Budget Allocation Research Articles

The Different Strategies of the Italian Regions within the 2023 2027 Rural Development Programme

Following the European Commission’s approval of the CAP Strategic Plan and the 21 Italian region (CSR)-related strategic documents, the financial aspect that characterized the single national CAP plan was made available. Here, we present and analyze the final data on the distribution of public resources for interventions between 2023 and 2027. This marks a pivotal period of strategic information for those who follow the evolution of the rural development policy, providing vital indications of policymakers’ priorities. In Italy, where rural development policy is highly regionalized, it is difficult to acquire an overall view of the strategic choices adopted by the individual regions. The primary objective of this article is to offer a comprehensive and enlightening synopsis of the regional choices in the CSRs. It aims to identify shared strategic paths in rural development, with a specific focus on the financial allocation in each of the three historical macro-objectives of the CAP: the competitiveness of the agri-food sector, the protection of the environment, and the revitalization of rural areas. Cluster analysis classification allows for aggregating the strategies adopted, allowing for comparisons across the Italian regions. The results show three regional groups focused on environmental strategy, structural investment measures, and resource distribution that is more balanced between these two approaches. Identifying the strategic choices made by the regions allows policymakers to predict different development trajectories and the progress of the expenditure indicators over the years. At the moment, it is impossible to verify whether the policy mix defined in the budget allocation is consistent with the strategic statements.

Policy Windows and Protests: Black Lives Matter Protests and Calls to Defund the Police in the United States

The murder of George Floyd fueled local level protests calling to defund the police. The study examines if a policy window was opened for decreased allocations to police department funding after the murder of George Floyd and the protests. The study focuses on 26 politically left-leaning cities with a population of 100,000 or more that had protests with at least 500 people in the United States. Budget allocation to each city’s police department were examined using descriptive statistics to determine if the budget allocation to police departments changed following the protests. The results show that 19% of cities in the study decreased funding to police departments in 2021, and 50% cities decreased funding to police departments in 2022. The results support the argument that a national focusing event can open a policy window for changes to local level budget allocation by connecting the concept of policy windows to the open systems theory of budgeting. However, cities remain constrained by circumstances in their external environment, meaning some cities were not able to reduce resource allocations to police departments. These constraints include counter actions by state governments to prevent reducing the allocation of funds to police departments and increasing crime rates. This research presents insights into local government budgetary decision-making in response to a national focusing event.

Critical success factors for implementing Industry 4.0 in Aerospace and Defense: A systematic literature review

In recent years, technologies have made significant progress due to the increased availability of larger data sets, more powerful computing performance, and more significant budget allocations. However, many implications and concerns about the successful global implementation of Aerospace and Defense Industry 4.0 solutions remain. This study systematically reviews published Industry 4.0 studies in Aerospace and Defense articles to understand the critical components to implement smart technologies successfully. The review also included investigating Industry 4.0 definitions, technologies, implementation factors, and empirical studies using Industry 4.0 solutions in Aerospace and Defense. The study found records from 2015 to 2022 using multiple databases. The findings indicate ample research in organizations working toward digital transformation and model-based engineering, specifically in manufacturing, research and development, logistics, surveillance, reconnaissance, intelligence, and command and control. The results also emphasize the need for empirical evidence related to implementing Industry 4.0 and additional research on Industry 4.0 in Aerospace and Defense settings. The literature review includes a bibliometric analysis to assess the maturity of the topics and articles and a thematic analysis to investigate the critical success factors identified in the literature.

Impact of leaders’ public service motivation on educational equity

There is growing concern that discriminatory access to education depending on socioeconomic status is becoming increasingly difficult and costly to resolve. This study highlights high school principals’ public service motivation (PSM) to reduce gaps in academic achievement. Using the data from a survey of high school principals in Korea in 2018 and conducting a series of interviews, this study explores how principals’ PSM influences educational equity for the socially underprivileged students. The results suggest that three dimensions of PSM (attraction to public participation, compassion, and self-sacrifice) are significantly related to increasing budget allocation for students’ equity. The study concludes with suggestions for further research and presents possible alternatives to enhance educational equity for students.

The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Development Performance in West Kalimantan with Opportunistic Behavior as a Mediating Variable

This study aims to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on development performance in West Kalimantan Province with opportunistic behavior as a mediating variable. The background of this research is the importance of fiscal decentralization as a policy instrument to encourage regional development. However, there are concerns that opportunistic behavior in regional financial management can reduce the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization. The research method used is panel data analysis that combines time series and cross-section data from 14 districts/cities in West Kalimantan during the 2017-2022 period. The results of the study show that budget allocation does not have a significant influence on opportunistic behavior but has a significant positive effect on economic performance, while transfer funds actually increase fiscal opportunistic behavior and significantly negatively affect economic performance. In addition, opportunistic fiscal behavior has been proven to reduce regional economic performance. These findings underscore the importance of better fiscal management to minimize opportunistic behavior and maximize the benefits of fiscal decentralization.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DATA ECONOMY

The article presents the results of a study aimed at analyzing information and communication technologies and their impact on the development of an enterprise in the data economy. The idea is substantiated that the need for a systematic approach to the formation of the digital environment has led to a change in the indicators for evaluating the use of information and communication technologies. The main research method is the analysis of Rosstat data for the period from 2005 to 2022. It is noted that during the period under review, the composition of indicators has significantly expanded, since all economic entities have access to new digital technologies, but at the same time cross-cutting indicators have been identified, which has significantly increased the time period for analyzing indicators. Some particular indicators of the involvement of economic entities in digitalization are considered. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that access to high-speed Internet allows a digital economy entity to be involved in data exchange with the digital environment (there is an annual increase in the percentage of organizations with access to broadband Internet), the organization's website positions it in the digital space (the percentage of organizations with a website increases annually). It is noted that important indicators for assessing readiness for digitalization are the number of personal computers per one hundred employees of an organization (annual growth) and the costs of organizations for information technology (measured in billions of rubles and increasing annually). It is determined that the driver of digital transformation is the state and the interdependence of the volume of budget allocations for the implementation of the State program «Digital Economy» and the dynamics of GDP is studied. The results of the study are summarized and conclusions are drawn about the future prospects of digitalization of enterprises in the data economy.

Assessing the Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A VECM Approach

The yearly budgetary allocation on subsidy in Nigeria has remained a concern for policymakers and other agents of the economy as to whether it has achieved the targeted goal of economic growth in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the impact fuel subsidy payments had on economic growth in Nigeria from 2005 to 2023. Secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bullentin, the World Bank World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) working paper. The data were converted into quarterly data for ease of analysis and estimation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was used as the dependent variable while Fuel Subsidy Expenditure (FSE), Exchange Rate (EXC) and Inflation Rate (INF) were the independent variables. The long run relationship among the variables was confirmed using the Johansen Co-integration technique while the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique of analysis was adopted for estimation of the data. The study found that a negative significant relationship exists between fuel subsidy expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria within the period under study. The study therefore recommends a re-direction of government expenditure on subsidy to other critical area of the economy that can propel the growth of the economy.

Agenda of Federal System in Nepal: Nexus of Fiscal Federalism and Controlled Corruption

This research critically assesses Nepal's fiscal federalism, focusing on the interconnectedness of budget allocation, spending, revenue generation, and corruption at the provincial level. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights to evaluate how weaknesses in fiscal management erode public trust in federalism. The findings show that while decentralizing power and resources is a core objective of the federal system, provincial governments remain heavily dependent on federal transfers due to limited internal revenue generation. The study reveals that provinces fall short of meeting public expectations, primarily due to insufficient and poorly managed expenditure capacities, resulting in substantial underperformance. Additionally, the research identifies a significant correlation between increased budget allocation and corruption, highlighting that higher public spending often leads to financial misconduct. This is reflected in unspent budgets and frequent misuse of public funds, which amplify public dissatisfaction with the federal system. The study emphasizes the need for improved fiscal autonomy, stronger accountability frameworks, and more effective resource-sharing mechanisms to enhance the efficiency of provincial governments and address rising concerns about the viability of federalism.

Decentralized planning for non-communicable diseases: protocol for an explanatory study of local self-government projects in Kerala, India

Background: Priority setting and resource allocation in decentralised planning is often not in line with the social and economic burden associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD). This is a protocol developed for the purpose of analysing the pattern of budgetary allocation and utilisation of funds for health sector projects on non-communicable diseases by the local self-government (LSG) institutions in Kerala. It is also proposed to document the processes along with the stakeholders’ role in planning. Methods: Following explanatory design, first we will do secondary data analysis of health sector projects on NCD fund allocation and utilisation, followed by document analysis and key informant interviews in LSGs at selected districts of Kerala. Following policy framework used in public health related policy processes, will perform descriptive analysis, based on stages heuristic in decentralised planning. Multiple dimensions of priority setting and allocation process will be studied. Explanatory analysis for resource allocation process will be studied using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework. Conclusions: The study will help in understanding the decision-making process for fund allocation with the specific focus on NCD. It will also help in building an evidenced based framework for decentralized health planning. Trial Registration: No: SCT/IEC/1849/FEBRUARY/2022.

Utilization and associated determinants of multi-sectoral approach in zoonotic disease surveillance among animal and human healthcare workers in Nakuru County, Kenya

Background Zoonoses are naturally transmissible between humans and animals. Globally, they account for more than 60% of human infections, 75% of emerging infections, 2.7 million human deaths, and 10% of the total DALYs lost yearly in Africa. In the last three decades, Kenya has had sporadic outbreaks of zoonoses. To increase the speed of reporting and efficiencies in detection and control, a multi-sectoral collaboration in zoonotic disease surveillance (MZDS) between human and animal health workers is essential. In an effort, Zoonotic disease unit (ZDU) in Kenya has been established at national and county levels. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the level of utilization of multisectoral collaboration and its associated determinants in zoonotic disease surveillance among animal and human healthcare workers in Nakuru County. Quantitative data was gathered from 102 participants and qualitative data from 5 key informants. To test for significant differences, Chi-square and independent t-test were used. Results MZDS utilization level was 16% and the factors associated with MZDS utilization include; knowing what MZDS entails, education level, sector affiliation, trainings, supportive infrastructure, budget allocation and data storage. Lack of financing and poor coordination are hindrances to MZDS. Conclusion There is need to finance MZDS activities, strengthen coordination mechanisms, carry out more sensitization and trainings among animal and human healthcare workers.

Mitigating Stunting in Semarang City, Indonesia: A Comprehensive Approach to Better Health and Well-Being

Background: Among the 29 districts and 6 cities in Central Java, Semarang City stands out as the urban area with the most substantial reduction in stunting prevalence over a year (2021-2022), from 21,3% to 10.4%, while numerous regions continue to grapple with challenges in lowering rates of stunting. Aims: This study aims to investigate Semarang City's comprehensive strategy for mitigating stunting. Methods: This study used a qualitative case study approach. Utilizing focus group discussions (FGD) and document analysis, representatives from 16 diverse sectors, including health, education, religion, social services, food security, and more, engaged in discussions to synchronize activities and policies to achieve the common goal of stunting reduction. Simultaneously, a comprehensive document analysis was conducted, reviewing relevant documents, reports, and policies across 16 districts in Semarang City. Data analysis employed Miles et al.'s interactive model, involving data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Results: The success of stunting reduction in Semarang City is highlighted by relevant regulations, an updated and accurate statistical database, intensive cross-sector coordination, and a synchronized effort across diverse sectors. Furthermore, the city's prudent financial planning is evident through sufficient and on-target budget allocations dedicated to stunting reduction programs. Conclusion: The research the importance of ongoing commitment, adaptability, and collaborative efforts to achieve the ambitious goal of zero stunting by 2024 in Semarang City, suggesting future studies focus on program effectiveness and long-term sustainability.

Trajectory-aware privacy-preserving method with local differential privacy in crowdsourcing

In spatial crowdsourcing services, the trajectories of the workers are sent to a central server to provide more personalized services. However, for the honest-but-curious servers, it also poses a challenge in terms of potential privacy leakage of the workers. Local differential privacy (LDP) is currently the latest technique to protect data privacy. However, most of LDP-based schemes have limitations in providing good utility due to extensive noise in perturbing trajectories. In this work, to balance the privacy and utility, we propose a novel pattern-aware privacy protection method called trajectory-aware privacy-preserving with local differential privacy (TALDP). The key idea is that, rather than applying the same degree of perturbation to all location points, we employ adaptive privacy budget allocation, assigning varied privacy budgets to individual location points, thereby mitigating the perturbation’s impact and enhancing overall utility. Meanwhile, to ensure the privacy, we give the different perturbing points to different privacy budgets according to their important degree for the patterns of the trajectories. In particular, we use Karman filter method to select the important location points and decide their privacy budgets. We conduct extensive experiments on three real datasets. The results show that our approach improves the utility over many other current methods while still provide good the privacy protection.

Feasibility Study for a Commercial Space Station in Low Earth Orbit

Space exploration demands innovative solutions. Currently, this sector is financially driven by governmental agencies with the support of industry partners. However, a paradigm shift will be observed with the planned de-orbiting of the International Space Station (ISS). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spends $3.1 billion on ISS operations. Nevertheless, as per the ISS Transition Report 2022, switching to a self-sustaining Commercial Space Station (CSS) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) could save the agency approximately $1.8 billion annually by 2033. This figure is derived from the difference between NASA's current ISS operational costs and the projected costs of utilizing a CSS. These savings could allow room for industry growth and create new global opportunities for human space exploration while enabling governmental agencies to refocus on upcoming lunar missions.NASA's expected contribution to CSS development costs is estimated to be a portion of the overall development costs, with the rest likely coming from private investments and other funding sources. NASA's investment in the CSS development can be considered a sunk cost, as it may not be repaid directly but is expected to generate returns on investment through savings on operational costs and by fostering growth in the space industry.Upcoming stations like Orbital Reef, Axiom Station, and Starlab cater to diverse customers and offer prospects for scientific research, in-space manufacturing, space tourism, creative industries and education. However, research is necessary to ensure their financial viability. This study aims to evaluate a CSS’s financial and economic feasibility, focusing on potential new businesses and how to achieve a self-sustaining business park in space. This assessment encompasses analyzing costs, funding sources, market and competitor trends, business models, and revenue streams while focusing on legal, political, and cultural factors.Our findings reveal that space-based research will likely be LEO’s most significant revenue generator within the decade, thanks to existing government grants and contracts. NASA's $1.8 billion annual expenditure on LEO activities could meet its requirements for research, technology development, and training. However, potential implications may arise if this expenditure proves insufficient. In such cases, NASA might need to reevaluate its budget allocation, seek additional funding, or collaborate more extensively with private entities to ensure its LEO requirements are met. A shortfall in expenditure could potentially impact the pace of technology development and affect NASA's ability to conduct research and maintain its presence in LEO.According to Deloitte, space tourism could become the most profitable revenue stream at the beginning of the next decade, with an estimated annual revenue of up to $3.3 billion. Furthermore, once the industry overcomes technical challenges and the demand for in-space manufacturing becomes sufficient, it will likely become the primary revenue stream. Finally, our analysis reveals that fine arts, live events, TV Film, and STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education have the potential to generate $242 million as additional revenue streams. In conclusion, this study offers a roadmap of future business prospects and actionable recommendations outlining various activities, demands, and possibilities that can be carried out in a CSS. The report can serve as a general guideline for commercial space entities to leverage emerging prospects in the space industry. Moreover, this study can be a source for space agencies seeking to expand their activities and optimize their resources.

Case Study on the Allocation of Budget by Local Government for Regional University Competitiveness

Case Study on the Allocation of Budget by Local Government for Regional University Competitiveness

Analysis of Village Fund Management in Efforts to Improve Community Welfare in Setuta Janapria Village, Central Lombok 2020-2022

The allocation of village budget in Setuta Village has not been evenly distributed in each region. Unequal management of village funds causes inequality in development and community welfare. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the impact of village fund management on improving community welfare in Setuta Village, Janapria Sub-district, Central Lombok Regency. This descriptive quantitative research uses primary data collected from 44 households as samples. The results showed that the management of village funds in Setuta Village was not fully in accordance with applicable regulations. The impact of village fund management on community welfare is in the medium category. The positive impact of village fund management can be seen in the education sector, health, health services, and settlement facilities such as the provision of clean water sources for the community. However, the management of village finances has not yet had a significant impact on increasing income, expenses, living conditions, and transportation facilities.

The Politics of Social Policy Implementation: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Uneven Development in India

Since the onset of the twenty-first century, India has initiated various social welfare programs to provide social protection for the people who have been marginalized from the formal social safety net. Since 2005, legislation has granted a series of social rights to marginalized rural households. Among these rights-based welfare programs, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) stands out as the flagship initiative of India’s new welfare system. It has targeted marginalized informal rural households, who have not enjoyed the fruits of the social safety net, by formally granting them the right to employment. It has also incorporated new governance ideas such as a demand-driven approach, decentralized implementation, and social audit to increase accountability and transparency. The MGNREGA has emerged as the largest social welfare scheme in terms of budget allocation and coverage, yielding positive outcomes such as increased beneficiary incomes, advancement of gender equality, and creation of assets in rural areas. Nonetheless, despite the expansion of the MGNREGA all over India, policy outcomes have been uneven between the states in terms of participation rates, the relationship between poverty level and participation, and cumulative average person-days per household. This prompts the question: why does the MGNREGA produce superior policy outcomes in certain states but not in others? By delving into the politics surrounding policy implementation at the local level, this paper argues that the degree of goal congruence between policy implementers shapes divergent policy outcomes.

Analysis of the Effect of Education Fund Budget on Performance Accountability and Transparency in School Fund Management (Cirebon City)

This research aims to analyze the influence of the education budget on performance accountability and transparency in fund management in Cirebon City schools. Using a quantitative approach, this study examines the relationship between education budget allocation and two important aspects in school management, performance accountability and transparency of fund management. Data was collected from school financial reports and surveys conducted among schools and financial managers in schools in Cirebon City. The results of the analysis show that, with a data sample of 14, with 25 total respondents, there is a significant positive correlation between the education budget and performance accountability (r = 1) and transparency of fund management (r = 0.982). These findings confirm that efficient allocation and use of the education budget not only increases accountability for school performance but also strengthens transparency in fund management. Survey responses, which range from 0 (disagree) to 1 (agree) on a rating scale, indicate positive perceptions of existing financial management practices. This study provides empirical evidence about the importance of good education budget management as a tool for improving the quality of education, especially in Cirebon city schools.

Ten Year Evaluation of JKN: Strengthening Primary Health Care for National Resilience

This study evaluates the achievements of the National Health Insurance (JKN) over the past ten years, focusing on strengthening primary healthcare for national health system resilience. Launched on January 1, 2014, JKN aims for equitable healthcare access for all Indonesians, with participants reaching over 220 million by 2023. JKN has increased basic health service coverage, including immunization, maternal and child care, and treatment of diseases. Primary healthcare's role is vital in disease prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and chronic disease management. Case studies highlight successful outreach programs. Challenges include funding deficits, uneven service quality, and lack of medical personnel in remote areas. Recommendations include increased budget allocations, incentive policies, continuous training, integration of services, effective health information systems, and community participation

토픽모델링에 기반한 R&D 투자 포트폴리오 분석 및 예측

Many countries are identifying crucial technologies for national security and economic growth amid global tech competition, crafting cross-departmental strategies to pursue them. We propose a platform for analyzing and predicting R&D investment portfolios based on government R&D project information and investment data to provide scientific evidence for strategic budget allocation. The proposed platform consists of the following four processes. First, topic modeling and project labeling are performed using project-related text data. Second, we propose a method for calculating the importance of each label based on the centered log ratio (CLR) transformation. Third, we predict the label importance for the next year using linear regression and Holt's linear trend method. Fourth, we propose a method for constructing investment portfolio in specific fields. Real data analysis demonstrates the explanability and predictability of the proposed platform by using research project data spanning 11 years from 2012 to 2022. We believe a novelty of the proposed method can contribute to the establishment of data-driven R&D investment portfolios.

PENERAPAN SISTEM MERIT DALAM MANAJEMEN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA MAGELANG

The merit system is an important factor in bureaucratic reform which aims to create ASN who are professional and have integrity to create government administration that is effective, efficient, transparent and free from political intervention. Independent assessment of the implementation of the merit system is a measuring tool to ensure the merit system is carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. BKPSDM Magelang Municipality has started implementing a merit system in personnel management since 2021, and continues to improve every year. This research aims to determine the extent to which the merit system is implemented by BKPSDM Magelang Municipality in personnel management. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data/information collection techniques are carried out through interviews and document studies. Data analysis by means of data reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that BKPSDM Magelang Municipality has succeeded in achieving increased implementation of the merit system due to strong support and commitment from the leadership. However, BKPSDM Magelang Municipality needs to make improvements in budget allocation, commitment from agency leaders, and increase awareness and understanding of civil servants as well as synergy with stakeholders in order to implement a merit system in personnel management.