Building Committee Research Articles

Juraj Neidhardt’s early work

The article covers the early work of Juraj Neidhardt (Zagreb, 1901-Sarajevo, 1979) and the architectural themes he introduced. Aside from the large-scale urban projects Neidhardt worked on at the time, the Archiepiscopal Boys´ Seminary–integrated into its landscape and determined by its ambience–remains his only built design in the interwar period. And that was before his departure for Europe to work in the studios of Peter Behrens in Berlin and Le Corbusier in Paris.In 1925, the Construction Committee defined a detailed program for the metropolitan seminary; Neidhardt made sketches on his initiative under the guidance of Jože Plečnik and, in close cooperation with the Building Committee, designed and supervised the construction until 1928.Neidhardt established himself as a significant large-scale creator very early on. As part of the seminary, he designed an ensemble that can only be experienced by gradual observation and movement. The tension of the compositional axis is achieved by the dominant tower of the observatory (the only echo of Mendelsohn in Croatian architecture) on one side and the chapel on the other. The meander composition he applied–the spatial principle of overflowing space into space–will become one of the leading principles in urban planning.As a testimony of the ambivalence of the architecture of the 1920s–large buildings in a bold monumental stripped classical form, showing traces of expressionism–the seminary is often overlooked by urban architectural knowledge. Its survival was put to the test when the earthquake that hit Zagreb in 2020, left it with the red mark (extensive damage), making this an opportunity, through the method of cross-reading and analysis, to take another closer look to understand the dynamics of change and innovation in terms of urban development and individual architectural practice.

First modified Delphi consensus statement on robotic-assisted da Vinci sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedure. Technical considerations related to the performance of SG are well established and reported in the literature but not in relation to robotic-assisted (RA) SG. We report the results of the first modified Delphi consensus-building exercise addressing technical considerations of RA da Vinci (dV) SG. ObjectivesDevelop best practices for the performance of robotic-assisted da Vinci sleeve gastrectomy. SettingSurvey based consensus statement. MethodsA consensus building committee (CBC) was created comprising 10 experts in the field of RA surgery and MBS based on strict selection criteria. The CBC developed 49 consensus statements which were then shared with 240 experts in RA surgery. Our stopping criterion was stability in responses (≤15%). The consensus cut point was 70%. ResultsThe overall response rate was 49%. In the first round of voting, there was consensus agreement on 25 statements (51%), consensus disagreement on 14 (28%), and no consensus on the remaining statements (21%). In the second round of voting, we reached agreement on 3 additional statements. Experts recommended the use of the number of pauses generated by the stapler to guide choice of staple height (91.2%) and to upsize the staple height when using buttressing (92%). There was also consensus (81.4%) that the use of the closed staple height of 1.00 mm (white) is acceptable and that stapling of the antrum using a 1.5-mm staple (blue load) is also acceptable (73%). ConclusionsCollective expert opinion structured through a modified Delphi consensus statement presents a practical guide for surgeons interested in performing dV-SG.

Wave Energy Converters Hold Key to Using Renewables for Subsea Power

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 210910, “Innovative Industry Lead Project for Renewables for Subsea Power,” by Ian R. Crossland, SPE, Mocean Energy; Paul Slorach, Verlume; and Andrea Caio, Mocean Energy, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ The levels of power required to operate an offshore oil and gas field with 100% renewable energy are such that even offshore wind is unlikely to cost-effectively provide the levels of uptime needed to maintain reliable production without some form of energy storage. Providing a combination of technologies to maintain a balanced renewable energy supply system is key. In the complete paper, the authors focus on the use of wave energy converters (WECs), in combination with energy storage, to deliver benefits when powering offshore assets in situ, especially when continuous power requirements are in the 10–100 kW range. Introduction In 2020, a UK industry collaborative project, Renewables for Subsea Power (RSP), was launched and co-funded by the Net Zero Technology Centre. RSP is a phased demonstration project involving three technology developers (Mocean Energy, Verlume, and Modus), a first-tier international services company (Baker Hughes), and a major North Sea operator (Harbour Energy). Given the focus on ramping up the energy transition, in 2022 another major North Sea operator (Serica Energy) and an autonomous resident vehicle supplier (Transmark Subsea), who replaced Modus, also joined the project as part of the final phase (Phase 3) of activities. RSP aims to develop a complete, fully integrated system for the provision of the following: - Low-carbon remote power and communications using a WEC as the effective power source - A subsea energy-storage system for power conditioning - Smooth and uninterruptable power delivery to subsea production control systems - Residential underwater vehicles for a variety of monitoring or maintenance activities Throughout the three phases of RSP, project partners will design, build, and test all elements of the combined system. Phase 1 consisted of a front-end engineering design (FEED) successfully completed in 2021. Phase 2 involved the building and onshore commissioning of various subsystems. Phase 3 is planned to culminate in offshore full-system deployment and trials during 2023. Benefits of Wave Energy At a macro level, ocean waves are a highly abundant source of energy. Technically extractable wave energy resources amounted to 5–23% of 2017 global electricity demand, for instance, and approximately seven times that of available tidal resources worldwide. With approximately 40% of the world’s population inhabiting coastal regions, waves also provide a relatively local source of power for many coastal communities and densely populated areas. As well as being energy-dense and abundant, wave resource is predictable, often days in advance compared with solar and wind. In addition, its daily and seasonal complementarity with other renewables is crucial to achieving a more-balanced grid.

Tobacco smoke incursion into private residences in Israel: a cross-sectional study examining public perceptions of private rights and support for governmental policies

BackgroundTobacco smoke incursion (TSI) into private residences is a widespread problem in many countries. We sought to assess the prevalence of self-reported TSI and public attitudes about TSI in Israel, a country with a relatively high smoking prevalence and high population density.MethodsWe conducted a random digit dial survey among residents in Israel (N = 285) in 2017, which examined the frequency, source, correlates of, and attitudes towards TSI and potential regulatory options. The cooperation rate was 63.9%.ResultsAmong respondents, 44.7% reported ever experiencing home TSI, with higher exposure among residents of multi-unit housing (MUH) (MUH versus private homes: aOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio): 3.60, CI (Confidence Interval): [1.96, 6.58], p < .001). Most respondents (69.8%), including nearly half of smokers, prioritized the right of individuals to breath smoke-free air in their apartments over the right of smokers to smoke in their apartments. Women and non-smokers were more likely to support the right to breathe smoke-free air (Women versus men: aOR: 2.77 CI: [1.48, 5.16], p = .001; Nonsmokers versus smokers: aOR: 3.21 CI [1.59, 6.48], p = .001). However, only about a quarter (24.8%) of respondents who ever experienced TSI raised the issue with the neighbor who smoked, the neighbor's landlord, or the building committee. The vast majority (85.2%) of all respondents, including three-quarters of smokers, supported smoke-free legislation for multi-unit housing (MUH), with those ever-exposed to TSI and non-smokers more likely to support legislation (ever-exposed versus never-exposed aOR = 2.99, CI [1.28, 6.97], p = 0.011; nonsmokers versus smokers aOR = 3.00, CI [1.28, 7.01], p = 0.011).ConclusionsAmong study participants, tobacco smoke incursion was a common, yet unwelcome experience. Most respondents believed that the right to breathe smoke-free air in one's apartment superseded that of neighbors to smoke anywhere in their home, and most supported legislation to prevent TSI. Though further study is needed to understand better TSI and effective methods for its prevention, our findings suggest that policy interventions, including legal action at the level of the Supreme Court and/or the Knesset, are needed. Regulation, policy initiatives and campaigns to denormalize smoking in proximity to other people and private residences globally could reduce the scope of this widespread problem, protect individuals from home TSI, and improve population health.

Let’s Talk About Building Community

In the ALISE 2020 Strategic Planning Survey, members were asked about their participation in ALISE Special Interest Groups (SIG). The survey results highlighted some important challenges, as approximately two-thirds of membership reported not being actively involved in SIGs, citing a lack of awareness of SIGs as an impediment to participation (Hirsh 2020). The Community Building Committee was created with the goal of addressing these challenges with SIG participation as a means to strengthen the overall ALISE community. Thus far, the Community Building Committee has hosted virtual listening sessions with SIG conveners to better understand current challenges. At ALISE 2022, we propose to host an interactive poster inviting all ALISE members to contribute thoughts, suggestions, and ideas that might engage members as part of our community within the organization and across the information professions. The poster will feature prompts to foster discussion around the theme of community building, but the body of the poster will be largely blank, as ALISE members will be invited to add their own thoughts with markers and post-it notes, as well as to respond to previous responses. For much of the Works in Progress session, a member of the ALISE Community Building Committee will attend the poster to engage participants in direct discussion about the questions posed on the poster.

Dentistry and Embroidery in 1890s Utah: The Work of Kate D. Barron Buck

Dentistry and Embroidery in 1890s Utah: The Work of Kate D. Barron Buck

생태 사상에서 본 소우 후지모토의 건축 특성에 관한 연구

In the 21st century, the ecological crisis has become a problem that cannot be left unattended any longer, and it is necessary to present and implement solutions in terms of science, technology, industry, and systems from the academic, industrial, national, and global perspectives. In the field of architecture, the concept of ecological architecture was proposed in Germany in the 1970s. In the 1990s, Japan established Symbiotic Housing. The American Architects Association (AIA) established the Environment Committee in 1989 and the Green Building Committee in 1993, starting the Energy and Environmental Design Program in 1998. In this study, researchers will examine the principles and concepts of architectural composition in terms of ecological ideas, and examine the orientation points not only in terms of overcoming the ecological crisis of the artificial environment but also in terms of emotion. By analyzing 33 design concepts and 34 housing cases presented by Fujimoto architects based on social ecological classification, researchers will grasp the ecological meaning of primitive future, weak architecture, and natural motifs. In this study, social ecology and Fujimoto architecture are considered relatively in life philosophy, and since the 1990s, environmentally friendly architecture has been developed numerically and technically while emphasizing sustainability as eco-friendly. However, further research was conducted, considering the importance of ecological perspectives in a more fundamental, fundamental and conceptual way. Therefore, it is thought that the ecological crisis can seek sustainability in terms of numerical and technological aspects.

Regional cooperation and statistical capacity development: Successes, challenges and next steps

Regional Cooperation and Capacity Development was the sixth discussion platform topic of the Statistical Journal of the International Association of Official Statistics. Contributors shared many reflections on cooperation and capacity development including the third ‘c’ of coordination. Coordination, as one contributor remarked, “has been a holy grail but is a long way from being achieved”. United Nations (UN) Member States (countries) regularly call for improved coordination amongst the international capacity development community at annual meetings of the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) and international organisations and professional associations are committed to coordination and cooperation ideals. This paper highlights potential routes to improved global cooperation by reviewing contributions to the discussion platform, sharing an example of effective coordination from a UN Regional Commission, and the key features of current coordination efforts by the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and the UN. The launch of the ISI’s Capability Building Committee’s 2022–2025 strategic plan provides an opportunity to review overall coordination efforts and promote inclusive capacity development efforts to ensure no one or no National Statistical System is left behind.

The use of dimensionality reduction techniques for fault detection and diagnosis in a AHU unit: critical assessment of its reliability

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) are important tools to perform on-going monitoring of the systems and help in their building commissioning. An innovative method is investigated based on combined data-driven and knowledge-based approaches. This article presents the method. In the first phase, a so-called operating map of the system is built using a dimension reduction method and numerical or experimental dataset. This map is composed of several regions corresponding to nominal operation and to specific faults. The second phase focuses on the FDD. The monitored data are projected on the map. According to the position, a clear and precise FDD can be carried. The method is applied to an air handling unit. The map is built using data generated with a building simulation programme. The reliability of the method is proven using experimental data of nominal and fault operation generated.

INFLUENCE OF THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON IN 1666 ON SPECIFICS OF CREATING BAROQUE STYLE OF CHURCHES IN ENGLAND

At the same time, when Baroque became the dominant style in Italy, in English architecture in the 17th century architects continued using the Classical forms. After that, in the architecture of England appeared a style called Palladian architecture and Jacobean architecture. Style of Baroque became prevalent just at the end of this century. After the Great Fire of London on 5 September 1666 most of the city's buildings were destroyed, all these constructions had to be restored or built new ones. The 17th and 18th centuries were a painful period, not only for the history of Britain but also affected religion. London was full of immigrants from the Continent who brought a part of their culture and religion to English culture. So, during that period, there was a problem of the persistence of the leading position of the Anglican Church of England. Through the hard work of the British architects who have fully dedicated themselves to the work, positions were strengthened. 310 years passed since the intensified struggle against the Anglican Church of England and Catholicism with another popular at that time sects. It started with creating the Act establishing the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in the Cities of London and Westminster and or the Suburbs thereof. The fact that the Act was passed because of overcrowded with worshipers in the non-conformist chapels around London. In the end, it did not achieve its goal, just twelve churches were built under the tutelage of the Commissioners. A number of these churches became known as the Queen Anne Churches. However, these churches became the main building of Baroque Style in London.

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Extensions to the main building of Lviv Polytechnic at the beginning of the XX century

The article deals with the problem of building up the educational premises of Lviv Polytechnic National University (official name at the time - Imperial Royal Higher Technical School in Lviv) in the early 20th century. The attention is drawn to the reasons that determined the necessity to extend the educational space for the institution, given its development and increased social significance. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author traces the construction process in detail: from the official permit for extension in May 1903 to the implementation of the project. The persons who were engaged in the Building Committee, formed by the Galician governorship, and the sphere of their responsibility are indicated. The way of conducting such works at that time is specified: a sort of tender was held and a contract for execution of works was signed with a winner (a company that offered the lowest price). The particular enterprises, type of work performed (construction, carpentry, metalwork, etc.) and the amount of money paid are indicated. For example, the extension was carried out by Alfred Kamenobrodsky's firm, carpentry by Wczelak Brothers, varnishing by Alexander Boyarsky and interior design of six new classrooms by Marcin Prugar and Son. A detailed description of equipment necessary for the newly built premises is given, which allows understanding what the lecture halls of the time looked like. It is pointed out that the construction of wings led to other changes in the arrangement of the territory, in particular, a cobblestone path was finally paved from the main building to the chemistry building located nearby. Based on the studied sources and literature, the author concludes that the extension of the premises of the University in the early 20th century was extremely necessary. The addition of two so-called «wings» to the main building, however, did not solve the problem of lack of classroom space, because some of the units were still in rented premises and the professors constantly asked for the construction of new buildings for the needs of Lviv Polytechnic.

Grand Mufti of the Polish Muslims Jakub Szynkiewicz (1884-1966) and his Connections with the Karaites

Jakub Szynkiewicz lived in a very difficult time and had to make decisions that were oftentimes crucial and motives and effects of which cannot be judged easily. During the Second World War, he was surely faced with hopeless situations when he was responsible for not only himself and his whole family but also the Muslim community the care of which was entrusted to him. For Karaitologists, his relations with the Karaite community are of significance not only during the interwar period but also during the turbulent years of the Second World War. The p eriod between World War I and World War II should be considered as the most important one in his life. Between 1926-1939, Jakub Szynkiewicz, as the Mufti of the Republic of Poland, was the spiritual leader of 19 Muslim communities congregating approx. 6 thousand of the faithful. Thanks to his personal efforts, the Mosque Building Committee in Warsaw was created (1928), the bill on the relationship between the state and the Muslim Religious Association in Poland and its statute were passed (1936), and the First Muslim Congress in Poland was organized (1938). At the same time, he conducted his scientific research, too. It resulted in numerous publications in Polish that popularized knowledge on reach Muslim history and culture in Poland and in the world. He was also very active in the international arena, visiting Muslim communities in Bulgaria, Egypt, Yugoslavia, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey. During those journeys, he tried, among others, to raise funds for the construction of a mosque in Warsaw. His ambitious plans for the development of the Muslim community in Poland were entirely shattered with the outbreak of WWII.

Review: Rise of the Modern Hospital: An Architectural History of Health and Healing, 1870–1940

Review: <i>Rise of the Modern Hospital: An Architectural History of Health and Healing, 1870–1940</i>

The energy savings impact of the existing building commissioning process by building type

This study presents the energy savings impact of the Continuous Commissioning® (CC®) version of the Existing Building Commissioning (EBCx) process in 197 projects (592 buildings) since the inception of the process in the early 1990s. These are the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of EBCx projects. The evaluation of the impact of EBCx by building type included 316 education buildings, 141 health care facilities, 13 laboratory facilities, 32 office buildings, as well as 90 miscellaneous facilities. The annual energy cost savings, as of December 2016, exceeded $29.7 million (2017 $), for 197 EBCx projects (over 59 million ft2 (5.48 million m2) of area). The median annual cost savings were $0.24/ft2 ($2.26/m2) for individual education buildings, $0.40/ft2 ($4.31/m2) for individual health care facilities, $1.54/ft2 ($16.58/m2) for individual laboratory facilities, $0.59/ft2 ($6.35/m2) for individual office buildings, $0.50/ft2 ($5.38/m2) for individual miscellaneous facilities. The median percent savings for electricity were up to 14%, the demand savings up to 14%, the natural gas savings up to 33%, the CHW savings ranged from 21 to 36%, and the HW savings ranged from 28 to 71%. The median percent savings are remarkably consistent by building type.

Detecting deficiencies using building performance data in healthcare facilities: Improving operational efficiency with Continuous Commissioning ®

The Continuous Commissioning® version of the Existing Building Commissioning process was implemented in three large hospitals and optimized the HVAC operations to improve their energy use while maintaining comfort without any capital system investment. In the hospitals studied, measures accounting for 64% of the total annual commissioning cost savings of $592,816 were identified by analyzing trend data. Trend analysis of AHU ON/OFF status, economizer, outside air damper position, supply air temperature, and supply air static pressure corresponded to 51%, 8%, 5%, 31%, and 4% of the total projected savings, respectively. The use of trend analysis identified measures in the three case-study hospitals that are projected to reduce the EUI of the three hospitals by 16%, 21% and 19% respectively, even though the average consumption of the three hospitals was below the 5th percentile of hospital consumption. The availability and use of trend data in these facilities saved time in identifying these operational improvements and likely identified some improvements that would not have been identified using manual diagnostic techniques. Continuous engagement of this low cost and resource-intensive analysis tool can significantly reduce the operational costs for facilities.

Re-Envisioning the Canadian Nephrology Trials Network: A Can-SOLVE-CKD Stakeholder Meeting of Patient Partners and Researchers.

Purpose:The Canadian Nephrology Trials Network (CNTN) was formed in 2014 to support Canadian researchers in developing, designing, and conducting prospective studies in nephrology. In response to the changing landscape and needs within the Canadian nephrology research community, an interest in further growth and development of the network was identified. In the following report, we describe the process undertaken to re-envision the network through the creation of 3 new committees and how the committees are facilitating change and growth within the CNTN for future sustainability.Sources of information:To understand areas for improvement and capacity building, the organization charged with overseeing the CNTN, Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD), began by conducting an environmental scan. As well, 2 informal surveys were sent to nephrology professionals (who were members of the CNTN and the Canadian Society of Nephrology) and patient partners (from Can-SOLVE CKD).Methods:In September 2018, 44 CNTN members and other stakeholders from across Canada (including patient partners and representatives from research funding agencies) convened for a 2-day visioning workshop in Mississauga, Ontario. The agenda for this workshop was largely based on the results from the informal surveys. CNTN leadership participated and chose other workshop participants through informal stakeholder mapping and purposeful recruitment. Patient partners were recruited to participate in the workshop through advertisement within the Can-SOLVE-CKD patient council. The survey results and discussion questions were presented to participants at the workshop who, in turn, discussed in large- and small-group session ways in which the CNTN might be expanded.Results:Surveys of patient partners indicated that they would like to see greater involvement of patients in the research process. Surveys of researchers indicated that they wanted more support and resources for coordinating prospective trials. The themes which emerged from the workshop discussions were peer review, engagement, and training. These themes were broadened and formally re-named to Scientific Operations, Communications and Engagement, and Capacity Building. A working committee, each co-led by a nephrologist with research experience and a patient partner, was created to advance each of these identified themes. An executive committee was created to provide overall strategic leadership and governance to the network. The Scientific Operations Committee conducts peer reviews; provides letters of endorsement after peer review; and holds semi-annual in-person meetings where researchers can present their proposals and obtain feedback from multiple stakeholders, including patients. The Communications and Engagement Committee publishes a quarterly newsletter, engages the community on Twitter, and reaches out to community sites and new nephrologists to engage them in research. The Capacity Building Committee conducts webinars to encourage patient partners to develop their own research questions and is developing a hub-and-spoke model to improve research collaboration.Limitations:We did not conduct formal stakeholder mapping. Only attendees of the visioning workshop provided input, and not everyone’s comment or opinion was included in the workshop report. Perspectives were limited to the sample of people who attended the workshop or were surveyed and may not reflect perspectives of all stakeholders in nephrology research in Canada. We did not use formal qualitative methodology to summarize the workshops.Implications:Renewed areas of focus and related committees within the CNTN could lead to an increased capacity for nephrology research, increased engagement and collaboration with researchers, a higher likelihood of funding with rigorous peer review, and more clinical trials and multicenter collaborative prospective research being conducted in Canada.

Letter to the Editor

I enjoyed reading Horatio Joyce's “Disharmony in the Clubhouse” in JSAH 78, no. 4 (December 2019), as it brings new insights on Gilded Age design. However, I must bring to the author's attention an error concerning Harry Allan Jacobs. Joyce refers to Jacobs as a “graduate of the École des Beaux-Arts and a recipient of the Prix de Rome” (432), relying on the biographical dictionary prepared by Henry F. and Ethel Rathburn Withey, who themselves relied on undependable newspaper obituaries.Jacobs received his PhB in architecture from Columbia University in 1894 and a McKim Traveling Scholarship in 1897 (allowing him to study at the American Academy in Rome), but he was never admitted to the architecture section of the Paris École des Beaux-Arts. There is no entry under his name in the authoritative Dictionnaire des élèves architectes de l'École des beaux-arts de Paris (1800–1968) (https://agorha.inha.fr/inhaprod/ark:/54721/0017). The Society of Beaux-Arts Architects listed him among its “associate members” who had spent at least a year in a Paris atelier without entering the École's second class. Jacobs, who studied in the Atelier Paulin in 1896, thus could not claim the official title of ancien élève, which the École conferred on anyone who passed its entrance exam. As stated in “American Architecture Students in Belle Epoque Paris: Scholastic Strategies and Achievements at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts,” an article I wrote with Marie-Laure Crosnier Leconte for the Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era (12, no. 2, April 2013): “The claim of many American architects to have ‘studied’ at the Ecole has often misled historians. Those having completed the full curriculum with a thesis or diplôme are the only ones who deserved the title of Ecole ‘graduates’” (158).Remaining vague or embellishing one's studies in a Parisian atelier, deliberately or otherwise, has been a rather pervasive (and pernicious) practice in American architectural history. Fortunately, setting the record straight has become far easier with the Dictionnaire des élèves architectes and the digitization of period directories. Realizing that Jacobs's position in the Beaux-Arts academic ladder was not so high strengthens Joyce's argument that, despite his membership on the Harmonie Club's building committee, Jacobs helped steer the commission toward McKim, Mead & White (432). I would also add that selecting the newly formed firm of Herts & Tallant for the 1898 remodeling of the Harmonie Club (428) must have related not only to the fact that Henry Beaumont Herts, an ancien élève with a modest École transcript, was Jewish but also to the stellar École record of Hugh Tallant—the fourth U.S. citizen who “graduated” from the École des Beaux-Arts when he received his diplôme in December 1896.

Capacity building and mentorship among pan-Canadian early career researchers in community-based primary health care.

To describe activities and outcomes of a cross-team capacity building strategy that took place over a five-year funding period within the broader context of 12 community-based primary health care (CBPHC) teams. In 2013, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded 12 CBPHC Teams (12-Teams) to conduct innovative cross-jurisdictional research to improve the delivery of high-quality CBPHC to Canadians. This signature initiative also aimed to enhance CBPHC research capacity among an interdisciplinary group of trainees, facilitated by a collaboration between a capacity building committee led by senior researchers and a trainee-led working group. After the committee and working group were established, capacity building activities were organized based on needs and interests identified by trainees of the CBPHC Teams. This paper presents a summary of the activities accomplished, as well as the outcomes reported through an online semistructured survey completed by the trainees toward the end of the five-year funding period. This survey was designed to capture the capacity building and mentorship activities that trainees either had experienced or would like to experience in the future. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted based on survey responses, and these findings were compared with the existing core competencies in the literature. Since 2013, nine webinars and three online workshops were hosted by trainees and senior researchers, respectively. Many of the CBPHC Teams provided exposure for trainees to innovative methods, CBPHC content, and showcased trainee research. A total of 27 trainees from 10 of the 12-Teams responded to the survey (41.5%). Trainees identified key areas of benefit from their involvement in this initiative: skills training, networking opportunities, and academic productivity. Trainees identified gaps in research and professional skill development, indicating areas for further improvement in capacity building programs, particularly for trainees to play a more active role in their education and preparation.

Religious activities of clerks of Russian origin employed in the regional branches of Customs Tariff Department in the Kingdom of Poland between 1851 and 1914

&lt;p&gt;Od 1851 r. na terenie Królestwa Polskiego funkcjonowała rosyjska administracja celna. W strukturach terenowych Departamentu Opłat Celnych Ministerstwa Finansów pojawiło się wielu urzędników pochodzenia rosyjskiego i wyznania prawosławnego. Zaczęły kształtować się lokalne społeczności rosyjskie, które bardzo często skupiały się wokół urządzanych cerkwi prawosławnych. Przez cały okres obecności tej administracji, od połowy XIX w. do 1914 r. urzędnicy celni i funkcjonariusze straży granicznej z własnej inicjatywy angażowali się w różne projekty związane z funkcjonowaniem Kościoła prawosławnego i aktywnością na polu dobroczynną. Władze carskie bardzo przychylnie odnosiły się do tych oddolnych inicjatyw. Bardzo chętnie akceptowały zaangażowanie się urzędników w komitety budowlane cerkwi, w tworzenie i funkcjonowanie cerkiewnych parafialnych komitetów opiekuńczych czy bractwa religijne. Chęć pomocy macierzystej świątyni parafialnej czy biednym parafianom działało mobilizująco na przedstawicieli rosyjskiego inteligencji urzędniczej zatrudnionej w resorcie celnym. Inicjatywy te nasiliły się po 1864 r. i były zauważalne do chwili wybuchu I wojny światowej.&lt;/p&gt;