Budget Of Ukraine Research Articles

The Current State Of Personal Property Taxation

A significant portion of local budget revenues is generated from tax revenues derived from individuals' property tax payments. Thus, the property tax levied on individuals is an important factor influencing the development level of the regions in our country. This article highlights the factors affecting property tax volumes and the tax incentives related to its payment. The theoretical and methodological foundations of taxing individuals on property are examined. The components of the property tax are analysed: the tax on real estate, excluding land plots, transport tax, and land use fees. The mechanism for collecting property tax from individuals is discussed under the Tax Code of Ukraine. The fiscal effectiveness of the existing system of property taxation for individuals in Ukraine is analysed, along with the peculiarities caused by the imposition of martial law. In the context of armed aggression against Ukraine, government budget expenditures have significantly increased. Therefore, studying the fiscal function of the property tax on individuals is a pressing issue. The article presents data on the payment of real estate tax by individuals, excluding land plots, transport tax, and land fees, before and after the onset of military actions in Ukraine. The research has established that the volumes of tax revenues from individuals' property taxes are increasing yearly. The research results confirm that the property tax on individuals, under martial law, is a substantial source of funding for local budgets in Ukraine. This underscores the importance and necessity of further enhancing the fiscal function of this tax. It has also been established that the fiscal potential of the property tax on individuals is not fully utilized due to the deficiencies in the existing taxation system. Brief examples of property taxation for individuals, based on the assessed value of such property in foreign countries, are provided. The prospects for reforming the property taxation system for individuals in Ukraine are discussed. Recommendations for reforming the property tax for individuals are formulated to increase its fiscal function.

Методологічне та програмне забезпечення впровадження електронного документообігу на рівні місцевих бюджетів з використанням ІПК “Місцевий бюджет”

Introduction. The effectiveness of local self-government bodies directly depends on the availability of an appropriate information base and the possibility of using digital tools. In conditions of armed conflict, the implementation of electronic documents into the budgetary process at the local level becomes particularly important, as there is a significant risk of document loss and restricted access to them. Problem Statement. Currently, there is a lack of methodology and practice for electronic document circulation at the level of local budgets in Ukraine using corresponding software products. Purpose. The objective is to substantiate the possibilities of implementing electronic document circulation at the level of local budgets using the “ISC Local Budget” software. Methods. Bibliographic analysis, graphical methods, and analysis and synthesis methods were used. The research is based on the existing functionality of “ISC Local Budget” software which was put into experimental operation. Results. Normative documents regulating the main aspects of the budget process at the level of local budgets have been analyzed. It has been noted that they contain relevant provisions foreseeing the possibilities of implementing electronic document circulation. The authors demonstrate the process of electronic document circulation for budget process participants at the local level in “ISC Local Budget” software. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for implementing electronic document circulation in local self-government bodies using “ISC Local Budget” software is highly relevant, as it will contribute to simplifying and optimizing their activities, providing more efficient, transparent, and convenient interaction among participants in the budget process.

Problematic issues in the budget system of Ukraine

The article discusses the problems and shortcomings in Ukraine's budget system. The main factors of inefficient budget execution are considered. The execution of Ukraine's state budget and trends in revenues and expenditures for 2026-2022 are analyzed, and the reasons for non-execution of the state budget are identified. It is determined that to avoid corruption in public administration, it is necessary to develop a set of methods covering all aspects of the system. The directions that will allow the formation of strong and independent anti-corruption agencies and institutions that will expand the powers to combat corruption are indicated. Measures to reform the justice system to enable fair consideration of corruption cases are highlighted. To eliminate financial abuses in Ukraine's budget system, proposals have been made to ensure transparency and openness of public administration. It is determined that innovations, especially technologies, can be used to create more reliable systems for managing public finances. It is proved that the budget system should be the center of internal control and audit within the organization. Strengthening these processes will ensure prompt detection and elimination of potential violations. All these measures should have public support and active participation of citizens in monitoring the conditions for spending budget funds. Only an open and inclusive system can prevent the misuse of funds. It is also proposed to expand Ukrainians' access to information and improve e-government systems, which will reduce corruption and meet ethical standards for civil servants to maintain integrity in public authorities. Possible methods of combating the main obstacles of the budget system have been put forward, and recommendations have been added to normalize the economic and social situation by overcoming problematic issues that negatively affect the state of the country. The main problem – inefficient distribution of budget funds – has been studied. In the example of the local budget of the Zaporizhzhia region, the main directions of budget distribution are considered. Keywords: budget system, budget, problems, socio-economic situation, financial stability, corruption.

Ensuring transparency and publicity of local budgets in Ukraine in the face of new challenges

The article analyzes the essence and features of transparency and publicity of local budgets in Ukraine and abroad using advanced foreign experience. The need to ensure transparency and publicity of local budgets is substantiated. International ratings of openness and transparency of local budgets are considered. Successful projects and practices in ensuring budget transparency and publicity are analyzed. The features of ensuring budget transparency and publicity in war conditions are determined. Recommendations are proposed to increase the transparency and publicity of local budgets in Ukraine in the face of new challenges. To achieve the goals of this article, general scientific and special methods were used, such as the structural-functional method (to study individual tools, successful projects, and practices in ensuring transparency and publicity of local budgets), comparison method (comparison of data openness across countries, successful projects, and practices in ensuring budget transparency and publicity). All this made it possible to develop measures to ensure transparency and publicity of local budgets in Ukraine in the face of new challenges.

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ПОДАТКОВИХ ПЛАТЕЖІВ НА ФІНАНСОВИЙ СТАН АГРОБІЗНЕСУ

Existing problems in the Ukrainian economy are often related to the tax system, namely the existing tools for tax regulation of agribusiness activities. Taxation is an important component of the system of financial regulation of the development of agro-industrial production, one of the levers of influence on solving problems related to the social importance of agriculture. Gradually, the country is trying to change, in particular by revising the norms of the Tax Law. The article examines the financial condition and structure of agribusiness under the influence of tax payments. Tax aspects of state regulation of agribusiness are analyzed. The composition and nature of the influence of tax payments on the state of agribusiness is substantiated. It has been proven that the current tax mechanism is too loyal to some taxpayers, as a result of which the budget of Ukraine does not receive a large share of income in the form of tax revenues, and small agricultural producers are forced to "survive" every time in such a competitive environment. Also, the study showed that tax payments have a negative impact on the financial condition of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. High tax rates lead to: a decrease in the profit and profitability of agricultural enterprises; decrease in investments in the agricultural sector; increase in the debt burden of agricultural enterprises; decrease in the competitiveness of Ukrainian farmers on the world market. Attention is focused on the urgency of implementing European experience and stabilizing the general picture of the financial state of agribusiness. Experts in this area claim that high tax rates and complex tax rules create a significant burden for agricultural enterprises, which can negatively affect their profitability, investment activity and competitiveness. We come to the conclusion that reforms of the tax system of Ukraine are necessary to stimulate the development of the agricultural sector and improve its competitiveness. Reforms should include, first of all, lowering tax rates on agricultural products and services, then simplifying tax rules and procedures, introducing tax incentives for investments in the agricultural sector, ensuring access to preferential loans for agricultural enterprises.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of financial support for regional development in Ukraine. The importance of financial support for the development of the region is emphasized. It is noted that the formation of an effective system of financial support for regions plays a key role in creating the prerequisites for their socio-economic development, improving the level of satisfaction of citizens' interests, providing high-quality public services to the population, and coordinating the interests of the state and territorial communities. A model of financial support for regional development has been developed, which reflects the results of solving the tasks of the region's development at different levels (national, regional, local). The dynamics of revenues of the general fund of the State and local budgets of Ukraine (without transfers) in 2018-2023 were analyzed. The structure of local budget revenues by types of revenues was studied. It was established that tax revenues and official transfers took the main share in it, while non-tax revenues accounted for less than 6%. It was established that thanks to the rapid adaptation of enterprises, as well as state and local self-government bodies to the requirements of martial law, in 2023, the increase in revenues of the general fund of local budgets was ensured compared to 2022. It was noted that there was an excess of revenues to local budgets in Ukraine over their expenditures in 2023. The main directions of expenditures of local budgets and the State Budget of Ukraine have been analyzed. The need to optimize financial support for the development of the regions, to improve the management of their functioning in general, and to find optimal ways of attracting investment resources to the regions was emphasized. It was noted that this will be facilitated by the formation of a favorable investment climate in Ukraine and its regions; overcoming corruption phenomena; implementation of constant monitoring of the influence of factors that activate or restrain the process of financial support; formation of an effective legislative and regulatory framework that will allow improving the actual filling of local budgets; use of modern financial instruments, etc.

Податкові надходження в доходах місцевих бюджетів України та їх фіскальний потенціал

The aim of the article is to analyze the dynamics of tax revenues of local budgets in Ukraine for the period from 2018 to 2023 and to study their structure and share in the total revenues of local budgets, the consolidated budget and the country’s GDP to identify their fiscal potential and influencing factors. Analyzing the dynamics of tax revenues of local budgets from 2018 to 2023, it is worth noting the overall growth of these revenues during the mentioned period. However, the ongoing war that began in 2022 and other external factors have significantly affected this dynamic, leading to fluctuations. The article examines not only the general dynamics of tax revenues, but also their structure, distribution by main components and their relation to the total revenues of local and consolidated budgets, as well as a percentage of GDP. The share of tax revenues in total local budget revenues in Ukraine has undergone significant changes, increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in 2022, but slightly decreasing in 2023. The share of these revenues in total consolidated budget revenues also decreased in 2022 and 2023, indicating the impact of economic instability and war. The share of local tax revenues in GDP increased in 2022 and 2023, reflecting the increased role of local taxes in financing and adapting to new economic conditions. The dynamics and structure of local taxes and fees, as well as their contribution to the tax revenues of local budgets, are also considered. Analysis of the dynamics of local taxes and fees shows a steady growth in 2019–2020, but a sharp decline in 2022 due to hostilities. However, in 2023, there is a positive trend along with growth, which indicates the stabilization and recovery of the economy. The structure of local taxes and fees is undergoing changes, in particular, there is an increase in the share of the single tax, which indicates a strategic rethinking of the taxation system to simplify and increase the efficiency of tax collection. The increase in the share of local taxes and fees in the tax revenues of local budgets testifies to their importance in the financial support of local authorities and their economic self-sufficiency and stability. In general, the analysis provides an opportunity to understand the economic situation in the regions of Ukraine and the impact of external and internal factors on financial processes in Ukraine. The results obtained can be useful for government agencies, economists and researchers interested in the financial stability and economic development of the regions of Ukraine.

НАПРЯМИ АНАЛІЗУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ УКРАЇНИ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

A full-scale war and uncertainty about the sources of funding pose numerous threats to the future development of the social sphere in Ukraine. Currently, the expenditure side of Ukraine's budget is focused on priority financing of defence and military expenditures. At the same time, the decline in business activity as a result of Russian aggression and large-scale invasion is leading to a decline in budget revenues and the level of budgetary capacity. Under these conditions, the social sector of Ukraine does not receive sufficient funding and generally operates at the expense of international donors. The complexity of the situation necessitates a thorough analysis of the social sphere to identify the most priority areas of its development for the purpose of concentrated use of limited resources and efforts. The purpose of the article is to highlight the current problems of the social sphere development and to substantiate the directions of its analysis. The article analyses the standard of living of the population in the conditions of war, identifies current problems of development of the social sphere of Ukraine, and describes the priority areas of analysis of the social sphere. The article analyses statistical sources of the Ministry of Social Policy, the State Statistics Service, and the Pension Fund of Ukraine. The study used analytical and statistical-mathematical methods, the method of deduction in identifying development problems and systematisation and generalisation in identifying areas of analysis of the social sphere. Among the priority areas of analysis of the social sphere of Ukraine are the analysis of the standard of living of the population, analysis of GDP per capita and comparison of dynamics with other countries, analysis of access to education and medicine, analysis of employment and the labour market, assessment of social inclusion, analysis of socio-cultural development as part of the social life of citizens.

Macroeconomic imbalances of the formation of the public debt of Ukraine under the conditions of martial state

The article examines theoretical-methodical and applied aspects, the justification of management decisions in solving existing problems related to modern macroeconomic imbalances in the formation and maintenance of the national debt of Ukraine in the post-pandemic period and under martial law. The peculiarities of the formation and growth of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. In order to develop recommendations for minimizing the negative impact of the risks of the growth of the national debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, the author’s definition of the concept of «macroeconomic imbalance» was formulated, under which it is proposed to understand a certain imbalance or imbalance between various economic indicators on the scale of the entire national economy, and its types are also defined (budgetary, trade, consumer demand, investment and financial imbalances). It has been established that the main reasons for the significant imbalance of revenues and expenses in the budget of Ukraine are the irrational use of budget funds, economic instability, the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the presence of certain shortcomings in the legislative base, and the growth of the state debt. Indicators of macroeconomic development and their influence on the formation and servicing of the state debt and the economic security of Ukraine are determined. The main principles of ensuring the management and regulation of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law due to the observance of the doctrine of internal debt are substantiated; financial provision of the state’s needs in terms of provision of expenditures on the country’s defense capability, their economic feasibility and coordination with monetary and fiscal policy. It has been proven that the formation of the national debt can have different consequences for both the country and the population, in this regard, the factors of negative influence have been identified and the risks associated with the formation and growth of the national debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law for the country have been structured. as a whole and for the population. A program of specific measures to minimize the negative impact on the formation of the state debt of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law is proposed.

Problems of financing the state budget deficit

In the context of russia’s full-scale invasion, the agricultural sector remains one of the main sources of budget financing in Ukraine, and therefore requires a more detailed study in this context in the context of war. Thus, the purpose of the study was to assess the current possibilities of financing the Ukrainian budget, with a focus on the role of the agricultural sector in its revenue and expenditure parts. The main research methods used were analysis, forecasting, abstraction, historical, statistical and graphical methods. The study analysed the dynamics of the Ukrainian budget and described the general negative trend observed over time. The study analysed possible areas of raising funds for financing, in particular through bonds, both domestic and foreign, and concluded that such methods are undesirable. The paper also shows that the agricultural sector in Ukraine has become a significant source of replenishment of the country’s budget during the war. The information being in the available sources indicates that the share of revenues received from the agricultural sector in the budget of Ukraine is quite high, and the sector itself is in surplus (revenues exceed expenditures). Given the benefits for the budget from the development of the agricultural sector, it is important to support it with both financial and non-financial methods. The results of the work can be used by government officials in their management activities within the country or regions, as well as by business leaders in building long-term development strategies

ПРОГНОЗИ В БЮДЖЕТНОМУ РЕГУЛЮВАННІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Budget revenue forecasting is one of the most important problems that arise during its formation. This is especially true for future forecasting. New factors, as well as the latest threats associated with Russia's invasion of the territory of Ukraine, have a significant impact on the development of budgetary relations, the formation of budgets of various levels, as well as the entire economy of the country. The question of forecasting is especially relevant in the context of the restoration of full-fledged medium-term budget planning. The purpose of the article is aimed at defining the concepts of the formation of forecast budgets in Ukraine in the conditions of the restoration of forecast work by the participants of the budget process during the russian aggression. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the budget revenue forecasting process under the conditions of the risks of martial law. The methodological basis and information base of the research are current scientific and applied research, statistical information. The article uses a number of methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the efficiency of economic management and the financial condition of the public sector depend on the quality of budget forecasting and planning, because they are the key to the sustainable development of socio-economic processes. Presenting main material. The criteria for the quality of forecasts and the consequences that are expected in case of inaccuracy of forecasts during medium-term budget forecasting have been established. It was established that the forecast volume of budget revenues (both state and local) depends on the state and trends of economic and social development, stability or instability, effectiveness and progressiveness of the current legislation, forms and methods of organizing work on mobilizing payments to the budget, the level of financial culture and other influencing factors. The modern components of budget forecasting are defined, with clarification of their stages and stages of forecasting work. The originality and practical significance of the research is due to the analysis of positive and negative processes from the point of view of the difficulties of implementing the budget process in the economy at the moment, which made it possible to determine the key provisions that can be taken into account in the process of restoring full-fledged medium-term planning and forecasting in the conditions of war. The conducted theoretical research and the development of practical recommendations will contribute to the stabilization of the forecasting work of state authorities. Conclusions. Forecasting should become an integral part of the process of medium-term budget planning, which will allow to investigate trends in the formation of budget revenues and expenses, to establish factors that should be taken into account in the calculations of budget indicators. The purpose of budget forecasting is to assess the various and most likely options for the development of events in the formation of budget revenues and expenses, which. creates a basis for the selection of goals, which are a reference point in the development of budgets. Modern conditions require the maximum expansion of the field of application of the forecasting process, further improvement of the methodology and methodology of developing forecasts.

Optimization of forestry indirect and direct taxation in sustainable development conditions

The indirect and direct taxation mechanism is examined in the article. It is determined that a significant place in total income part of the Ukraine’s state budget is occupied by indirect taxes, but the larger share falls on direct taxes. The structure and dynamics of indirect taxes in budget of Ukraine were carried out. The biggest disadvantages of the taxation existing system are established. It is suggested to add new principles to the legislative principles of taxation, their compliance will strengthen the country’s tax system. The indicators of the tax burden and profitability of three business forestry entities are analyzed. It was established the existence of a closeness between the tax burden and the financial results of forestry companies via using the coefficients of correlation and determination. Ways to improve indirect and direct taxation in Ukraine in terms of some indirect taxes are proposed (VAT, excise tax and toll). The problems of applying the environmental tax in Ukraine are identified and ways to eliminate them are suggested. The new formula for calculating the single forest tax is developed. The advantages of its use are substantiated.

Budgetary security of Ukraine in the context of a large-scale war

The large-scale war taking place on the territory of Ukraine as of 2023 has a significant impact on budgetary processes and the financial system. In the face of new challenges, the budget system is becoming a key tool for ensuring financial stability and fulfilling the strategic objectives of the state. Military expenditures, reconstruction of the affected territories, social support for citizens and other unforeseen expenditures require effective management of the state and local budgets and improvement of the financial security mechanism. The purpose of this article is to define the theoretical and practical foundations of Ukraine's budget security, to develop proposals for a strategy and measures to ensure the sustainability of the budget system in times of war. In studying the issues of formation and functioning of Ukraine's budget security, the author used a combination of empirical, comprehensive, systemic and analytical methods and approaches that helped to achieve this goal. The study analysed statistical data reflecting the state of budget security, including indicators reflecting the specifics of the state budget system management. Nevertheless, the events that took place in the period from 2014 to 2022 led to political and economic instability in the country, which resulted in an imbalance in the functioning of Ukraine's budget security. Given the difficulties associated with ensuring budgetary security in a time of war, the author offers recommendations for achieving future stability of the state's financial system, which involves adherence to the national strategy and development of new financial security mechanisms. At the same time, a sustainable budget policy promotes efficient resource management and stimulates economic development. Investments in key industries, support for enterprises and innovations help to strengthen the country's economy. The scientific results obtained in the course of this study solve the urgent problem of developing and substantiating theoretical and methodological approaches to the functioning of budget security, and can also be used to determine ways to improve it and apply it by the country's state authorities

Developing financial infrastructure of rural territorial communities in Ukraine through agribusiness entities' statutory payments to local budgets

The goal of this article is to analyse the legal regulation of administration (calculating and paying) of tax payments made by agribusiness entities which are different in organizational and legal terms to the local budgets of rural territorial communities and to make proposals concerning the possible measures for theoretical and legal and practical improvement, ways and methods of supporting the income part of rural local budgets in Ukraine. The methodological basis the system of philosophical (dialectic), general scientific (formal logic, analysis, and synthesis), and special scientific (historical and legal, comparative and legal, logical and systematic, and systematic and functional) methods. The research results are deemed successful as they have demonstrated that agribusiness entities play a significant role in contributing to local budgets. It has been proposed to grant the status of a local resident to taxpayers engaged in business activities on the territory of a rural community. A characterisation has been given to the composition of income of local budgets (tax base) by looking into the set number of national taxes which are passed to local budgets, local taxes, non-tax payments. The practical value of this research lies in a recommendation to rural self-government bodies to ensure the increase in the size of the tax base in their budgets by creating communal agribusiness entities undertaking production activities that will be making statutory payments to the local budget of rural territorial communities.

DETERMINANTS OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMIC AND FOOD SECURITY DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The aim of the study is to find out the determinants of economic development and food security in Ukraine under martial law. The relevance of this topic is determined by the agricultural orientation of the Ukrainian economy and the problems of exporting under war conditions, which can lead to famine all over the world and a decrease in cash receipts in the budget of Ukraine. The main results of the research showed that until now Ukraine was focused on the production of law value-added goods. In addition, a significant decrease in GDP during the war and the study of the experience of the Second World War made it possible to assume that the economic decline was caused not only by war factors but also by structural imbalance and the raw nature of the economy. The agro-industrial complex of our country, on the one hand, can ensure food security, both within the country and in the world, but taking into account recent events, this is not always possible. It is worth noting that russia increased wheat exports, and Ukraine, on the contrary, was forced to reduce it. Also, a ban on the export of Ukrainian agricultural products in some countries of the EU until June 5, 2023, caused a great resonance in society due to negative economic consequences. It was proposed to extend this ban, which cannot have a positive effect on the economy of our country. Taking this into consideration, it is necessary to change the entire economic course of the country, which should take into account national economic interests, security determinants, reduce dependence on external factors, and balance the structure of the economy. The export of agricultural products should be carried out not only due to the interests of the EU but also the national interests of Ukraine.

State policy in the field of ensuring road safety in Ukraine through the prism of regulatory initiatives: analysis and prospects for implementation

A comparative legal analysis of draft legal acts aimed at improving road safety (draft laws No. 8369 of 19.01.2023, No. 8353 of 12.01.2023, No. 8356 of 12.01.2023) has been carried out. It has been noted that today the legislator has carried out meaningful work aimed at improving the current legislation in terms of road safety.
 It has been proved that the adoption of a certain act should not have adverse consequences in the lawmaking process and create a situation where there is competition of legal norms, as well as contradictions between other legal acts in force in the area under study. In addition, it has been stated that the draft laws under consideration are to some extent controversial and debatable, they contain terminological uncertainty, and may cause the unplanned (additional) burden on the budget of Ukraine and local budgets. It has been offered proposals and comments on how to solve these problems and improve the law-making process.
 It has been emphasised that there is a need to implement the strategic directions of the State to ensure the education of conscious road users, strengthening road safety, infrastructure, constructive vehicle safety, as well as planning of public authorities to ensure road safety at various levels of government, which in turn should contribute to the implementation of the national policy in the field under study. The position that road users, including children, should be trained in three stages has been supported: 1) elementary level is for preschool children; 2) safety basics is for primary school (teaching safe driving for themselves and others on electric scooters, monowheels, segways and similar vehicles); 3) full-fledged study, in particular, according to the programme for training drivers of scooters, motorcycles and cars, with mandatory testing of knowledge by means of an exam, is for secondary school.

The assessment and analysis of Ukraine's budget for 2023 in conditions of full–scale war

The assessment and analysis of Ukraine's budget for 2023 in conditions of full–scale war

Сучасний стан пенсійного страхування в Україні

The current state of pension insurance in Ukraine constantly requires additional research that would update its development indicators, reveal new trends in its development, justify the feasibility of its reform, and take into account the influence of various factors. The purpose of the study is that based on the assessment of the current state of the pension insurance system in Ukraine, it is necessary to identify the main problems of its development and substantiate practical recommendations on the directions of reforming the social policy of the state regarding pension provision. The compulsory state pension insurance indicators in Ukraine, conducted by the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2018-2022, were evaluated, which revealed the main trends of development and outlined the main problems. The performance indicators dynamics of non-state pension funds in Ukraine over the past five years has been investigated, trends in the development of accumulative non-state pension insurance have been outlined. The life insurance market in Ukraine is investigated and the voluntary pension insurance indicators are analyzed separately, which provides for the achievement by the insured person of the retirement age determined by the contract. The bank deposits dynamics of households in Ukraine as the potential of additional pension provision of the population is considered. It is proposed to motivate by the state creating corporate non-state pension funds. The practice spread of concluding pension insurance contracts with insurance companies by employers would create an additional source of pension payments and reduce the financial burden on the budget of Ukraine. The existing proposals for reforming pension insurance in Ukraine will contribute to increasing the confidence of the country’s population in both state pension provision and non-state pension insurance.

Tax discount in Ukraine: importance, features and impact on budgets

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the features and impact of tax rebates on budgets in Ukraine, with a special emphasis on the conditions of the modern economic situation and the challenges associated with martial law. Goal. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the personal income tax and the mechanism of tax discounts on the economic stability and development of Ukraine, with an emphasis on the optimization of tax policy in wartime conditions. Method (methodology). A comprehensive approach was used for the analysis, which includes a review of legal acts, analysis of statistical data, and comparative analysis. The basis of the research is the methods of critical analysis, synthesis, as well as the methods of economic analysis for assessing the impact of tax reductions on budget indicators. The results. The study confirms the significant role of the personal income tax in filling the state and local budgets of Ukraine, as well as the effectiveness of the tax rebate mechanism as a tool for reducing the tax burden for citizens. Administration problems and insufficient use of tax discounts have been identified, which requires optimization of tax policy and raising public awareness. A number of proposals have been developed, including the introduction of digital technologies to simplify the procedure for obtaining tax rebates, conducting information campaigns to raise public awareness of the mechanisms and advantages of tax rebates, as well as the revision of existing regulations to expand the list of expenses that give the right to a tax rebate.

THE ROLE OF BUDGET EXPENDITURES IN FINANCING TODAY'S SOCIO-ECONOMIC NEEDS

Task statement. At the current stage of development of financial relations, it is important to improve the mechanism of managing budget expenditures in order to improve the quality of public services, efficient use of resources and enhance the impact of budget policy on socio-economic progress. Optimal management of budget expenditures requires solving several key tasks, including cost optimization, program prioritization, transparency, support for innovation, sustainability of financial resources, etc. Thus, scientific research in this area is an important source for the successful implementation of budget policy and achievement of positive results in the country's socio-economic progress. Research results. An analysis of Ukraine's budget in recent years has shown that a significant increase in defense spending (from 8.56% to 42.24%) indicates increased attention to strengthening the country's national security and defense capabilities, which is related to Russia's full-scale invasion. There is an increase in spending on social protection and social security (from 22.77% to 15.75%). This is due to support for citizens affected by the war. Changes in other categories of expenditures are less noticeable. For example, environmental protection and housing and communal services remained at a low level, while others, such as economic activity and education, have moderate growth. Overall growth of expenditures. The total central fiscal expenditures increased from UAH 1,490,258.9 million to UAH 2,705,423.3 million. This indicates a general increase in the state's financial expenditures, which is due to the growing need for financing as a result of economic, social and geopolitical challenges. Budget deficit. The planned budget balance (deficit) in 2022 amounted to UAH -1,296,536.2 million, which indicates a lack of budget funds to cover all planned expenditures. This indicates the need to find additional sources of funding and optimize expenditures. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of changes in the structure of expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine, the following recommendations can be offered to optimize the financing of socio-economic development needs: balance between defense and social security, optimization of expenditures, diversification of funding sources, creation of reserves, efficient use, priority of social development, etc.