Limited Budget Research Articles

Optimizing Inclusive Education: Uncovering Challenges and Strategies in Primary Schools Through a Literature Review

Inclusive education means that every student, including those with special needs, has the right to an education in an inclusive school environment. In the context of inclusive education, several fundamental obstacles stand in the way of creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment. The current study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of inclusive education and the steps that can be taken to ensure that every child, including those with special needs, can benefit from a balanced and equitable education. The method used in writing this article is a literature review, with the ten articles used being literature published in 2020-2023 Articles were selected by determining the scope, selecting relevant keywords, and writing eligible articles related to the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results show that most schools in Indonesia have an understanding of inclusive education but still need to improve their implementation. Factors include the need for more special assistant teachers, socialization of inclusion policies, and limited budgets. Although some schools have implemented the inclusion program well, there are still challenges, including a need for more understanding from the community and parents, a shortage of human resources, and barriers to the optimality of inclusive education activities. In implementing inclusive education, success factors involve teachers' attitudes and knowledge, communication, and adequate infrastructure.

Minimizing the Scarcity of Ulama in The Disruption Era: Existence and Strategy of Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Preparing Ulama

The scarcity of ulama is a major concern in Islamic education because the higher education system is no longer considered adequate to produce graduates with a deep understanding of religion according to the demands of the times. This research aims to analyze the ulama regeneration program in Medan, focusing on the existence, materials, learning strategies, and obstacles faced. This research was conducted at the Higher Education for the Cadre of Ulama of the Indonesian Ulama Council of North Sumatra and Al-Washliyah University. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data analysis uses Miles and Huberman techniques supported by Atlas Ti software. The results revealed that in Islamic higher institutions in Medan City there are two ulama regeneration institutions, namely under the auspices of the Indonesian Ulama Council of North Sumatra which has been established since 2006 and under the auspices of Al-Washliyah University which was established in 2022. The dominant regeneration material is Islamic science based on classical Islamic books (turast). The dominant learning strategy is completing the book, supported by research and community service activities. In the implementation, there are internal constraints in the form of student input, budget limitations and external constraints are the misalignment of internal and government curricula. This research has implications for practical recommendations for Islamic higher education institutions to strengthen their capacity to produce competent scholars

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE POST-COVID-19: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vulnerable during the Covid-19 pandemic because they have limited resources. To prevent SMEs from going bankrupt after the Covid-19 pandemic, the government needs reasonable support policies for SMEs. This paper examines the impact of government support, including interest rate, tax, training, and consulting support, on the performance of SMEs post-COVID-19. We use Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Sales (ROS) and profit to represent the performance of SMEs. We have reviewed previous studies to propose a research model and questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire, we collected data from 355 SMEs in Vietnam by surveying in 2022. The OLS regression model was used to test the hypotheses in the research model. The results show that government support positively affects ROA, ROS and profit. Besides, SMEs that invest in new technologies, equipment or software have higher ROA and ROS and SMEs that obtain quality management system certificates such as ISO 9001 have better profits. Based on the research results, we have proposed solutions to support SMEs in overcoming crises like COVID-19. This result is crucial for policy-makers who want to allocate the government's limited budget to stimulate economic development.

Prospective Audit and Feedback for Antimicrobial Treatment of Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in Community-Based University Hospitals: A before-and-after Study.

In South Korea, because of manpower and budgetary limitations, antimicrobial stewardship programs have relied on preauthorization. This study analyzed the impact of a prospective audit and feedback (PAF) program targeting inpatients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy, which was implemented at two community-based university hospitals. During three years of PAF, 27,906 antimicrobial prescriptions were reviewed, with 622 (2.2%) interventions. The mean incidence density per 1000 patient days of multidrug-resistant organisms, except for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, decreased in the study population, whereas it increased among inpatients. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis revealed that after PAF, the incidences of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and mortality decreased (incidence risk ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.31-0.93 and 0.70, 0.55-0.90, respectively). Notably, after PAF, incorrect antimicrobial dosing rates significantly decreased (tau -0.244; p = 0.02). However, the incidences of other multidrug-resistant organisms, Clostridioides difficile, length of stay, and readmission did not significantly change. This study shows that in patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement, targeted PAF can significantly reduce multidrug-resistant organism rates and all-cause hospital mortality, despite limited resources. Furthermore, it can improve antimicrobial dosage accuracy.

A model for optimizing an investment portfolio in modern conditions

Subject. This article discusses the issues of improving the methodology for optimizing an investment portfolio in modern conditions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a model for optimizing the investment portfolio, taking into account the investor's risk profile and the limited budget. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, mathematical modeling in economics, machine learning methods, genetic algorithms, and the Python programming language. Results. The article presents the author-developed model of optimizing the investment portfolio of an enterprise, based on the symbiosis of individual elements and principles of the most effective methods of optimizing the investment portfolio, algorithms for their implementation, mathematical model and practical recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance. The combination of classical methods of investment portfolio optimization and machine learning in the model helps improve the accuracy of assessing the future return of assets and determine their weights in the investor's portfolio. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the scientific provisions that actualize the task of improving existing or developing new approaches to optimizing the investment portfolio are proved. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the presented model is of an applied nature, taking into account the risk profile of the investor, tactical and strategic goals of investment, and budget constraints. The results of the study may be of interest to novice stock market participants, experienced investors, IT specialists engaged in the creation of programs and robots for trading on the stock market using machine learning tools.

Human Resources Development Strategy at the Tanjungpinang City Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Community Empowerment (DP3APM)

Human Resources (HR) are the main driver of an organization's sustainability, therefore, a human resource development strategy is needed to create superior human resources and achieve organizational goals. The aim of this research is to determine the indicators used as measuring tools for human resources development strategies at the Tanjungpinang City Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Community Empowerment Service (DP3APM), especially in the form of education, training, development, recruitment and system changes based on relevant literature regarding This and its effectiveness, in the implementation process, budget limitations and employee education levels are obstacles, especially training targets that require a fairly large budget. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data was obtained through interviews and direct observation at the research location. The population in this study was 60 DP3APM employees and the sample was the DP3PAM Administration and Personnel Subdivision.

Optimal region-specific social distancing strategies in a complex multi-patch model through reinforcement learning

Although non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing have proven effective in curbing outbreaks, they also carry economic consequences. This poses a dilemma for policymakers striving to find a balance between disease control and economic burden. This delicate balance varies regionally, influenced by non-epidemiological factors such as population movements, socio-demographic characteristics, and the intricacies of social distancing policies. These factors interact in intricate ways, shaping the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. To address this complexity, we propose an innovative approach utilizing deep reinforcement learning (RL). This method assists in tailoring intervention policies for diverse regions, taking into account their unique dynamics. We incorporate South Korea’s social distancing policies and their economic impact into a RL framework with a multi-region epidemic model, offering a comprehensive solution. We integrate official mobility data and GDP specific to each region, employing the proximity policy optimization algorithm to determine the most appropriate region-specific social distancing policy. The algorithm’s reward function considers both outbreak control and economic impacts, providing policymakers with the flexibility to fine-tune the balance between these two factors according to their preferences. This adjustment can be performed across three distinct cost scenarios: High, Base, and Low-cost scenarios. In scenarios with High-costs, social distancing measures are aimed at regions with extensive connectivity and higher transmission rates. When costs are moderate, policies center around the period of peak prevalence, illustrating adaptable strategies in areas characterized by high transmission rates, budget limitations, and population mobility. In situations with Low-costs, these measures encompass most regions, excluding those with low transmission rates. The study’s results support focused interventions in specific regions to balance outbreak control and economic impact mitigation.

IUDP: Prospects and Challenges for Implementation in Nepal: A Case Study of Godawari Municipality

The IUDP represents Nepal's latest comprehensive municipal-level urban planning approach, geared towards providing inclusive and sustainable development for new municipalities. However, the successful implementation of IUDP faces various challenges that demand long-term vision and guidance from municipal authorities. This study delves into the prospects and challenges of IUDP implementation in the context of Godawari Municipality by studying the selection and prioritization of projects, implementation framework of IUDP, municipal budget, and exploration of implementation issues and the probable solutions. The municipality faces significant challenges in IUDP project implementation, including legal constraints, transparency issues, limited budget, political willpower, lack of technical support, complexities in land ownership, road standard compliance, community ownership, and shortage of technical experts, all highlighting the necessity of a specific implementation framework. Addressing critical challenges through formalizing ward committees, clear project selection guidelines, streamlined procedures, financial accountability, strengthened planning commission, cost-effective expert consultants, community ownership, sustainable forest conservation norms, and enhanced staff capacity is essential for successful and sustainable IUDP implementation in Godawari Municipality, contributing to holistic regional development. The prospects of IUDP implementation in Godawari Municipality show promise with relevant projects, investment planning, collaborative efforts, and proposed solutions, along with a dedicated team and budget allocation that enhance the likelihood of successful and sustainable development.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТА: ОПЫТ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

The paper considers the problem of effective use of educational resources in conditions of a limited budget, with an emphasis on the experience of economic planning in education. In modern conditions, many educational institutions face financial difficulties, which requires the development of strategies for the optimal allocation and use of available resources. The article analyzes the key principles and methods of economic planning aimed at improving the effectiveness of the educational process without increasing costs. Special attention is paid to practical examples and successful cases from various educational systems demonstrating the possibilities of improving the quality of education through rational resource management. Recommendations are also offered on the implementation of these methods at the school and university levels, as well as considering the potential of digital technologies and innovative approaches to achieve these goals.

Современные проблемы организации и управления закупочной деятельностью в системе здравоохранения и пути их решения.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of key problems and challenges in the field of public procurement for healthcare institutions. T h e r e l e v a n c e of the work is determined by the critical importance of ensuring the quality and safety of medical products, as well as the need to optimize procurement processes in the face of limited budgets. The research subject is the issues of public procurement activities in healthcare institutions with a focus on process optimization, legal and economic aspects, and the application of modern technologies within an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the most acute problems in the field of healthcare procurement and develop proposals for their solutions. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The research includes a comprehensive analysis of literary sources, generalizations of practical experience and expert assessments. Methods of comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of the obtained data are used to identify key problems and challenges. The research r e s u l t s indicate a number of problems in the procurement sphere, including: the risk of acquiring counterfeit or substandard medical products, the need to improve the qualifications of procurement specialists, and difficulties in developing detailed technical specifications. Measures to improve the situation are proposed, including the development of detailed technical specifications in collaboration with medical experts, training of specialists, and strengthening quality control of products. The c o n c l u s i o n s of the study highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to solving procurement issues in healthcare, including improving the qualifications of specialists, strengthening interdepartmental cooperation, and implementing innovative technologies. The research results can be applied to improve the legislative framework and practice of conducting public procurement in the healthcare sector. T h e s c o p e o f t h e r e s u l t s . The results of the work can be used to improve the practice of public procurement in the healthcare system at the level of public medical institutions, and also provide a basis for further scientific work in this field.

Use of E-Marketing Tools as Marketing Efforts For MSME Products In Hariara Pohan Tourist Village, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province

Holbung Hill is one of the more fascinating tourist destinations in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra and located in Hariara Pohan Tourist Village. This Village has several village mainstay products, or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) products, which are made directly by the local community and then used as souvenirs typical of Hariara Pohan Village. These products are Sasagun Snack (rice flour mixed with coconut and then roasted with brown sugar or just simple white sugar), Tipa-tipa Snack (Comes from young rice seeds, known as a typical Batak cereal), dodol sticky rice, and Bandrek Mallatam. These MSME products are still infrequently promoted through digital media (e-marketing). Researchers are interested in conducting a study and finding the obstacles or causes of Hariara Pohan Tourism Village MSME product underpromotion on social media accounts in Hariara Pohan Village, Samosir Regency. This research method uses a qualitative research and data was collected through direct interviews and observation with MSME actors, local communities, and Hariara Pohan Village administrators and officials. The result of this research is the obstacles faced by the local communities as MSME actors in Hariara Pohan Village in using e-marketing as a marketing medium are due to several things, such as: lacking of digital skills and human resources, minimal understanding of technology, limited budget for marketing, limitations access to the internet, local communites are still lacking in understanding the target market

China's Belt and Road (BRI) Policy for Trade Interests in Indonesia

In promoting international trade within Indonesia, the government relies on Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade. This legislation serves as a foundational framework for facilitating trade activities and addressing related issues. As part of efforts to bolster infrastructure development amidst financial constraints, Indonesia has turned to initiatives such as the Chinese Silk Road, or Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This strategic partnership aims to enhance Indonesia's infrastructure capabilities, particularly in light of budgetary limitations that have hindered optimal development. However, the implementation of BRI projects has sparked concerns and varying interpretations, particularly regarding the potential risks of falling into a "debt trap" or succumbing to "debt diplomacy" with China. This research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing statutory analysis and conceptual frameworks to explore these complexities. A notable case is the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail project, slated for operation by August 18, 2023, which exemplifies BRI's application in Indonesia. Addressing legal uncertainties and ensuring robust dispute resolution mechanisms are crucial for mitigating risks associated with BRI policies. It is imperative for Indonesia to proactively safeguard against adverse impacts while harnessing the benefits of international partnerships for sustainable development.

Village-Owned Enterprise (Bumdes) Samudera Mandiri, Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia: A Descriptive Case Study

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Samudera Mandiri in improving the income of the Marindal II Village community, Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. BUMDes Samudera Mandiri has been operating for eight years, focusing on household waste collection. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the management of BUMDes Samudera Mandiri is effective in meeting four out of five good organizational performance indicators, despite a deficit between revenue and operational costs in 2023. However, BUMDes has not significantly increased community income, having only created ten new jobs. Supporting factors include available resource potential, and support from the village and subdistrict governments and community. Major obstacles are limited budget, low community participation, and lack of human resource competencies. Recommendations for improving BUMDes Samudera Mandiri's performance include increasing business capital, enhancing cooperation with companies through CSR, training for managers, and increasing community socialization and participation in BUMDes programs. These steps are expected to allow BUMDes Samudera Mandiri to contribute more significantly to the welfare of the Marindal II Village community.

Efektivitas Pelimpahan sebagian Kewenangan Bupati Kepada Kepala Distrik di Kabupaten Jayapura

Since the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, Jayapura Regency has adopted a policy of delegating authority as an effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government administration at the district level. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads based on the Jayapura Regent Regulation Number 13 of 2019 on the Delegation of Partial Authority from the Regent to the District Heads to Perform Certain Local Government Affairs. This study uses a qualitative approach with data triangulation methods, including indepth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results show that although there are some successes in the implementation of delegated authority, various obstacles remain, such as mismatches between the delegated authority and district capacities, lack of trained and competent human resources, and budget limitations. Additionally, the delegation process often lacks adequate accountability and transparency systems. The study also found that unclear policies and regulations, as well as complex bureaucratic processes, hinder the effectiveness of the delegated authority implementation. Some district heads feel that the delegated authority is insufficient to enable them to make quick and accurate decisions to serve local community interests. Recommendations from this study include improving human resource capacity at the district level, enhancing accountability and transparency systems, and simplifying bureaucratic processes to support the effectiveness of delegated authority. Thus, it is expected that the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads can run more optimally and contribute positively to regional development and the improvement of public service quality

IDP-FL: A fine-grained and privacy-aware federated learning framework for deep neural networks

Federated learning (FL), as a distributed machine learning paradigm, essentially promises that multiple parties can jointly train the model collaboratively without sharing local data. Recent research demonstrates that the adversary can deduce the sensitive data through shared model updates. To protect the data privacy of the participants, differential privacy (DP) is deployed in various FL scenarios due to the lightweight computational overhead. However, the trade-off between the availability and privacy of local models is the fundamental problem that needs to be solved in DP applications. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained and privacy-aware FL framework (iDP-FL) to enable training data and model parameters to satisfy confidentiality while markedly improving the model's prediction accuracy. Specifically, we first design an individualized perturbation noise (IPN) algorithm that adds different artificial noises dependent on the importance of each participant's model weight. Then, we propose a perturbation mechanism on the aggregator side, a DP protection method under the premise of loss function convergence, which prevents the global model parameters from being stolen by malicious adversaries. Moreover, to achieve lightweight protection throughout the learning, we present an advanced bilateral perturbation (ABP) protocol to perform iterative training. Theoretical analysis indicates that iDP-FL provides the DP guarantee, which yields superior prediction accuracy and excellent privacy-preserving with the same privacy level. Finally, extensive experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach shows significant advantages with limited privacy budgets, especially at small privacy losses.

Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Manggarai Timur Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 Tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Kelurahan Kota Ndora dan Kelurahan Rana Loba Kecamatan Borong

This study examines the implementation of East Manggarai Regency Regulation Number 15 of 2019 regarding the acceleration of stunting reduction in Kota Ndora and Rana Loba Urban Villages, Borong District. Through a juridical-empirical approach, primary data was obtained through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results show that the implementation of the regulation is still not effective due to factors such as ineffective human resources, inadequate infrastructure, limited budget allocation, and low community participation. The study recommends improvements in training and education for human development cadres, increased budget allocation for stunted families, and a reassessment of budget allocation to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in addressing stunted families.

Developing a model to predict number of unidentified specimens: A case study from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada

Highly fragmented assemblages are challenging for zooarchaeologists. Large numbers of morphologically unidentifiable specimens are time consuming to analyze, but may provide valuable information about past subsistence practices. Faced with an assemblage of approximately 30,000 unidentifiable specimens from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada, I developed a model to predict NSP from bone weight. Although the model would benefit from a larger sample size and data splitting, it can assist zooarchaeologists working with limited budgets and tight time constraints to analyze large assemblages.

To receive and to give something back – director’s perspectives on public – private collaborations in Norwegian art museums

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of private museums, contemporary art, and the emergence of private collectors has changed public museums’ room for action and placed heightened pressure on museum directors worldwide. In recent years, Norway has witnessed a surge in extensive collaboration between publicly funded museums and private collectors. Based on qualitative interviews with eleven museum directors, this paper examines how they navigate and address criticism, challenges, and demands when collaborating with private actors, with a particular emphasis on private art collectors. Additionally, the study aims to uncover the opportunities that emerge from such collaborations. Findings reveal that public – private collaborations are seen as an inevitable solution for the future, driven by factors such as limited purchasing budgets, rising costs, and concerns about diminishing public support due to reliance on oil revenues. Despite facing challenges such as external criticism and collector demands, directors maintain an optimistic outlook regarding more public – private collaborations and advocate the opportunities they bring.

Pencil and paper electronics: an accessible approach to teaching basic physics concepts

This teaching article describes a simple and low-cost methodology for studying electrical transport and constructing basic sensor devices using everyday stationery items, including pencils, paper, and a handheld multimeter. The approach is designed for high school and undergraduate teachers and offers an easy-to-implement, hands-on method for teaching fundamental concepts in physical electronics. The materials and experiments outlined in this article are widely accessible and can be easily replicated in various teaching labs, even with limited budgets.

Influence of Service Quality on Word of Mouth Mediated by Tourist Satisfaction at the Budo Tourism Village Homestay

In 2022, tourist visits to the Budo Tourism Village were recorded at 64.000 visitors. This figure exceeds the initial target of the village government and Village-Owned Enterprise Management. However, the large number of tourist visits to Budo Village did not increase the number of guests staying at Budo Village homestays. The limited marketing budget from the government and the village-owned enterprise (Bumdes) as managers makes WOM (word of mouth) as the main promotional strategy for homestay managers in the Budo Tourism Village. Another phenomenon encountered is dissatisfaction of guests who stay overnight due to the quality of service received. The above phenomena are related to the theories of service quality, tourist satisfaction, and word of mouth, and are then examined in more depth regarding the influence of service quality on word of mouth mediated by tourist satisfaction. This type of research is quantitative with data collection techniques using a questionnaire created in the form of a GoogleForm and distributed to 174 respondents who have stayed at nine homestays in the Budo Tourism Village. SEM PLS and SPSS analysis were employed to analyze the data. This research found that service quality has a positive and significant influence on tourist satisfaction and Word of Mouth (WOM). Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Word of Mouth (WOM) and is also able to mediate the influence of Service Quality on Word of Mouth (WOM). Homestay managers are advised to concern to service quality, such as tidiness and cleanliness, as well as improving internet networks and the availability of free WiFi. Further research will explore the possibility of developing it not only in homestays but also in cafes, restaurants, and even diving centers.