Development Budget Research Articles

Optimalisasi Penyelenggaraan Statistik Sektoral sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Data Statistik Berkualitas di Indonesia

The development of data needs in Indonesia has increased awareness of the importance of quality data in supporting development planning and implementation. The government responded by issuing Presidential Regulation Number 39 of 2019 concerning One Data Indonesia (SDI), which aims to produce accurate, up-to-date, and accountable data. However, the implementation of sectoral statistics still faces challenges, including the low national Statistical Development Index (IPS) in 2023 which is in the less than ideal category with a value of 1.78 on a scale of 5.00. This study aims to identify the root causes of the suboptimal implementation of sectoral statistics by Ministries/Institutions/Regions/Agencies (K/L/D/I) and to prepare policy recommendations for improvement in order to realize quality sectoral statistics. The methodology used includes literature studies, secondary data analysis from the results of the Evaluation of Sectoral Statistics Implementation (EPSS), interviews with related teams, and review of laws and regulations. The results of the analysis show several main causal factors: the failure to implement comprehensive sectoral statistics guidance by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS); not all K/L/D/I submit independent assessments so that the progress of sectoral statistics implementation cannot be measured; and budget limitations to support sectoral statistics activities in the regions. To overcome these problems, it is recommended that BPS formulate clear regulations on sectoral statistics development guidelines and increase active development to K/L/D/I. In addition, the Ministry of Home Affairs is expected to encourage regional governments to provide adequate budgets through official circulars. In conclusion, improving the quality of sectoral statistical data requires collaborative efforts between BPS, K/L/D/I, and regional governments. Intensive development, comprehensive evaluation, and adequate budget support are the keys to realizing quality statistical data in accordance with the One Data Indonesia principle.

Achieving universal health coverage inSub-Saharan Africa through the reformation of mental health financing

Insufficient financing is limiting mental health services for universal health coverage (UHC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Without ambitious steps to enhance mental health services, UHC will fall far below its historical agenda; however, adequate mental health financing could strengthen governments’ capacity to provide additional budgetary resources. This paper aims to identify potential strategies for more equitable and sustainable mental health financing in SSA. Using Uganda as a key example, we provide a contextual analysis and highlight current gaps. We draw parallels with successful countries and discuss recommendations for engagement from the global mental health community. This perspective focuses on health systems, mental disease burden, and macro-fiscal situation. Drivers of fiscal space for health indicate prospects to boost mental health budgets for socioeconomic development. Governments should conduct consistent mental health investment cases and expedite fiscal space for aggressive taxation to health reforms.

Machine learning-based models for thermal cracking prediction of flexible pavements

Prediction of transverse cracking is crucial for pavement practitioners and decision-makers to prognosticate the cracking development and allocate maintenance budgets. This research investigates thermal crack predictions, using four various machine learning techniques: the support vector regression (SVR), the regression artificial neural network (RNN), the Gaussian process regression (GPR) and the least-square boost ensemble method (LSBoost). Predictions were based on 214 pavement sections with 1262 data points from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. The models are developed using 20 variables representing age, binder, mix, aggregate and climate properties. The LSBoost ML algorithm exhibited the best performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.926 for training and 0.727 for testing. Sensitivity analysis revealed that pavement age is the predominant factor in transverse crack prediction followed by the freezing index (FI). Overall, climatic parameters played an important role in transverse crack predictions compared to the mix and binder properties.

Elevating excellence: a standardized process of training and development for private sector educational SMEs

PurposeThe study aims to address the critical area of training and development within private educational small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. It seeks to develop and standardize training and development process in private sector educational SMEs and establish a structured approach to training with the purpose of unlocking the full potential of the workforce, advancing educators’ professional growth and propelling organizational progress.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a meticulous three-phase approach. It begins with insightful interviews with school principals to investigate existing training practices. The subsequent phase involves formulating a comprehensive training and development policy, outlining purpose, scope, responsibilities, procedures and budget allocation. This policy undergoes participatory refinement to cater to specific SME needs. In the third phase, experimental design was adopted. Two groups, the experiment group and the control group, were formulated to check the effectiveness of proposed processes.FindingsRigorous statistical analysis, employing paired sample t-tests, unequivocally demonstrates a significant elevation in mean scores post-implementation of standardized training and development process. These findings affirm the efficacy of the policy in enhancing the effectiveness of training and development activities in private sector educational SMEs.Practical implicationsThe research highlights profound implications. By establishing a structured approach to training and development, educational SMEs can not only advance educators’ professional growth but also propel organizational progress and enhance education quality. It will provide a structured and step-by-step process to boost the work quality of staff. The study emphasizes the need for consistent implementation.Originality/valueThis research marks a substantial stride in revolutionizing how human capital is cultivated in private sector educational SMEs. It positions them to exert a transformative impact on Pakistan’s educational landscape, furthering the journey toward excellence. The study suggests avenues for future research, including the adaptation of this model to diverse educational contexts and an assessment of its scalability.

Implementation of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget on Development in Bajur Village, Labuapi Sub-District, West Lombok District 2020-2023

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Village Budget (APBDes) on development in Bajur Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency in 2020-2023. This research is qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the government and the community in Bajur Village. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by means of observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. To ensure data validity, the author used triangulation including method triangulation, inter-researcher triangulation, data source triangulation, and theory triangulation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) for development in Bajur Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency in 2020-2023 showed compliance with applicable regulations and provisions. Bajur Village has implemented the APBDes properly and accountably. This can be seen from several aspects, namely: (1) APBDes planning is carried out in a participatory manner by involving the community through deliberations at the dusun and village levels, (2) APBDes implementation is carried out based on the RKPDes and APBDes that have been approved. The village empowers the community in the implementation of village programs and activities, and uses local labor, (3) APBDes administration is carried out carefully, thoroughly, and consistently. The village uses the Siskeudes application to assist in recording, classifying, and reporting village financial transactions, (4) APBDes reporting is submitted in stages and accountable to interested parties, both the government above and the village community, (5) APBDes accountability is submitted to various related parties through the submission of APBDes realization reports and information media.

The Impact of Islamic Finance Development, Economic Growth, Function of Regional Government Budgets on Carbon Emissions in Indonesia

Carbon emissions are a pressing global issue, with international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and COP26 aiming to limit temperature rise and achieve net zero emissions. This research investigates the impact of Islamic financial development, economic growth, and government budget functions on carbon emissions in Indonesia, using panel data from 2018 to 2022. The study reveals that Islamic finance, specifically Sharia banking financing, significantly reduces carbon emissions. Conversely, economic growth (GRDP) is positively associated with carbon emissions, while the government’s environmental budget shows a negative relationship but lacks statistical significance. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Islamic finance in promoting environmentally sustainable practices and underscore the need for more effective government budgeting and regulatory measures. Future research should explore a broader range of Islamic finance sectors and budgetary functions to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their impact on carbon emissions. This study’s insights can guide policymakers in reinforcing successful strategies and developing new approaches to achieve emission reduction goals.

ANALISIS PENGARUH DAMPAK MAKROEKONOMI, KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH, DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM SEKTOR INFRASTRUKTUR

Infrastructure sector stocks experienced a stable and upward trend, even sharply at the end of quarter 2023. In line with the government budget in infrastructure development that continues to increase, supported by the increase in this sector, one of which will contribute to increasing economic growth in Indonesia, therefore the purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of macroeconomic impacts, government policies, and company performance on infrastructure sector stock returns. Inferential quantitative research with panel data regression analysis techniques is included in this research. With purposive sample method, ten companies were selected, out of 62 companies in the whole population. The type of secondary data is quarterly for the period 2016-2022. The implications of this research as material for investors to invest. Common Effect Model (CEM) is the selected model, the findings prove that partially interest rates, capital expenditures, CR, TATO, ROE, PER, DER, ROA, EPS, NPM, DPR, and DPS have no effect on stock returns. PBV has a significant positive effect on stock returns. Exchange rate, inflation, and DY variables have a significant negative effect on stock returns. Simultaneously, exchange rate, inflation, interest rate, capital expenditure, CR, TATO, ROE, PER, DER, ROA, EPS, PBV, NPM, DPR, DPS, and DY all affect stock returns.

Strategi Pengembangan Rumah Bolon Sebagai Destinasi Wisata di Kecmatan Purba, Kabupaten Simalungun

The development of Rumah Bolon is faced with the lack of human resources who understand the importance of tourism awareness, lack of support to improve infrastructure and the development budget is still a major problem for the village community to develop tourism objects and make the village advanced to become a tourist village. The objectives of this research are 1) to know the management strategy for the development of Rumah Bolon as a tourist destination; 2) to know the development strategy of Rumah Bolon. The research methods used were questionnaires and FGDs which were then analysed using IFAS and EFAS and SWOT analysis. From the research findings, it is known that 1) the authenticity of Rumah Bolon; 2) the traditional social life of the community; 3) customs and traditions that are still maintained; 4) traditional ceremonies are still often held; and 5) the sacredness of the Bolon House area is a potential that can make Rumah Bolon a tourist destination. The IFAS and EFAS analysis shows a score of 2.07 for strengths, 1.78 for weaknesses and 1.40 for opportunities and 1.53 for threats. In the SWOT diagram, Rumah Bolon is positioned in Quadrant II. Diversification (x-axis 0.14 and y-axis -0.06) which means that Bolon House is in a position that has threats but still has strengths, to minimise these threats the strategy that can be used is the ST strategy.

Patronage and low competency of members as causes of weak implementation of the functions of the village consultative body in realizing a self-governing community

Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages mandates the Village Consultative Body (BPD) as a partner of the village government in empowering village communities to achieve self-governing communities. Referring to the Village Development Index (IDM) in Malang Regency, even though there are no villages classified as very underdeveloped or underdeveloped, there are still more than 61.6% (233 villages) classified as developing, while there are 33.1% (125 villages) classified as developed, and 5.3% (20 villages) are classified as independent. Departing from this phenomenon, this research aims to describe how the BPD functions are implemented in villages classified as developing in Malang Regency under the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2014. Using a qualitative approach, research data collection was carried out using depth-interview and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. Data analysis uses the stages proposed by Cresswell. The research results indicate that the implementation of the functions and roles of BPD in the research object villages is less effective. Patronage and the low competence and capacity of the average BPD members, as a result of a less focused election process, minimal education, training, and technical guidance, and a very inadequate development budget, are the causes of the ineffective implementation of the roles and functions of BPD members. The ineffective function of the BPD breaks hopes for increased democratization and participation of village communities in efforts to achieve a self-governing community in Malang Regency.

Continuation of Learning During COVID-19 Situation in Nepal

This study explored the obstacles and ways of continuation for learning faced by school teachers during and after the COVID-19 situation. The quantitative cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. All the school teachers of Nepal were the population for this study and the sample size was 226. The online survey method was adopted for the data collection tools. A set of closed and open-ended questionnaires were distributed to respondents and data was collected using Google Forms. The study seeks the relationship between the independent variables (age, experience of teaching, school location, teacher’s residence, access to the internet, access to digital devices, knowledge about ICTs interest in online teaching) and dependent variables (continuation of online teaching). It was found that the community teaching and homework/ assignment methods were applicable to the rural areas. Continuing online teaching would be inconvenient for the students who had no internet access. According to the teacher's response, it was found that about 90% of students had no access to the internet. Although online teaching was suitable for the COVID-19 situation, it was biased for the maximum number of students. The teacher's interest and the obstacles in the online class and continuation of learning are significantly co-related (0.003 and 0.000 respectively). There was no significant difference between male and female teachers in continuation for online learning but a greater percentage of males are involved in online classes than females. The experienced teachers equally continued their learning of digital skills. There was a problem with the internet/ wifi/ 3G/ 4G network in rural areas. Teacher adjusted their teaching and learning activities even if they had no access to a laptop. The study concludes that teachers are ready for online classes and they regularly update their digital skills with changing times but digital divides created a serious problem with conducting online classes. So, the Government of Nepal should pay attention to teacher training, integration of digital skills in the curriculum, and proper allocation of budget for infrastructure development.

Efektivitas Tahapan Pengelolaan Keuangan Terhadap Pembangunan Desa Di Desa Kauditan Satu Kecamatan Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of village financial management stages for village development in Kauditan Satu Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months, from May to July 2023. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The sampling method used Purposive Sampling and Accidental Sampling with a sample of 30 respondents. The variable being measured is village financial management based on Law no. 6 Year 20 14, namely the stages of planning, implementation and supervision as well as analysis of financial ratios. The data analysis method used in this study is qualitative and quantitative. The research results obtained show the stages of village financial management towards village development in Kauditan Satu Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency based on village financial management based on Law Number 6 of 2014 starting from the planning stage, the implementation stage up to the monitoring stage can be said to have been effective , So that with the effective stages of financial management the calculation of the effectiveness ratio is said to have been effective in managing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) for village development by producing an average from 2018-2022 of 100%.

Data Visualization of Development Improvement and Budget Assistance for Village Residents Using the R Studio Program in Jombatan Village, Jombang District

Indonesia is a country that implements a regional self-government system, where each region is given the freedom to manage an exclusive area. This sovereignty does not only apply at the provincial and regional levels but also includes villages. Implementing "Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages marks the beginning of a new era in village financial management". This law increases village income by allocating the Village Budget sourced from the State Budget (APBN). Village financial management is expected to be carried out more transparently, and accountably, and involve the population's participation. Village financial management includes all activities consisting of planning, implementation, management, reporting, and accountability of village finances.

Menganalisis Pengelolaan Manajemen Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan: Strategi, Faktor Penghambat, dan Solusi Pada Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Raudhatul Jannah

Educational staff management is the process of planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling teachers and all components within an educational institution to achieve objectives effectively and efficiently. This article uses a descriptive and qualitative approach by collecting primary and secondary data through interviews, observations, and documentation. The main issues examined in this research are considerations in the placement and assignment of educational staff, as well as the impact of financial conditions on the management of educational staff. The purpose of this research is to find solutions to existing problems in the management of educational staff so that these issues can be addressed. The results of the study show that in the placement and assignment of educational staff, factors that need to be considered include educational background, teaching experience, competence, and the needs of the institution. Additionally, financial conditions significantly influence the management of educational staff, including the provision of facilities, professional development, and teacher welfare. To address these problems, strategic efforts are needed, such as thorough planning of educational staff needs, the development of a transparent evaluation and promotion system, and the adequate allocation of budgets for teacher welfare and professional development. Thus, the management of educational staff can run more effectively and efficiently, allowing educational goals to be optimally achieved.

Navigating Cyber Perils in Bhutan: Challenges and Opportunities

Over a decade, Bhutan witnessed massive digital transformation in various sectors offering numerous opportunities, but at the same time, this has also brought in a considerable share of cybersecurity threats and challenges. By reviewing and analysing information related to cybersecurity from various sources, such as journals, news articles, press releases, websites, and annual reports of government agencies related to Bhutan’s cybersecurity, this study identified the prominent vulnerabilities, challenges, and opportunities, and explored the mitigation strategies. It was determined that the cybersecurity threat landscape of Bhutan is dynamic and multifaceted, ranging from online scams, phishing attacks, malware infections, vulnerabilities in systems, and a lack of security awareness among the general population. Bhutan has made noticeable efforts towards cyber threat mitigation which includes improving cybersecurity awareness at various levels, collaborating with stakeholders both at national and international levels, and implementing guiding strategies. However, there are still significant challenges being faced in terms of limited allocations of budget for infrastructure and human resource development and management. In addition, penetrating security awareness at the grassroots level is a prominent challenge. There are also opportunities to work towards maintaining and retaining a technical talent pool and implementing the national cybersecurity strategy. This article provides insights into Bhutan’s cybersecurity landscape and offers recommendations for addressing current challenges and building capabilities to combat cyber threats effectively.

Analysis of Export Opportunities and Performance in India

Export refers to a product or service produced in one country but sold to a buyer abroad. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, growth and occur on a large scale between nations. India's share of merchandise exports amounted to around 1.6 percent of the total global exports. Moreover, the share of commercial service exports from the country was higher at 3.5 percent during that same period. Exports have played an increasingly important role in India’s economic growth in the last two decades. Increasing demand and Growing population have an immense scope for international trade. Through international trade countries have started to export their surplus commodities that are produced to satisfy the unlimited and scare wants of the particular commodity in another country. In this paper we will be go through various opportunities available for exports from India. We could significantly expand markets, increase economic growth and opportunities, leaving less dependent on any single one. Greater production can lead to larger economies of scale and better margins. Research and development budget could work harder as you can change existing products to suit new markets. Exports provide the basis for sustainable development by earning necessary foreign exchange for the country to import necessary products. India has a wealthy history of International trade and is steadily working to harvest the benefits in the best possible manner. Growth of any developing country is direct related to its exports. If exports are greater than imports then nothing can stop a country from being a developed one. But on the other hand if there is instability in exports or if the exports of any developing country are less than its imports then it adversely affect the process of its economic development. Decrease in exports means low foreign exchange earnings which means less purchasing capacity of a country in the international market

The risk paradox: Exploring asymmetric nexus between climate policy uncertainty and renewable energy technology budgets.

The ups and downs of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) cast a captivating shadow over the budgets allocated to renewable energy (RE) technologies, where strategic choices and risk assessment will determine the course of our green environmental revolution. The main intention of this investigation is to scrutinize the effect of CPU on the RE technology budgets (RETBs) in the top 10 countries with the highest RE research and development budgets (the USA, China, South Korea, India, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Australia, and Italy). Although former researchers have typically employed panel data tools to contemplate the connection between CPU and RE technology, they repeatedly ignored variations in this connection throughout different economies. In contrast, our research adopts a unique approach, "quantile-on-quantile," to check this association at the country-to-country level. This approach offers a comprehensive worldwide perspective while procuring tailor-made perceptions for individual economies. The outcomes suggest that CPU significantly decreases RETBs across several data quantiles in our sample nations. In addition, the outcomes underscore that the connections between our variables differ among nations. These outcomes highlight the significance of policymakers implementing thorough appraisals and skillfully governing plans relevant to CPU and RETBs.

Systematic Review And Analysis Of Risk Management In Port Construction Projects

In construction projects, there will be no good risks or any risks. In this potential risk will cause problems, the smaller the potential risk faced, the smaller the problem and a large increase in the construction project from the budget and implementation of development. Moreover, the greater the risk, the bigger the problem and the smaller the profit, if not handled properly, it will hinder the development. Based on this research, the risks taken are in several categories, the most important risk is the technical project of 14 journals, then the second place is the technical internal risk of 7 journals. In this study, several journals were analyzed based on the category of Indonesia and China, with 3 journals and the second in Greece with 2 journals. Journals based on an analysis of the category of object themes in industry are 48%, then second in academics are 24%.

The Impact of Digital Entrepreneurship on Digital Leadership to Improve the Project Management of Solar Projects

The current study aimed to research the impact of digital entrepreneurship on digital leadership to improve the project management of solar projects, The study relied on the descriptive approach. The study population consisted of all project managers in solar energy companies in Jordan, pproximately 2,000 project managers in solar companies in Jordan. the study sample suggestion based on Laplace's equation is to randomly select 385 project managers from the study population. The results of the study shows that the mean values of the study sample's estimations were high for the independent variable (digital entrepreneurship), the overall mean was (4.08) with a high estimation score, also the mean values of the study sample's estimations were moderate for the dependent variable (digital leadership), and the overall mean was (3.05) with a moderate estimation score, the mean values of the study sample's estimations were moderate for the (project management for solar projects) variable, the overall mean was (3.60). Based on the findings of this study, the following recommends to conduct needs assessments to identify required hardware, software, and network upgrades, allocate sufficient budget for IT infrastructure development, and ensure reliable internet connectivity to support digital solutions.

Approaching road design from a sustainability perspective

The construction industry began emphasizing the three major pillars of sustainable development after the 1987 Brundtland Report. Sustainable design methodologies focus on life-cycle costs and the associated impacts of construction, operation, and maintenance. Maintaining road infrastructure accounts for a significant portion of the development budget owing to recurring costs, construction, and material extraction, while also resulting in other difficulties for the society. Poor road quality induce increased cost of living and degraded quality of life. Owing to front-end costs, road owners are typically motivated to pursue designs focused on the project’s initial cost. This is primarily attributable to a lack of understanding of sustainable development parameters. Life cycle cost attempts to quantify the environmental costs of sustainable construction. However, societal factors have been generally ignored. Currently, road section design is open to the designers’ choice of conventional unreinforced sections or a wide variety of planar and three-dimensional geosynthetic reinforcements. This study defined quantitative and scaled qualitative measures for designing road infrastructure using a sustainable approach. The methodology was explained using a full-scale real-life road project.

Does lower water availability limit stem CO2 efflux of oak and hornbeam coppices?

Recent changes in water availability can be crucial for the development, growth and carbon budget of forests. Therefore, our aim was to determine the effect of reduced throughfall and severe summer drought on stem CO2 efflux as a function of temperature and stem increment. Stem CO2 efflux was measured using the chamber method on oak and hornbeam under four treatments: coppice, thinned coppice, and both coppice and thinned coppice with 30 %-reduced throughfall. The first year of the experiment had favourable soil water availability and the second year was characterized by a dry summer. While reduced throughfall had no effect on stem CO2 efflux, the summer drought decreased efflux by 43-81 % during July and August. The stem CO2 efflux was reduced less severely (by 13-40 %) in September when the drought persisted but the stem increment was already negligible. The stem increment was also strongly affected by the drought, which was reflected in its paired relationship with stem CO2 efflux over the two experimental years. The study showed that summer dry periods significantly and rapidly reduce stem CO2 efflux, whereas a constant 30 % rainfall reduction needs probably a longer time to affect stem properties, and indirectly stem CO2 efflux.