construction difficulties.

Технологии информационного моделирования для обеспечения производственной безопасности и снижения уровня травматизма в строительстве

Abstract. The construction industry has one of the highest levels of occupational injuries. Despite the fact that most of the incidents occur due to systematic violations of occupational health and safety, many of them could have been prevented by assessing the risks of such traumatic situations at the design stage. Given the multifactorial nature of the building construction process, it is impossible to solve the problem without the use of information modeling technologies — to fundamentally reduce the risk of industrial injuries in the construction industry at the design stage. Currently, BIM technologies have become the most widespread. However, the proposed software solutions do not always include blocks for assessing the consequences of work from the point of view of safety, taking into account occupational injuries when making certain design decisions. This article discusses the issues of occupational safety at construction sites, conducted a statistical analysis of occupational injuries in the construction industry and developed recommendations for the use of modern information modeling technologies to increase the level of personnel protection and assess the risks of traumatic situations at the stages of construction of buildings.

Application of BIM technology on the design and construction of prefabricated buildings

As the population and urbanization have continued to grow all over the world, the construction industry demands more efficient, and greener ways of building. In recent years, prefabricated buildings have attracted widespread attention as a new construction method. BIM technology is a crucial element in the realm of digital architectural design and construction. Its implementation can effectively enhance the support and optimization of the prefabricated building's design and construction process. This paper aims to explore the application of BIM technology in the design and construction stages of prefabricated buildings. Firstly, the utilization of BIM technology in prefabricated building design is expounded from three aspects of digital model construction, architectural collaborative design and architectural design optimization. Then, the implementation of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction is analyzed with regard to three aspects: development of construction plans, on-site management, and quality control. Subsequently, the application of BIM technology in the design of high-rise prefabricated buildings and the construction of prefabricated buildings is introduced in detail through case studies. The results show that the application of BIM technology can improve the design efficiency and construction quality of prefabricated buildings, and has a good application prospect.

A case study of quality control application with BIM-laser scanning collaboration in building construction process

Housing accounts for the largest share of the volume of the construction sector. Housing is the living space that people use on a permanent or temporary basis. Living space is also expected to have the desired quality. Quality requires construction in accordance with specified conditions and rules. In order to minimize possible errors in the design and construction process and to achieve the desired level of quality, continuous, scientific and instrumental controls are required. In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, methods have been developed that have achieved good results using integrated technology, which has begun to replace the quality controls performed by traditional methods. This new technology partnership called Building Information Modelling and Laser Scanning is described in this study. The aim of the study is to show that human error in building inspection can be minimized with the help of technology. In the study, a building was selected from a sample public housing project. Two dimensional projects of the building were converted into three dimensions using Building Information Modelling. In the current state of construction, point clouds were captured using laser scanning. The point clouds were converted to three dimensions. The construction defects were calculated by overlaying the BIM model with the real point cloud data. After checking, it was found that 2.2 % of the productions were defective productions. It was found that 97.8 % of the productions were within acceptable tolerance limits. The results obtained on a sample residential building demonstrate the importance of these new solutions for quality control and error-free production

Dust dispersion patterns during building construction processes: A multi-process simulation study

Dust, an inevitable by-product of the building construction process, poses significant hazards to both the residential environment and the health of construction workers. This study investigates the dispersion pattern of dust during core construction operations such as cutting, grinding, and drilling inside the building. A residential construction project on Chaoyang West Road in Huangdao District served as a model, and Ansys Fluent simulation software was used to predict dust transportation from multiple sources under varying wind directions and speeds. The results reveal that dust dispersion is most pronounced in the southeast wind direction, with concentration levels ranging from 9 to 15 mg/m3 and dispersion time extending up to 40 s. This finding indicates that the southeast wind direction significantly influences dust dispersion within the building structure. Examination of dust dispersion under different wind conditions shows that dust concentration at different heights in an open environment decreases markedly with increasing height. An in-depth analysis of the concentration curves at different heights and wind speeds within the primary pollution area, where the southeast wind is dominant, shows fluctuations in dust concentration at three heights under wind speeds of 5 m/s and 15 m/s; the dust concentration at these heights under a wind speed of 10 m/s exhibited a more pronounced downward trend. Compared with similar simulations studying construction dust dispersion, this study analyses the dust dispersion patterns in a variety of environments and accurately restores the transport patterns of dust from construction sites. The dust dispersion patterns deduced from the simulation provide crucial theoretical insights for effective dust management in the construction industry.

Research on Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction in the Construction Industry under the "Dual Carbon" Goal

This article focuses on the issue of building carbon emissions reduction in Jiangsu Province. Based on the building energy balance equation and the mathematical model of air conditioning work, weighted evaluation and principal component analysis methods are used to evaluate the energy efficiency of buildings, and the carbon emissions of the entire construction process in Jiangsu Province in 2023 are predicted. To achieve the "dual carbon" strategic goal, it is recommended that Jiangsu Province pay attention to the use of green and environmentally friendly materials and equipment in the design and construction process of low-carbon buildings, strengthen energy management and monitoring, encourage the use of renewable energy, improve building energy efficiency, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. At the same time, the government should increase financial subsidies to support innovation in environmental protection technology and the development of low-carbon industries, promote the formation of a good atmosphere for society to participate in low-carbon energy conservation, and thus promote the sustainable development of the construction industry in Jiangsu Province.