Budget Transparency Research Articles

Remittances and emigration intentions: Evidence from Armenia

AbstractEmigration intentions and effects of international migration constitute important yet understudied directions of contemporary migration research. In this paper, we analyse a recent migration wave in Armenia, using household‐level representative data from 2011. We identify determinants of emigration intentions within a model framework with endogenous remittances, instrumented by community‐level factors such as budget revenue, budget transparency and community remoteness. We find that remittances help potential migrants to ease the migration process, serving as a resource rather than as a contractual tool between migrants and non‐migrants. Also, remittance recipients with high emigration intentions are more likely to be located in poor communities. When distinguishing the destination country for potential migrants, post‐Soviet versus Western countries (EU countries or USA), we find that the instruments identified for remittances are more relevant for individuals targeting the post‐Soviet area (mainly Russia). Nevertheless, remittances remain a significant resource for migrating to Western countries. The two pools of potential migrants considerably differ in the main set of skill characteristics: high‐skilled potential migrants opt for Western countries (brain drain), while the low‐skilled prefer post‐Soviet countries as a destination. We discuss our results from the socio‐economic development perspective, such as the threat of chain migration inherent to poor communities and the whole country. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between migration and remittances for countries with similar settings.

Do e-government initiatives and e-participation affect the level of budget transparency?

This study investigates if and to what extent budget transparency is affected by e-government initiatives and e-participation. Using a sample of 97 countries for the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2017, empirical findings showed that the hypothesized relationships do exist. These results suggest that interpreting budgeting in terms of mere compliance with laws and regulations is insufficient in the current digital era, and a public value framework is needed. Considering the different roles played by the budget, the accountability dimension seems vital for facilitating the greater involvement of citizens.

Online Open Budget: The Effects of Budget Transparency on Budget Efficiency

The government budget should be operated efficiently and democratically to promote economic development and social welfare. This article investigates the claim that budget transparency can improve budget efficiency. Based on the 2017 introduction of the online open budget system in South Korea as an example, the difference-in-difference examination reveals that budget transparency reduces the size of the unused budget, an indicator of budget inefficiency. A battery of robustness tests supports this result. Moreover, improving budget efficiency has a more significant effect when budget projects are at the risk of agency problems. Our findings suggest that budget transparency through the online open budget system can enhance budget efficiency by encouraging the public's participation and alleviating the principal-agent problem.

Budget transparency as an important condition for strengthening the financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities

The article characterizes theoretical principles of the impact of budget transparency on ensuring the financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities determined by the ability of their authorities to finance in full the spending powers for solving social and cultural needs of the daily life of both individual residents and the community in general at the expense of the financial resources formed in local budgets. The content of a number of interrelated key characteristics (transparency, openness, timeliness, accountability, credibility) and types of budget transparency (political, economic, procedural, public, regulatory, institutional) is highlighted and revealed, taking into account the key areas of their manifestation. Attention is focused on the main problems of budgetary transparency of territorial communities: a decrease in trust and respect for the authorities on the part of citizens, a lack of open dialogue with representatives of the authorities, and a low level of readiness of society to participate in the decision-making process for solving local problems. The article justifies that ensuring the accountability of authorities and effective involvement of the community in the budget process requires the development and implementation of an effective communication strategy at the level of territorial communities, the creation of expert platforms, the spread of the practice of forming local budgets on a participatory basis, the development and launch of complex public finance management systems, and comprehensive evaluation of budget transparency, which would cover all local budgets. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the forms of citizen involvement in managing the finances of territorial communities in terms of the stages of the budget cycle and the possible effects of such participation. The article offers the following directions for strengthening the financial self-sufficiency of the budgets of territorial communities based on the increase in the level of budget transparency - increasing the loyalty and trust of economic agents in the activities of subnational governments, activating the financing of investment projects of local importance due to the increase in participation in the process of planning, formation, and use of local budget baskets, and optimization of the budgetary resources spending due to the growing interest of members of the territorial community in solving issues of local importance.

Determinants of the budgetary transparency of public finance in Thailand's educational sector

Determinants of the budgetary transparency of public finance in Thailand's educational sector

Determinants of the budgetary transparency of public finance in Thailand's educational sector

Determinants of the budgetary transparency of public finance in Thailand's educational sector

THE IMPACT OF STATE BUDGET TRANSPARENCY AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION TO MAINTAIN PUBLIC TRUST

Based on Open Budget Survey 2019 held by International Budget Partnership, Indonesia set new record by getting score 70 in 2019 for budget transparency. However, Indonesia’s score for public participation is only 20 out of 100. Responding to that issue, information dissemination to public is held to create better understanding of the data available. This research will perform multiple linear regression method and in-depth interview to test the significancy of the relationship between public trust and the implementation of budget transparency and information dissemination. This research found that there is a significant effect of the implementation of budget transparency and information dissemination to public trust in Directorate General of Budget, Ministry of Finance Indonesia. This study provides a useful suggestion about transparency and information dissemination in budget data which still needs some improvements related to the wording used in information media, popularity of the publication, access and reusability of the data and the attractiveness of the events.

INCREASING TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLICITY OF UKRAINIAN LOCAL BUDGETS

The article is devoted to the study of directions for increasing transparency and publicity of local budgets. The study substantiates the need to improve the practice of using tools for increasing transparency and publicity, taking into account international experience, as well as identifies ways to increase the efficiency of using these tools in order to ensure the socioeconomic development of regions. The results of the study allow authors to develop directions for improving transparency and publicity of Ukrainian local budgets, which will help increase the efficiency of budgetary resources and the quality of public services.

INCREASING TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLICITY OF UKRAINIAN LOCAL BUDGETS

The article is devoted to the study of directions for increasing transparency and publicity of local budgets. The study substantiates the need to improve the practice of using tools for increasing transparency and publicity, taking into account international experience, as well as identifies ways to increase the efficiency of using these tools in order to ensure the socioeconomic development of regions. The results of the study allow authors to develop directions for improving transparency and publicity of Ukrainian local budgets, which will help increase the efficiency of budgetary resources and the quality of public services.

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Abstract. Publicity and transparency of local budgets promotes dialogue between local governments and citizens, which, in turn, increases citizens' trust in government. By ensuring these two principles of the budget system, it is possible to improve the quality of public services and increase the efficiency of budget process management. Ukraine is currently undergoing a number of reforms (including in the public finance system), which are demonstrating some positive results. Changes may be noted in increasing the level of publicity and transparency of local budgets in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to review key practices that contribute to the publicity and transparency of local budgets, as well as provide recommendations for their further application and improvement. This goal led to the implementation of the following research objectives: (1) to find out the place of publicity and transparency in the system of public finances of Ukraine; (2) to review the leading practices used in Ukraine today; (3) to suggest new practices based on foreign experience in order to increase the level of publicity and transparency of local budgets. The methods used include analysis of secondary data resources, mainly academic literature and analytical reports. The obtained results lead the authors to demonstrate that Ukraine is currently undergoing processes that have a positive impact on increasing the degree of publicity and transparency of local budgets and the public finance system in general. An overview of some of the main practices already used in Ukraine allowed authors to draw conclusions about the sufficient level of publicity and transparency of local budgets. The use of participatory and gender-oriented budgeting, as well as the possibility of further implementation in the future of participatory audit and online tools to consult the public on budget issues, will help increase the level of publicity and transparency of local budgets in Ukraine. A promising direction for further research may be the study of foreign practices along with the assessment of the potential for their implementation in Ukraine. The paper may be useful for practitioners working within the public sector and dealing with budgeting as well as researchers who focus on local budgets and their transparency. Key words: publicity, openness, local budgets, participatory budgeting, gender oriented budgeting, transparency, participatory audit, Ukraine.

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Introduction. Today the issue of openness and transparency of the budget process is widely recognized as being an important factor in developing the democratic society with a high level of public confidence and strong anti-corruption effect. However, in Ukraine despite the constant change in the direction of increasing the transparency of the public sector, the practical implementation of those principles can be quite a challenge. At the moment, the insufficient disclosure of information to ordinary citizens or information being inaccurate, unclear or irrelevant results in a low level of public confidence. The above mentioned drives the search for effective ways to solve existing problems to ensure the transparency of the budget process in Ukraine. Purpose. The paper aims at disclosure of the peculiarities of the budget process taking into account the principles of transparency and openness, tools for analyzing the state of transparency of the budget process in Ukraine at the national and local levels and justification of the role of the public in the budget process. Results. The results show the shortcomings of the budget process implementation in Ukraine under the lack of transparency and openness at all stages, which manifests in the partial access to information, the lack of public hearings and discussions, and general formalization of public activities. The issue of openness and transparence covers not only the full access to the key data on the use of public funds, which must be provided to citizens, but also on the level of certain simplification of budget data for clear understanding for the unsophisticated citizen. The findings also provide insights into the assessment of the transparency level of the local authorities, the public involvement in the process of drafting, reviewing, approving, implementing and reporting on budget policy, which corresponds to a satisfactory level of transparency due to the partial disclosure of information on the budget process. Originality. The outbreak of positive developments in ensuring a transparent and open budget process at every stage was explained due to the fact that despite the transformation of Ukrainian legislation and approximation to the standards of international institutions the mechanism of public participation in the implementation of budget policy is unclear, the effective budget oversight is not guaranteed, overall resulting in some informational secrecy of budgets, mostly the local ones. Conclusion. Transparency of public and local finance management is one of the most important factors in building a democratic society with a high level of public confidence in government, which helps to increase government accountability by providing objective, relevant, accessible information. The level of budget transparency depends not only on the timely disclosure of key information, but also on the involvement of society in budget management and the ability of citizens to really influence the budget process. Creating a comprehensive integration system functioning in the common information space for budget process management can be considered a key element in Ukraine�s transition to an open and transparent budget system. Key words: budget process, openness, transparency, society, local budgets, E-data, publicity, targeted use of budget funds.

Akuntabilitas, Transparansi, Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa Untuk Meningkatkan Good Village Governace

This study aims to analyze the effect of Accountability, Transparency and Community Participation on the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) to improve Good Village Governance (GVG) in West Lombok. The sample of respondents was determined by non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The number of respondents was 108 people who served as Village Head, Village Secretary, Village Treasurer, and Community. Data collection is done by questionnaire. The analysis technique is done by using multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of the accountability research have a positive and significant effect on the management of village fund allocations, as well as transparency has a positive and significant effect on the management of village fund allocations. In contrast, the results of community participation have a positive and insignificant effect on the management of village fund allocations. Practical implications of the research results for village government officials and village heads in West Lombok Regency for the creation of a healthy village fund allocation management. In addition, the formation of an independent village by increasing the village's original income, budget transparency, accountability and transparency.
 Keywords : Accountability, Transparency, Community Participation, Management Of Village Fund Allocation.

National culture and public-sector budgeting: the mediating role of country-level institutions using a structural equation modeling approach

PurposeDespite cultural dimensions being included in hundreds of business and management research studies, there have been relatively few studies in public-sector accounting that include the use of cultural dimensions. It is posited that national cultural variables impact the institutions, which, in turn, have an influence on public-sector budgeting. The study aims to contribute to the literature by examining these relations in 31 countries.Design/methodology/approachThese relationships are empirically evaluated by structural equation modeling using measures of national culture from Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) measures named institutions from the World Bank. Furthermore, measures of public-sector budgeting are evaluated in which public-sector budgeting is classified according to the legislative power of the purse and budget transparency.FindingsGenerally, findings reveal that institutions mediate the relationship among national cultural variables and budgeting at the national level. By that means, budgeting in a given nation is linked to the nation's supporting institutions which, in turn, are influenced by the national culture of those who maintain them. Particularly, power distance and uncertainty avoidance impact budgeting through the full mediation of institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe World Bank's database used for the institutions contained over 200 countries (Kaufmann et al., 2007); the GLOBE cultural database (House et al., 2004) contained data for 62 societies; the public-sector budgeting (Qi and Mensah, 2011) included power of the purse and budgeting transparency country scores for 49 countries and the datasets comprised 31 nations, mostly from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. While smaller than we would have preferred, the size is consistent with other international studies (for instance: Waldman et al., 2006; Kwok and Tadesse, 2006).Practical implicationsThe findings of the paper suggest that any plan to improve a nation's budgeting should consider the links between budgeting, supporting institutions and the culture of those that run them. The formal adoption of new methods and standards by supporting institutions may not be enough without accompanying efforts to transform national culture.Originality/valueThe theoretical contribution of the paper is discussed further in the paper.

Do Financial Markets Value Quality of Fiscal Governance?

We examine the link between the quality of fiscal governance and access to market-based external finance. Stronger fiscal governance is associated with improvements in several indicators of market access, including a higher likelihood of issuing sovereign bonds and having a sovereign credit rating, receiving stronger ratings, and obtaining lower spreads. Using the more granular information on quality of fiscal governance from Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessments for 89 emerging and developing economies, we find that similar indicators of market access are correlated with sound public financial management practices, especially those that improve budget transparency and reporting, debt management, and fiscal strategy.

Budgeting in Bulgaria

This review discusses the significant progress made since the last OECD budget review of Bulgaria in 2009. It begins with a discussion of the institutional and legislative framework for budgeting before addressing fiscal policy and medium-term planning. It then turns to the state budget formulation and execution before discussing transparency and openness in budgeting. It concludes with a discussion of parliament’s role in the budget process and external oversight. Recommendations are made for each of these topics.

THE STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE

The subject of the study is a set of basic theoretical, scientific and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for analyzing trends in the system of international business and increase the effectiveness of institutional support for enterprises participating in international business. In the course of the research such concepts as "foreign economic activity", "international entrepreneurship", "international business" are considered. The latter is proposed to be considered as a system of business processes implemented by business entities outside of their own country and aimed at achieving strategic goals. Research methods. General scientific and special methods are used in the work, which allow to systematically solve problem tasks in the chosen direction of the research. In the course of the research such methods are used as: method of theoretical generalization; system analysis; graphic and analytical methods. Results. An analysis of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the activities of international market players has been made. A comprehensive analysis of the volume, commodity, geographical structure of exports and imports of goods in Ukraine in 2018-2020. It is determined that Ukraine overwhelmingly exports raw materials and imports high-tech goods. Despite the decline in foreign trade, the general trend indicates that exports and imports will grow in the long run. An objective analysis of the functioning of the Ukrainian business system with the help of many world ratings, which allow us to assess the place of Ukraine in the global conditions of development, in comparison with the economies of other countries. As a result of the study, it was determined that Ukraine is inferior to other countries in the world in trade, regulatory policy, national branding, etc., and has the best position in the field of budget transparency. The results of the analysis indicate the need to implement effective organizational and economic principles aimed at improving the quality of Ukraine's business system. The analysis and construction of the profile of the national business system allowed to identify the main problems in the system of international business and begin to form measures to address them. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the theoretical provisions and practical recommendations obtained by the author as a result of the study can be used in developing directions for the transformation of national international business in a crisis.

The relevance of budget transparency for development

This study aims to highlight the relevance of budget transparency in improving human development and fill the gap in the literature, which has traditionally considered the concept of development in economic terms. Here, development refers to levels of knowledge, the possibility of enjoying a long and healthy life and having a decent standard of living. Improving human development is the main point of interest in the assessment of public policy outcomes and this study is focussed on one specific policy, namely, budget transparency. By using a pool of 110 countries for the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017, the empirical results demonstrate a positive effect of the open budget index on the human development index, suggesting that budget transparency is a good way to improve levels of human development. These findings are essential not only for academic debate but also for practitioners because they show transparency as a relevant tool to improve human development. Points for practitioners Budget transparency is a relevant tool to improve human development. Transparency may improve the quality of life through a better quality of governance. The central roles played by transparency and participation coupled with accountability have been confirmed. The complexity of the concept of human development involves, among other things, disclosing information regarding the public policies. Examining budgets, guaranteeing their transparency as well as the transparency of the budgeting process, is highly recommended to improve human development.

Budget Transparency and Fiscal Discipline: An Evaluation on Emerging Economies

Bütçe şeffaflığı, kamu gelirlerinin toplanması ve kamu harcamalarının gerçekleştirilmesine ilişkin süreç ve eylemlerin halka açık olmasını ifade etmektedir. Bütçe şeffaflığının, kamuoyu denetimi yoluyla kamu mali göstergelerinde iyileşme sağlayarak mali disipline pozitif katkı yapması beklenmektedir. İlgili kapsamda çalışmanın amacı bütçe şeffaflığının kamu borçları ve bütçe açığı üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi ve analizidir. Çalışmada şeffaflık göstergesi olarak 2006-2019 dönemine ilişkin bütçe şeffaflık endeksi kullanılmıştır. Yükselen piyasa ekonomileri içerisinde yer alan on iki ülke kapsamında gerçekleştirilen panel FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) ve panel DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Square) analizi sonuçlarına göre bütçe şeffaflığı ile bütçe açığı arasında negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bütçe şeffaflığı ile borç stoku arasında ise pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Şeffaflık ve mali disiplin ilişkisi dâhilinde ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen başkaca bir uygulamalı araştırmaya rastlanmamış olması çalışmanın literatüre katkısını oluşturmaktadır.

Облікове забезпечення транспарентності бюджетного процесу

In terms of implementing the declared principles of openness, transparency and accessibility of the budget process, the importance of reliable and relevant information is updated and the role of the source of such information is strengthened. The study has found that the international concept of accounting for open and transparent information on public finances is not implemented in the legal and accounting system of the domestic budget process in the context of the introduction of relevant IPSAS national public sector accounting regulations (standards). It is proved that reliability and objectivity of published data and indicators are ensured by the management accounting system, which produces the full range of financial and non-financial information to maintain openness and transparency of budgets and public access to public information. It is established that the users of information generated in the system of management accounting of public sector entities in terms of budget management are not only internal (as defined by law), but also external , and the scope of its information flows goes beyond internal accounting. This has necessitated the introduction of proposals to modernize the legal interpretation of management accounting in the context of expanding the range of participants and its scope. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the introduction of management accounting in the accounting system of the public sector is a necessary condition for the transparency of the budget process.

Where Does the Money Go? Creating Transparency in Libraries Operational Budgeting

Operating and personnel budgets encompass the majority of spending in academic libraries, but are often decided with little process or participation. Transparent budget processes for assigning this funding provide the opportunity for widespread clarity and understanding of how budgets are used, and how to acquire funding. The budget model described offers one way to help ensure that every voice in the library has the opportunity to share their ideas for improvements, programs, personnel, and events.