Budget Gap Research Articles

WAAS Receiver Carrier Tracking Loop and Data Demodulation Performance in the Presence of Wideband Interference

The Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for GPS I Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) airborne equipment [l] specifies an interference mask and minimum signal conditions that will be valid for all phases of flight. In addition, demodulated WAAS word error requirements are specified. In support of the RTCA Special Committee (SC)-159 WAAS MOPS activities, a detailed phase-locked loop carrier tracking simulation and analysis for the WAAS satellite signals was performed using the current link budget assumptions. The high-fidelity, nonlinear carrier tracking loop simulations include the Viterbi decoder, and provide word error, bit error, and cycle slip rates as a function of the carrier to noise-plus-interference ratio. Based on the simulation data, it appears that there is approximately a 1 dB link budget gap, which must be addressed by the appropriate industry/government committees.

Support CATCH with a Friends of Children Annual Fund donation

Dear Colleagues: Children9s health today is threatened by daunting challenges: inadequate access to care, the resurgence of infectious diseases like measles and pertussis, an epidemic of violence, and more. All of us have dedicated our efforts and resources to overcoming these diverse problems. Dues are not enough. Only 28 percent of the Academy9s operating budget comes from member dues. Contributions to the Friends of Children Annual Fund help fill the budget gap — the gap between recognizing problems and working to solve them.

Budget Balancing in Difficult Times: The Case of the Two New Yorks

The objective of governments is to efficiently provide essential services and infrastructure to their jurisdictions at a competitive tax rate within the constraint of a balanced budget. In recent years, several states have found it difficult to maintain this standard. This article examines the nature of the problem in the overlapping jurisdictions of New York City and New York State. Specifically, it explains the nature of projected budget gaps that have emerged in New York, and describes how the two New Yorks' political leaders have managed their budgets in recent years. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that expenditures significantly exceed revenues, thus leading to inevitable budget gaps, and that policies designed to close the gap have harmful consequences.

The budget gap, excess money and reform

(1990). The budget gap, excess money and reform. Communist Economies: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 25-45.