Arrangement Of Buildings Research Articles

The strategy of handling the settlements for Under-resourced neighbourhood/area fishermen’s of Tallo Village

Tallo Village, Agampacayya area is one of the Under-resourced neighbourhood/area areas in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province. The District Government categorizes the area as a Under-resourced neighbourhood/area area following regional regulations from 2015 to 2020. Over time, the area has increased because Tallo Village is located in a strategic economic area, the Center for Trade, Trade and Services Economy, Makassar City, South Sulawesi. Physical development took place in this area without any planning process. This impacts the deviation of the use of space, resulting in the inadequate arrangement of buildings in this area. However, the response from stakeholders (government, community and private sector) has been slow. It will have a massive environmental degradation impact on the coastal area of Agampacayya, Tallo Vilage. This study aimed to formulate a strategy for developing Under-resourced neighbourhood/area settlements in Tallo Vilage, Kampung Nelayan. This descriptive research used two analysis methods: quantitatively to answer the first problem and qualitatively to answer the second and third problems. The results showed that the settlement of Kampung Nelayan, Tallo Village was included in the village typology with a medium to high category of Under-resourced neighbourhood/areas. The SWOT analysis results show that handling Under-resourced neighbourhood/area settlements in Kampung Nelayan Tallo Village can be done through strategic combinations of strengths and opportunities to overcome existing weaknesses and threats. The results of the calculation of the strategy formulation show that handling the treatment of Kampung Nelayan Under-resourced neighbourhood/areas prioritizes strategies from a combination of strengths (S) - Opportunities (O) for the development of Under-resourced neighbourhood/area settlements in Kampung Nalayan Tallo Village.

Reducing Outdoor Noise in an Apartment Complex through Building Arrangement

This study investigated the arrangement of apartment buildings within an apartment complex using computer simulations to maximize the tranquility of the outdoor environment. For the analysis, we selected an apartment complex with a typical layout consisting of eight apartment buildings with identical Y-shaped floor plans. To predict outdoor noise, the target complex was modeled in 3D and implemented using a commercial noise mapping software. The simulation model was validated by comparing it with the field measurements. The criterion for tranquility was set to below 45 dBA based on the literature. As a result, the average value of outdoor noise within the complex remained almost unchanged, with a decrease of less than 1 dB despite the variation in building layout. However, the outdoor area with noise levels below 45 dB in the apartment complex increased from a minimum of 12 m2 to 300 m2, depending on the variation in building arrangement. In addition, strategies for planning apartment complexes with more tranquil outdoor spaces were discussed based on the simulation results.

Resilient Hub

The proposal describes a community hub; a site located within the suburban and urban built environment, made up of an arrangement of community-run buildings and facilities. Modern sustainable technologies and building typologies will be promoted and community interaction encouraged. Multiple functions will work in unison, with all members of the surrounding community interfacing with it. Through participation, collaboration and creative contribution, the Resilient Hub will demonstrate in a tangible, real-time way the connection between energy, water, food production, food preparation, food consumption, compost and energy use. The knowledge and practices gained will proliferate in community members’ daily practices and help to accelerate the uptake of sustainable technology, building construction and use. Involving the community at the design stage will further integrate the relevance of these sustainable methods. All these aspects combine to challenge us to think in a more integrated way about our future neighbourhoods and how all aspects of them are part of an interconnected system.

An Overview of Supramolecular Platforms Boosting Drug Delivery.

Numerous supramolecular platforms inspired by natural self-assembly are exploited as drug delivery systems. The spontaneous arrangement of single building blocks into inorganic and organic structures is determined and controlled by noncovalent forces such as electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. This review describes the main structures and characteristics of several building blocks used to obtain stable, self-assembling nanostructures tailored for numerous biological applications. Owing to their versatility, biocompatibility, and controllability, these nanostructures find application in diverse fields ranging from drug/gene delivery, theranostics, tissue engineering, and nanoelectronics. Herein, we described the different approaches used to design and functionalize these nanomaterials to obtain selective drug delivery in a specific disease. In particular, the review highlights the efficiency of these supramolecular structures in applications related to infectious diseases and cancer.

The mechanism of large-scale river valley deformation induced by impoundment at the Baihetan Hydropower Station

Impoundment-induced valley contraction impacts arch dam safety. Baihetan is the second-largest hydropower plant, and there is an urgent need to study its valley deformation mechanism for arch dam safety assessment. The scope of previous studies on engineering cases was mostly limited to the near-dam area, but the large-scale deformation trend has rarely been reported. In addition, the groundwater level change during cofferdam operation has rarely been emphasized in valley deformation analysis. In this paper, a numerical model describing the complex seepage field at the dam site was developed. Furthermore, numerical simulations were performed for characterizing the large-scale valley deformation trend. In addition, monitoring data were collected to validate the simulation method. The large-scale monitoring results showed that the valley near the dam contracted while the valley away from the dam widened. The spatial variability of valley contraction is related to bypass seepage and substantial artificial slope shaping. The main reasons for valley contraction are effective stress reduction and the steep topography excavated for hydraulic building arrangement. In addition, the significant decrease in the groundwater level during cofferdam operation exacerbated valley contraction after impoundment.

Speech communication in outdoor learning environments

Newton Central School (NCS) celebrates its 100th birthday this year. Its noise environment has evolved significantly over that time and is now dominated by road-traffic noise from the adjacent State Highway 16. Master planning for the redevelopment of NCS, to enable the school roll to be more than doubled, necessitates consideration of how noise emissions to the site can best be minimised and managed, particularly for outdoor learning areas. The transmission of road traffic noise across the site (up to 2043) is predicted and the methodology is detailed. The use of the local topography, locations, and arrangement of buildings and open space, and zoning of different types of outdoor activity to both mitigate and manage transmission is explored. The resultant levels of ambient noise achieved through different mitigation options are discussed via comparison with different sources of published design criteria for outdoor learning and other activities within open spaces. The results are also considered in terms of a signal-to-noise relationship. The relative benefits of reductions in noise for the end user/stakeholder are clarified with reference to the likely subjective perception of comparative changes in noise level. The application of lessons learned and the potential for further study are investigated.

Wind-tunnel analysis of turbulent flow in cross-ventilated buildings with windcatchers: Impact of surrounding buildings

This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of ventilation flows in a building with a windcatcher surrounded by building arrays. The surrounding building arrangements were in two forms: inline and staggered, representing an abstract variety of suburban morphology. Ventilation measurements were performed for five approaching wind directions: two normal to the building opening(s) at 0° and 180° orientations, two oblique at 40° and 140° orientations, and one parallel to the building opening(s) at 90° orientation. Time-averaged and instantaneous data analyses were carried out. The time-averaged approach showed the overall ventilation flow interaction with the building. Meanwhile, the instantaneous data analysis helped investigate the unsteady airflow characteristics. Hence, the room pressure fluctuations were considered in the frequency domain. Additionally, the coefficient of variance and probability density functions were obtained to identify the nature of ventilation flow fluctuations.The results showed that the maximum reductions in ventilation rate were 30% and 42% for the inline and staggered arrays, respectively, compared to an isolated building case. The highest obstructions of the onset flow to the openings occurred at direct wind incidences for the inline array and oblique wind incidences for the staggered array. The nearby buildings enhanced the fluctuating ventilation flows at 0° and 180° incidences. However, the isolated building case showed the highest fluctuations at 90° incidence since the turbulent flow was mostly dissipated along the surrounding street canyons for the arrayed cases. The room interior pressure fluctuations and spectra showed prominent peaks associated with the Helmholtz frequency in all case studies.

Energy Efficiency in Building Based on the BIPV Panels System Used as a Double Skin Envelop in a Hot Arid Region

This paper aims to solve one of the energy issues using specific new building designs using the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels as a double skin envelope. The BIPV system can be an innovative material for the building envelope during the design process as a: frame component, curtain wall or shading device. In addition to its power generation, the use of the BIPV can be an integrated part of the design of future envelopes and in the energy renovation of old buildings; these systems can producerenewable energy, minimize energy consumption, provide adequate indoor comfort and have less impact on the environment. As an external envelope of the buildings and a source of energy, the BIPV systems can represent the architectural appearance and aesthetic arrangements of the future building. Our investigation is based on an Energy report in many existing office buildings in a hot arid region of Algeria in order to assess their energy consumption, thereafter; calculate the energy yield after the BIPV hypothetical use in building architecture. The important result shows that the BIPV system enhances energy consumption with different percentages of the total energy consumption per year (Building sample 1: 50%, Building sample 2: 30% and Building sample 3: 65%) this is due to many architectural elements; such as: envelop form, shading devices, opening ratio, and environment masks. The major conclusion of the research reveals that The BIPV systems can preserve the architectural aesthetic appearance as well as enhancement of energy consumption.

Investigating the effect of the physical layout of the architecture of high-rise buildings, residential complexes, and urban heat islands

Improper development of land uses in the city leads to climate changes, resulting in an increase in GW and the formation of UHIs. These changes have adverse effects on people's level of comfort. This research is supposed to extract the optimal model by proving the relationship between the physical arrangement of the architecture of high-rise buildings in residential complexes and reducing the adverse effects of this. Therefore, in this research, four models of solitary, environmental, combined, and rowly block arrangement were investigated based on numerical calculation methods and CFD simulation. These simulations were done by ENVI-meto software based on air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and thermal comfort in the open space. The results showed that the type of physical arrangement of buildings can increase air temperature for GW by up to 3 °C and UHIs by 0.5 °C. The combined pattern is the most optimal in this section due to its more compact structure than the solitary pattern. Regarding the effect of relative humidity on climate changes, the solitary pattern has the lowest percentage of relative humidity compared to other patterns due to more air circulation in its physical structure. Also, the type of physical arrangement of buildings can improve the wind speed for GW by up to 0.2 m/s and for UHIs by up to 0.7 m/s. Based on this, the most optimal model is the environmental pattern, because the physical structures of the buildings are an obstacle in wind circulation. The fluctuation range of the PMV index for the intensity of GW effects on thermal comfort, is 0.7°, and the fluctuation range of this index for the power of UHIs is about 0.2°. The solitary pattern is the most optimal pattern to reduce the severity of adverse effects of GW and UHIs; this is due to the scattered distribution of blocks in this pattern. In general, according to the research findings, it can be concluded that the most optimal pattern to reduce the severity of the adverse effects of GW is solitary and environmental patterns, and to reduce the severity of the negative impact of UHIs, the solitary pattern is used.

An Energy-Saving-Oriented Approach to Urban Design—Application in the Local Conditions of Poznań Metropolitan Area (Poland)

This article discusses the impact of urban layout on the energy performance of residential buildings. A comparative analysis of multiple variants of land development differing in building layout only, with all other features being the same, including the building envelope properties and technical equipment, was carried out. The research was conducted in two selected locations in Poznań metropolitan area (Poland), which is located in the Dfb climate zone (humid continental—warm summer subtype). For each location, the following variants of building layout were considered: parallel buildings (12 variants with an orientation towards the sides of the world rotated in steps of 15 degrees), perimeter frontage buildings, and comb-shaped buildings with semi-open courtyards (4 variants with courtyards open to each side of the world). The calculation of annual end uses for heating and cooling was conducted as well as the peak values. All calculations were performed using OpenStudio Application Release v. 1.2.1 software with the SketchUp plugin. The results showed that the proper arrangement of buildings on the urban plot may result in significant energy savings. The considered variants differed in terms of annual end uses for heating and cooling even by approx. 15%, and the peak values on the hottest days were 4–10 times lower in comparison with the least advantageous variants. The results show the slight advantage of compact development over free-standing development in terms of total end uses as well as the south and north orientation of facades over the east and west in terms of peak solar heat gain values.

Wind-induced fragility of a group of three gable-roof buildings with different roof slope and building spacing

The influence of the roof slope, building spacing, building orientation and joint probability of wind speed and direction on the wind-induced fragility (WIF) of a group of three gable-roof buildings was investigated. The results show that wind interference effects on the WIF of buildings are significant. The dependency of the WIF of buildings with a small roof slope of 10° is nearly opposite from that with a large roof slope of 35°. When the roof slope is 10°, wind shielding effects make the WIF of the center and downstream buildings less than that of the isolated building, the WIF decreases with the decrease of building spacing, and the maximum increase of the minimum critical wind speed among all wind directions reaches 14.1%. When the roof slope is 35°, wind amplification effects make the WIF of the upstream and center buildings greater than that of the isolated building, the WIF increases with the decrease of building spacing, and the maximum decrease of the minimum critical wind speed is 7.2%. When the buildings are located in Fuzhou, the WIF reaches the minimum (it means the most favorable building arrangement) for buildings with a roof slope of 10°, and it reaches the maximum (it means the most unfavorable building arrangement) for buildings with a roof slope of 35° at the building orientation of about 30° with a small building spacing.

백제 웅진기 건물지의 평면변화와 위계

This The palace is a formal structure representing the authority of the king and can be said to be the largest complex building group since ancient times. Ancient countries in Northeast Asia generally used ancient Chinese palaces as models and built palaces, and various norms and rituals were applied.
 However, since differences in perception of nature, topographical conditions, and differences in the use of tools and living customs cannot be excluded, a review based on the topography and environment of the area is needed in the construction of the royal palace. Therefore, the structure and hierarchy of royal palace-related buildings in Gongsanseong Castle, which is the Castle of Woongjin in Baekje, need to be judged on the premise of understanding the use and location of space using natural terrain. In particular, in the case of ground buildings, it is difficult to grasp the superstructure based on archaeological investigations, so there is a limit to the hierarchical review of ancient architecture defined by the system. Accordingly, based on the size and structure of the building site in the Woongjin period Baekje Castle, and the spatial compartment that can be identified in the arrangement of the building within the unit space, we tried to understand the changes and hierarchies of the building site in the Woongjin period of Baekje.
 First of all, the biggest changes in the building site in Baekje's Castle during the Woongjin period include a ground building, standardization of plane structure and scale, and spatial composition by compartments. Although the size of the building site has been miniaturized compared to the Hanseong period, it can be seen that the grounding of the building has been stably carried out based on the wooden structure. The structure of the building site shows that the Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and the Gulipju-building(굴립주건물) in the early Woongjin period are expanded from the initial planar structure to the side, resulting in space division and enlargement by the compartment.
 The hierarchy of Baekje building sites during the Woongjin period can be divided around location, plan and size, and left direction. As for the location, planned building arrangements were made after the site was divided by infrastructure such as roads and drainage channels to overcome the limitations of the topography such as hilly lines and lowlands. It can be inferred that the space was controlled in the left-facing arrangement that conformed to the location and land of the building, and the spatial composition and hierarchy according to the function were distinguished. The floor plan of the building is divided into a square Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and a Gulipju-building(굴립주건물).
 The distribution of buildings differs between the central building group and the surrounding building group. In the ruins related to the royal palace in the south of Gongbukru(공북루), the space is divided into five stages of land, and the land gradually increases. In addition, the presumed royal palace site forms a land as it gradually rises from the access road to the east. In other words, you enter while looking up at a building located on a high land from a low area. It's worth noting that it's forced to look up from a low point of view, which highlights the authority of the building and emphasizes symbolism.

Analisis Debit Banjir Rancangan Dan Kapasitas Tampang Sungai Di Sekitar Kawasan Sempadan Sungai Sokong Kabupaten Lombok Utara

In line with the North Lombok Regency (KLU) government program to prioritize handling and structuring residential areas and disaster-prone areas in the Pemenang-Tanjung sub-district in 2022, it is necessary to carry out several technical studies to support the program. One of the technical studies that can be carried out is an analysis of the design flood and river capacity around the Sokong River section in Tanjung Village, which is a location that is classified as densely populated, with slums and residential areas close to the river border. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the design flood discharge and the cross-sectional capacity of the Sokong river section. The method used in this study is a hydrological analysis using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method to determine the amount of design flood discharge for the 25-year return period (Q25th) and analysis of river cross-sectional capacity using Hec-RAS 4.1.0 software. The results of the analysis show that the Q25th that occurs along the Sokong River section is 131.32 m3/s and the simulation results use Hec-RAS 4.1.0 software. shows that the capacity of the Sokong River segment cannot accommodate the Q25th. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the arrangement of residential buildings around the border area of ​​the Sokong River by raising the elevation of the building to be free from flood inundation.

Strategi penanganan permukiman kumuh di Kampung Jawa, Distrik Manokwari Barat, Kabupaten Manokwari

Kampung Jawa is one of the slums in Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province and the Regency government claims the area as a slum area with regional regulations in 2015 and 2020. Over time; The area is growing so rapidly because, the location of Kampung Jawa is in the economic strategic area of ​​Manokwari Province, namely the Center for Trade, Trade and Services, West Regency of Manokwari Province. The physical development that occurs in the area without any planning process for the wild area of ​​Manokwari Province, so that it has an impact on storage activities. so that the arrangement of buildings in this area is inadequate. Worries about a condition if there is no immediate response by stakeholders (government, community, and private sector) so that it will have a massive environmental degradation impact on the coastal area of ​​Wosi Bay. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the characteristics of the development of slum settlements and the level of slums in Kampung Jawa, Teluk Wosi Area, West Manokwari District; 2) Formulating a strategy for developing slum settlements in Kampung Jawa, Teluk Wosi Area, West Manokwari District; 3) formulating or planning an alternative concept of structuring the coastal area of ​​Kampung Jawa that is good, sustainable and in line with the Manokwari Regency Regulations, as well as applicable laws and regulations. This research is descriptive and uses two methods of analysis, namely quantitative to answer the first problem and qualitative to answer the second and third problems. The results showed that the settlement of Kampung Jawa was included in the typology of the village with the heavy category of slums. The results of the SWOT analysis obtained alternative handling strategies, namely the strategies generated based on a combination of two elements of strength (internal) and elements of opportunity (external) to overcome existing weaknesses and threats. The concept of structuring the area is carried out by applying the concept of a waterfront city with physical and non-physical development based on the original characteristics and functions of Kampung Jawa.

A review of the contribution of smoke management systems in building design by CFD analysis

As it is broadly known smoke is the major cause of casualties in the event of fire incidents in buildings. Accordingly, the majority of fire related-deaths are not caused by fire flames, but by inhaling smoke. Apart from that, as fire-generated gases exceed a certain level, lower visibility can be attained. Aiming to break this vicious cycle between building design and fire safety, smoke management systems underline a fruitful way to tackle this problem. Within this framework, this work focuses on a thorough presentation of smoke control systems in building design. In an effort to assess the significance of such kinds of systems, as well as to justify their contribution from a quotative point of view, highly sophisticated numerical approaches are mostly adopted. In this context, CFD techniques illustrate a rational way to enhance the arrangement of buildings in terms of fire safety (risk assessment). In a nutshell, this paper discusses the main conclusions of earlier research in this important area of study.

농지법상 ‘농지’ 정의와 농지취득자격증명 제도의 위헌성

This paper examines unconstitutional issues related to the Farmland Act for the purpose of protecting people's livelihood & resolving legal obstacles to be faced in the process of returning to farming and returning to village. Various restrictions on farmland from the public welfare perspective of preserving farmland and protecting the national environment, conform to the spirit of the Constitution and are reasonable for substantive justice. However, regulations on farmland, which is private property, are restrictions on the freedom and rights of the people, so they should be limited to the minimum necessary. It is the basic responsibility of the legislature, the executive branch, and the judiciary to find a balance between the protection and restriction of property rights. Recently, the Farmland Act has been revised to strengthen strict regulations, and concerns about not small evils are becoming a reality. Illegal diversion and dumping of agricultural land must be strictly and absolutely prohibited. However, due to the strengthening of the Farmland Act, the issuance of agricultural certificates is strictly rigid even by administrative authorities in rural areas that have nothing to do with speculative areas. In Chapter 2, this paper points out that the uncertainty of the definition of 'farmland' in the Farmland Act against the principle of clarity frequently leads to deviations and abuses of administrative discretion, which is likely to be unconstitutional. Chapter 3 focuses on the unconstitutionality of the regulations related to qualification certificates for acquisition of farmland. First, there is a fundamental infringement of property rights guaranteed by the Constitution by restricting the right to dispose of and acquire the right of ownership. Second, the freedom of residence & relocation and the freedom to choose a job are significantly violated. Third, it severely restricts the “right to live in a healthy and comfortable environment” and the “right to lead a life worthy of human beings”, and as a result, “dignity and value as a human being” and the “right to pursue happiness” are also significantly violated. Next, it is analyzed from the perspective of whether the principle of excessive prohibition is violated, the legitimacy of the purpose, the suitability of the means, the minimum of infringement, and the balance of legal interests. And it is also reviewed whether the right to equality is violated, and it is revealed that the denial of ownership transfer registration of illegally diverted farmland is unconstitutional. In addition, the possibility of unconstitutionality of the provision on limitation period for sanctions under Article 23, Paragraph 1 of General Act on Administration is also critically reviewed. Under the Criminal Procedure Act, there is a statute of limitations for the prosecution of a crime, and there is a long and short statute of limitations for various rights under the Civil Act. Citizens must file claims or lawsuits within a certain period of time to be protected in civil and criminal proceedings as well as administrative trials or litigation. It is to promote 'legal stability' to relieve the anxiety of the parties and excessive consumption of the national administrative and judicial system. In order to prevent the deviation and misuse of the discretion of administrative agencies, it is urgent to apply the limitation period for sanctions under the General Act on Administration. In Chapter 4, apart from the review of legal positivism and interpretive jurisprudence, an additional critical review of legal philosophy and general legal principles is attempted. First, there is a high possibility of unconstitutionality as the fairness in the legal treatment of unauthorized buildings and illegally-exploited farmland is significant. This is because the “Act on Special Measures for the Arrangement of Specific Buildings,” which has been enforced four times so far,

Assessment of the impact of local climate zones on fine dust concentrations: A case study from Hanoi, Vietnam

Despite the growing importance of particulate matter (PM) air pollution its assessment still remains often limited to only a few point measurements, making it difficult to assess the spatial extent. This research shows that under lower pollution conditions (<50 ppm) the accuracy of low cost sensors is too low to show meaningful spatial differences. However under high pollution conditions, when air quality information is also most needed, they perform quite well, after calibration (precision 10 ppm).With a gradient boosting model (GBM) the relationship between PM2.5 as response variable and relative humidity (%), temperature (°C), windspeed (km/h), precipitation (mm) and Local Climate Zones (LCZ's) as predictor variables was explored. The last variable, LCZ's being a method to classify areas based on their land cover and present building types.If the LCZ's variable would show to be a good predictor variable this could make mapping PM easier as there is less data available on the spatial distribution of PM. And its direct link to urban morphology could prove to be helpful in the process of urban planning.The GBM showed that relative humidity (RH) had the highest relative influence (34.8%.) on PM2.5 concentrations followed by windspeed (23.6%), LCZ's (21.4%) and temperature (20.1%).Especially the so-called “compact built” LCZ's appeared to have a buffering impact on the observed PM2.5 concentrations, most likely because of their narrower roads and associated lower traffic load. These LCZ's are marked by a dense arrangement of buildings with not many, if any, natural elements present.

Reversible Microscale Assembly of Nanoparticles Driven by the Phase Transition of a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal.

The arrangement of nanoscale building blocks into patterns with microscale periodicity is challenging to achieve via self-assembly processes. Here, we report on the phase-transition-driven collective assembly of gold nanoparticles in a thermotropic liquid crystal. A temperature-induced transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase under anchoring-driven planar alignment leads to the assembly of individual nanometer-sized particles into arrays of micrometer-sized agglomerates, whose size and characteristic spacing can be tuned by varying the cooling rate. Phase field simulations coupling the conserved and nonconserved order parameters exhibit a similar evolution of the morphology as the experimental observations. This fully reversible process offers control over structural order on the microscopic level and is an interesting model system for the programmable and reconfigurable patterning of nanocomposites with access to micrometer-sized periodicities.

A crystal splitting growth and self-assembly route to carbon superstructures with high energy and superstable Zn-ion storage

The sluggish ion-migration kinetics and structural instability are critical limits of isolated single-level carbon structures, inhibiting capacitive activity and durability of Zn-ion capacitors. To conquer the roadblocks, making well-defined arrangement of low-dimensional building blocks into integrative carbon superstructures gives a promising solution, but remains challenging. Herein, we report a crystal splitting growth and self-assembly strategy to customize nanorod-integrated carbon superstructures for activating superior Zn-ion storage. The coordination between 3-aminobenzoic acid as an organic linker and Cu2+ as a metal node triggers the crystal splitting growth of polymeric clusters to yield nanorod modules, which further couple with 4,4′-bipyridine to self-assemble into exquisite superstructures. Featured with well-arranged one-piece topographies and beneficial diheteroatomic attributes, the robust carbon superstructures empower fast ion transport and easy accessibility of zincophilic sites with low energy barriers. The fabricated Zn-ion capacitors thus deliver ultrahigh energy density (157 Wh kg−1) and extraordinary cyclability (300,000 cycles@20 A g−1). Systematic studies identify the root of excellent electrochemical metrics as high-kinetics alternately physical uptake of Zn2+/SO42− charge carriers and multielectron chemical redox reaction of pyridine/carbonyl motifs with Zn2+ to form N−Zn−O bonds. This work provides new avenues to engineer carbon superstructures for propelling advanced energy storage.

문화관광을 위한 건축 공간의 심미적 가치 : 공주 마곡사를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to suggest the informative value that contribute to cultural tourism with its aesthetics which brings the spatial imagination through the characteristic value of the place as ten scenic spots, the Fung Shui (geomantic principles) and the Garam arrangement in Magoksa Temple. The study seeks the aesthetic value for cultural tourism through the interpretation of the Garam (Buddhist temple buildings) arrangement, the geomantic principles and the architecture of the place consisting of the materials, space and time. From this point of view, Magoksa Temple should highlight this cultural tourism by presenting the following: a place for initiating meditation with ten scenic spots, by fusion of the yearning for people’s livelihood and overcoming war with buddhism combined with the authentic geomantic principles, and by the aesthetic value of the architectural space with trichotomic geography and dichotomic traditional ideas.