Buddleja Asiatica Research Articles

The effect of vanadium on essential element uptake of Setaria viridis' seedlings

High concentrations of vanadium, a ubiquitous element in the environment, in growing media leads to deformation of root structure and leaf chlorosis and necrosis, consequently affecting the translocations of nutrients and essential elements. However, the effects of vanadium on essential element uptake, and the interactions of essential elements in the presence of vanadium, remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the effects of different concentrations of vanadium on major and trace essential elements and plant growth, a native plant species growing in a vanadium mining area, Setaria viridis (dog tail's grass), was incubated in solutions containing 0–55.8 mg/L vanadium. The shoot accumulation of four major essential elements and five trace essential elements was detected, and the root length and stem height were measured. The results showed that vanadium in soil solution enhanced the accumulation of all major essential elements in shoot. Vanadium concentrations lower than 47.4 mg/L showed an obvious positive (p < 0.05) effect on P accumulation and translocation. In the case of trace essential elements, there were threshold values for solution vanadium stimulation of element uptake. The threshold values for Cu and Zn, Fe, and Mo uptake were 4.3, 16.3, and 40.6 mg/L, respectively. When vanadium levels surpassed these values, accumulation was suppressed and the solution vanadium concentrations attenuated the solution-to-shoot translocation of most of the essential elements. Among the trace essential elements, translocation of Fe was obviously enhanced (p < 0.05) by vanadium. Solution vanadium also enhanced plant growth at lower concentrations and inhibited it at higher levels. The threshold values for stem height and root length were 36.8 and 16.3 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of 40 and 55.8 mg/L vanadium in soil solution caused a 50% decrease in root length and stem height, respectively, showing that root length of Setaria viridis is more susceptible to vanadium toxicity than stem growth.

The detoxification effect of liquid digestate on vanadium toxicity to seed germination and seedling growth of dog's tail grass.

Dog's tail grass (Setaria viridis) presented strong tolerance and high accumulation of vanadium in field conditions. Liquid digestate containing high levels of nutrients could alleviate vanadium toxicity and accelerate the growth of dog's tail grass. To elucidate the detoxification potential and mechanism of liquid digestate, dog's tail grass was grown in soil solution containing 0.14-55.8 mg L-1 of vanadium. Parameters including germination index (GI), tolerance index (TI), seedlings' fresh weight, seedlings' vanadium accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and V5+ species, were measured after addition of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% liquid digestate. The results showed that a vanadium level of 10.9 mg L-1was a threshold value for toxicity; furthermore, the GI and TI decreased by 50% when vanadium content reached 36.8 mg L-1. The MDA content was reduced, and the other parameters were markedly enhanced, after addition of 5% and 10% liquid digestate with vanadium levels above 36.8 mg L-1. V5+ species was the dominant vanadium species in solution and the addition of liquid digestate reduced V5+ concentrations. The detoxification of vanadium by liquid digestate was a combined effect of direct reduction of V5+ species and plant nutrition.

In vitro digestibility and fermentation kinetics of some north eastern Himalayan tree leaves using cattle rumen fluid as inoculum

A study was undertaken to evaluate few north eastern Himalayan forest tree leaves [Blemkar (Buddleja asiatica), Phrengpa (Quercus walliasehiana), Maar (Castanopsis indica), Maarma (Spiraea canescens), Domkar (Symplocus racemosa), Matekpa (Quercus fenestrate), Zimbu (Lingustrm myrsinites), Baggar (Berberis aristata) and Ngek sing (Symplocos crataegoides)] for their potential to manipulate rumen fermentation. An in vitro gas production study was conducted for 96 h to obtain the t½ (h) of various leaves. A time dependent increase in gas production was observed for all tree leaves during 96 h incubation period. The rate constant of gas production (c) was highest for Phrengpa and Ngek sing leaves. IVTDMD (%) and TVFA (mM/dl) at t½ (h) was highest for Zimbu, Maarma and Ngek sing tree leaves. Moreover, microbial biomass production (MBP) per unit digested dry matter was highest for Maar followed by Phrengpa and Maarma leaves at t½ (h). Therefore, from the present study, it can be inferred that these tree leaves can influence in vitro rumen fermentation positively and might serve as newer feed resource for livestock.

Iridoid Glycosides and Phenolic Glycosides from Buddleja asiatica with Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Activities

Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Buddleja asiatica resulted in the isolation of a new iridoid glycoside, buddlejasiaside A (1) and 11 known compounds: 6- O -[α-L-(4-isoferuloyl)-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (2), specioside (3), verminoside (4), minecoside (5), 6- O -( p -hydroxybenzoyl)-ajugol (6), 6- O -caffeoyl ajugol (7), litanthosalin 8), eurostoside (9), 10- O -caffeoylaucubin (10), phlorizin (11), and garashangin (12). Their chemical structures were identified based on the MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses and comparing with the data reported in the literature. Compounds 1, 2, and 8-10 showed the modest inhibitory effects against nitrite production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia, with IC50 values ranging from 43.5-79.6 μM. Compounds 6, 7, and 11 protected HT22 hippocampal cells from glutamate-induced cell death, with EC50 values of 38.9, 14.8, and 27.1 μM, respectively.

Leveillula buddlejae sp. nov., a new species with an asexual morph resembling phylogenetically basal Phyllactinia species

An asexual morph of a powdery mildew was found on Buddleja asiatica (Scrophulariaceae) in Nepal. The morphological traits of this powdery mildew strongly resemble those of Phyllactinia species (including Ovulariopsis) belonging to a phylogenetically basal group closely related to Leveillula species, but phylogenetic examinations and analyses clearly showed that this fungus pertains to Leveillula. Within the latter genus, it seems to be allied to L. duriaei, but clearly differs from this species in having conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae and narrower conidia with different length/width ratios. Therefore, the powdery mildew on B. asiatica is described as Leveillula buddlejae sp. nov.

Roy De Forest Papers

Previous articleNext article FreeAcquisitionsRoy De Forest PapersLiza KirwinLiza Kirwin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreThe papers of Roy De Forest (1930–2007), donated by Gloria Marchant, the artist’s wife of thirty-two years, include a family tree compiled in the late 1970s. A three-by-nineteen-foot blueprint, it is perhaps the largest document in the Archives. The chart begins in France and England, with the De Forests settling in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century. An individual of pioneer spirit, Roy was born in North Platte, Nebraska, once home to William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody. Under Roy’s name, the family genealogist proudly recorded his occupation as “one of the top 10 best artists of the US.” Spanning the late 1940s to 2007, the collection of letters, writings, photographs, video recordings, sketches, inventories, and financial records that form Marchant’s gift to the Archives gives weight to this claim.While critics across the US praised De Forest’s unique vision, they often struggled to define his eccentric world of cowboys and Indians, anthropomorphic animals, and sly art-historical references. Not quite adhering to California Funk, De Forest preferred the term “Nut” art for his work. His papers include his 1972 “Nut Art Manifesto” and an outline of his famous dog lecture, which used dog tails to represent art movements through the ages (fig. 1). The latter document speaks to the fact that dogs were ever-present in the artist’s life. Snapshots in his papers reveal a canine chronology, from King in the 1960s (see Table of Contents) to Cato, De Forest’s last dog (fig. 2). These beloved animals are shown lounging in the studio, napping with the artist, and leading him on outdoor adventures. They also figure in his work, often as wide-eyed spirit guides to imaginary worlds.fig. 1. Page from Roy De Forest “Dog Lecture.” Roy De Forest Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.fig. 2. Roy De Forest working on A Country Life (2005) in his Port Costa, California, studio with his dog Cato, 2005. Roy De Forest Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.The papers will be useful to anyone investigating the social and aesthetic circle around the University of California, Davis, where De Forest taught from 1965 to 1992, and particularly his close friendships with students John Buck and Deborah Butterfield, colleagues Robert Arneson and William T. Wiley, and artist neighbors Betty and Clayton Bailey. De Forest taught a recurring course on art materials, and his financial records document his love of art supplies and invention. Studio receipts chronicle purchases of airbrushes and assorted nozzles, luster pigment, impasto gel, oil pastels, metallic crayons, linen, and lumber for frames. From taxidermy suppliers he ordered modeling compound and glass eyes in yellow, red, hazel, light brown, straw, and blue. He favored Golden and Rembrandt acrylics, but would also mix his own water-based paints, adding polyvinyl acetate for extra stickiness. As De Forest noted in his 2004 interview for the Archives, “It’s a wonderful adhesive, so you can stick all kinds of junk in there: gravel, fillers of various kinds, and create all kinds of textures.”Hundreds of condolence letters sent to Marchant after De Forest’s death in 2007 show a groundswell of regard for the artist. Wiley wrote: “A good father, husband, teacher, artist, friend, who will be greatly missed and remembered … Roy doggedly pursued his vision and never sent a Cocker Spaniel if a Terrier was called for, and near as I can tell never barked up the wrong tree.” His papers will allow a new generation of visitors to the Archives to experience his legacy as a top dog in American art. Notes Liza Kirwin is the deputy director of the Archives of American Art. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Archives of American Art Journal Volume 56, Number 1Spring 2017 Sponsored by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/692639 Views: 272Total views on this site © 2017 by The Smithsonian Institution. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

GC/MS analysis, antimicrobial and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; anti-cholinesterase activities of the essential oil from &lt;i&gt;Buddleja asiatica&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Buddleja asiatica&lt;/em&gt; essential oil from the leaves by hydrodistillation was subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometery analysis which revealed the presence of 17 constituents out of which 14 were identified as: four monoterpenes hydrocarbons, four oxygenated monoterpenes, one hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes and five oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major constituent being found was 1,8-cineole (38.1%) while β-sinensal, 1, 10-seco-1-hydroxy-calamenen-10-one and α-phellandrene were found to be in 11.8%, 10.2% and 5.8%, respectively. The essential oil exhibited 66% strong antibacterial activity against &lt;em&gt;Shigella boydii&lt;/em&gt; while in fungicidal assay, it revealed an outstanding 79% inhibition against &lt;em&gt;Aspergillus flavus&lt;/em&gt;. The essential oil showed outstanding acetylcholinesterase (IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;5.2 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 27.9 μM) as compared to standard drugs respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Slugs and Snails and Puppy Dog Tails: jets from an unconventional angle

AbstractWe discuss some aspects of extragalactic jets originating from super massive black holes in the centres of active galaxies (and quasars). We start with a short review of sizes and flavors and then argue that the emission we detect across the electromagnetic spectrum does not come from the essence of the jet, but is rather a product of the jet. We go on to discuss some topics concerning synchrotron emission from jets, mainly aspects of knots. Finally we discuss the emission processes for the X-rays and describe a current experiment with LOFAR designed to test a requirement of inverse Compton models.

Buddlejol, a new α-chymotrypsin inhibitor from Buddleja asiatica

Buddlejol (1), a new sterol, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the antispasmodic plant Buddleja asiatica along with stigmasterol (2), lignoceric acid (3), taraxerol (4) and α-amyrin (5), respectively. The structure of Buddlejol (1) was established as (24S)-stigmast-5,22-diene-7β-ethoxy-3β-ol by spectral analysis and comparison with closely related structures. Buddlejol revealed to be a competitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin with the Ki value of 10.60 µM as indicated by Lineweaver–Burk and Dixon plots and their re-plots against its chymotrypsin inhibition assay, while the other compounds showed less inhibitory potential. The bioassay-guided isolation was stimulated by the preliminary cytotoxic screening of various fractions of B. asiatica.

Post-reforestation vegetation development on abandoned highland fields in Java, Indonesia

In the Dieng Mountains, encroachment of the protection forest by locals has resulted in conversion of the land into agricultural fields, followed by abandonment. Subsequent reforestation projects by the local authority have been uneven and ineffective in bringing back the protective function of the forest. With current farming practices, the trend of regrowth forest formation will persist into the future. We evaluated the reforestation approach in the Dieng Mountains by investigating the development of regrowth forests, and based on the result, suggest improvements to present restoration efforts. Vegetation data were collected using stratified systematic sampling on three types of disturbed habitats found in the area: woodland, shrubland, and grassland. The importance value index of each species was calculated; species richness and diversity were estimated using the Species Prediction and Diversity Estimation (SPADE) program. The development of the secondary vegetation in the Dieng Mountains was highly influenced by its land use history and the local government’s reforestation programs. The low tree regenerations in all the habitats may be attributed to harsh environmental conditions caused by the high altitudinal location and the impact of forest clearings, as well as competition with herbs and the effect of human activities. Tree species planted during the reforestation programs, Acacia decurrens, Cupressus sempervirens, and Schima wallichii, dominated all habitats. Pioneer shrub species Melastoma affine and grasses Imperata cylindrica and Isachne globosa, as well as ruderal species Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium riparium, Buddleja asiatica, and Rubus rosaefolius dominated the undergrowth vegetation. Gleichenia dichotoma’s domination seemed to suppress the growth of coexisting grass species, leading to the domination of Conyza javanica over pioneer grass species in grassland. Compared with similar studies in other secondary forests, the richness of plant species found in the Dieng Mountains was considerably lower, especially that of woody plants. As human populations in the Dieng Mountains continue to expand, the fate of the secondary vegetation in this area may be determined by future interference by humans.

Endophytic Fungi Associated with Twigs of Buddleja asiatica Lour

Endophytic fungi were studied in twigs of Buddleja asiatica at two sites within Kathmandu city, Nepal. Sterile mycelia and five fertile taxa (Alternaria, Fusarium, Epicoccum, Phoma, and Cladosporium) were isolated. Alternaria, Fusarium, and sterile mycelia were isolated from both sites, whereas Epicoccum, Phoma, and Cladosporium were site-specific. Colonization frequency, isolation frequency, and diversity of fungi were higher at Site II compared to Site I.

Two new cholinesterase inhibitors asiatoates A and B from Buddleja asiatica

Two new benzoates, asiatoate A (1) and asiatoate B (2), have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Buddleja asiatica whole plant. Their structures were elucidated with the help of spectroscopic data. Both showed significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE) in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of compounds 1–2 were 5.54 and 8.34 μM against AChE while 30.94 and 35.94 μM against BChE, respectively.

Hawk Poem, and: What the Corpse Said, and: The Heads of the Apostles at Notre Dame

Hawk Poem, and: What the Corpse Said, and: The Heads of the Apostles at Notre Dame Trey Conatser (bio) Hawk Poem I hit a wall on hawk poems. I had to stop publishing them. . . . I just wish there was something else a hawk could do in a poem. —Brian Bedard Of course it has wings, but they’re faded as old towels in the laundry, thumping around like a wind- up metronome just a few clicks from gone. We’ve talked about this. Money’s tight but besides, haven’t you grown fond of the thuds as you would a three-legged cat, that familiar pity that makes us feel at home? Do you pity the machine, as if, to wax cliché, the rusted combine abandoned in a field? Birds certainly don’t. They fly about, drop number twos on our objets d’art and squeal like ill- behaved children, which is to say all children, the very [End Page 133] reason we don’t want any, maybe blasphemy to some but we’ve settled quite comfortably into these conversations. We can’t keep throwing out good bread, as much as we like a distraction. They accumulate on the roof, the domestic kinds: sparrows, blackbirds, blue jays, crows. The hawks were chased out of town by white flight developments and you, so informed, mourn them as icebreakers with new neighbors who, like me, don’t feed idealism. Too many times I’ve been the glass panel or fruit stand in a B-movie chase scene, acute case of wrong place, wrong time, though not shattered or bowled over by some wood faced, one trick pony, but soiled on by so many poets’ inspiration, the raison d’être of ratty clothes I’d otherwise throw out, though I’ll admit [End Page 134] their nostalgia, when we first drew our lines of communication, awkward, yes, but small victories were significant in our campaign. I’ll keep washing whatever collects or cakes on and they’ll gray and soften like tissue, but even when the color’s gone and the words are aphasic flecks still hanging on despite the eventuality, we’ll remember those days and our purposeful philosophies, wonder, smirking, how we ever said such things. What the Corpse Said The best part is losing all senseof metaphor, it said, jaw half hinged, hawking dirt on the plosives. The worms weren’t so horrific, little Medusa head daily buds [End Page 135] wagging like happy dog tails, nor was the bloated viscera that off-putting next to absolute singularity, as I, too fond of likeness, too habitual in equivocation, watched flowers sprout from its chest as if reclaiming abandoned concrete, fan out from its mouth as if they were something to say. The Heads of the Apostles at Notre Dame If anything, they show us that even men made of stone don’t outlast history’s pocket watch, that globular black ballooning so glacially from the tiniest of breaths, some monumental sneeze and snot-swath having expended itself before anyone had spoken. First, decay, but, then? Rot desiccates to sand, one (Paul, maybe) duned above the nostrils, eyes and brain effervesced like cherry blossoms in April gusts. They’re no Ozymandias, lone monolith long rid of its culture’s ruin. Rather, the heads are footnotes dwarfed by the architecture [End Page 136] of their commemoration, vaults buttressed above billowing voids, what comes after sand. The faces gape from scattered stages of worn down to craggy lumps, no mouths left to speak whatever wisdom or admonishments we so easily imagine graveling out. Eager for their impossible approval, we cast our forebears in stone. But, just as a fly finds elegant choreography in our most flailing jerks and slaps, the Apostles cannot answer our questions, nor do they know that we ask of them anything at all. What would we assume of prismatic soup, from which vine sinewy walls and bloom skeletal towers? Such enigmatic geometry, the Apostles ponder, alone with their igneous religion. Our awe would catch in their eyelashes were the lids not drawn ever wide, overexposed, overwritten. Ramses, at least, perceives, though briefly, the gnatish swarm over billowing wastes...

Comparative study of essential oil composition of Buddleja asiatica and Buddleja davidii aerial parts

Aerial parts of the plants, Buddleja asiatica Lour. and Buddleja davidii Franchet. were studied with a focus on essential oil composition by using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. A total of 15 and 17 components were identified representing 83.46% and 86.83% of the total oil of B. asiatica and B. davidii respectively. The major constituents in B. asiatica oil were n-tridecane (55.87%), 5-methylundecane (10.62%), n-dodecane (2.84%) and n-hexadecanol (2.76%), while B. davidii essential oil was found to contain n-dodecane (55.15%), 5-methylundecane (13.67%), iso-acorone (4.32%) and n-undecane (2.64%) as major components. Both the essential oils were found to contain hydrocarbons as major compounds. The major component detected in B. asiatica essential oil was found as minor component in B. davidii essential oil and vice versa. The plants can be further studied for their biological activities and to identify various chemotypes.

Comparative study of essential oil composition of Buddleja asiatica and Buddleja davidii aerial parts

Comparative study of essential oil composition of Buddleja asiatica and Buddleja davidii aerial parts

Editorial/Letters

Editorial/Letters

Ethnobotany of the Monpa ethnic group at Arunachal Pradesh, India

BackgroundThe present paper documents the uses of plants in traditional herbal medicine for human and veterinary ailments, and those used for dietary supplements, religious purpose, local beverage, and plants used to poison fish and wild animals. Traditional botanical medicine is the primary mode of healthcare for most of the rural population in Arunachal Pradesh.Materials and methodsField research was conducted between April 2006 and March 2009 with randomly selected 124 key informants using semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed through informant consensus factor (FIC) to determine the homogeneity of informant's knowledge on medicinal plants.ResultsWe documented 50 plants species belonging to 29 families used for treating 22 human and 4 veterinary ailments. Of the medicinal plants reported, the most common growth form was herbs (40%) followed by shrubs, trees, and climbers. Leaves were most frequently used plant parts. The consensus analysis revealed that the dermatological ailments have the highest FIC (0.56) and the gastro-intestinal diseases have FIC (0.43). FIC values indicated that there was high agreement in the use of plants in dermatological and gastro-intestinal ailments category among the users. Gymnocladus assamicus is a critically rare and endangered species used as disinfectant for cleaning wounds and parasites like leeches and lice on livestocks. Two plant species (Illicium griffithii and Rubia cordifolia) are commonly used for traditional dyeing of clothes and food items. Some of the edible plants recorded in this study were known for their treatment against high blood pressure (Clerodendron colebrookianum), diabetes mellitus (Momordica charantia), and intestinal parasitic worms like round and tape worms (Lindera neesiana, Solanum etiopicum, and Solanum indicum). The Monpas of Arunachal Pradesh have traditionally been using Daphne papyracea for preparing hand-made paper for painting and writing religious scripts in Buddhist monasteries. Three plant species (Derris scandens, Aesculus assamica, and Polygonum hydropiper) were frequently used to poison fish during the month of June-July every year and the underground tuber of Aconitum ferrox is widely used in arrow poisoning to kill ferocious animals like bear, wild pigs, gaur and deer. The most frequently cited plant species; Buddleja asiatica and Hedyotis scandens were used as common growth supplements during the preparation of fermentation starter cultures.ConclusionThe traditional pharmacopoeia of the Monpa ethnic group incorporates a myriad of diverse botanical flora. Traditional knowledge of the remedies is passed down through oral traditions without any written document. This traditional knowledge is however, currently threatened mainly due to acculturation and deforestation due to continuing traditional shifting cultivation. This study reveals that the rural populations in Arunachal Pradesh have a rich knowledge of forest-based natural resources and consumption of wild edible plants is still an integral part of their socio-cultural life. Findings of this documentation study can be used as an ethnopharmacological basis for selecting plants for future phytochemical and pharmaceutical studies.

Labracadabra (review)

Reviewed by: Labracadabra Kate Quealy-Gainer Nelson, Jessie . Labracadabra; by Jessie Nelson and Karen Leigh Hopkins; illus. by Deborah Melmon. Viking, 2011. 36p. ISBN 978-0-670-01251-0 $14.99 Ad Gr. 2-3. Zack doesn't just want a dog, he wants a dog he can be proud of: a big, purebred canine named Rex or Mac, a tough, smart dog that will make Zack the envy of the neighborhood. He's therefore disappointed when his parents show up with a mangy-looking mutt with an oddly behaved tail and the extra-boring moniker of "Larry." When a wag of his dog's tail quells the advances of a neighborhood bully and saves his allergic cousin from an aggressive bee, however, Zack starts thinking that perhaps Larry will make a fine pet after all. Like Patrick Jennings' Guinea Dog (BCCB 6/10), also about a seemingly disappointing pet who proves to have surprising abilities, this is all about wish fulfillment, and the various holes in the plot (what, for example, happens to the bully after Larry shrinks him to the size of a potted plant?) can therefore be forgiven or perhaps read as mere exaggerations of an overeager narrator. Unfortunately, the plodding prose is more of an issue, and while the short sentences and repetitive vocabulary may appeal to kids looking for an easy chapter book, even unsophisticated readers will note the awkward sentence structures and uneven pacing. Nonetheless, the humor here is right on target for the age group, and Zack offers up some nice zingers when contemplating the world of adults. The frenzied action of Larry's infamous tail features front and center in most of the comedic pencil-and-wash illustrations, adding to the slightly over-the-top tone. Dog lovers who lack actual dogs may well find Larry a serviceable addition to their collection of literary canine companions. Copyright © 2011 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

"Your Nose Has Again Smelled Right": Reflections on the Disputed Origin of Freud's Concept of Sublimation

In "Of Snips . . . and Puppy Dog Tails": Freud's Sublimation of Judentum ," Jay Geller discusses Freud's claim that he conceived his idea of sublimation while reading about the youthful dog-tail-cutting adventures of the future surgeon J. F. Dieffenbach in Heinrich Heine's The Harz Journey . Geller shows that the episode actually occurs in Heine's memorial to Ludwig Borne, a baptized Jewish critic and liberal publicist, and argues that Freud's error (together with a "canine caudal caesura" in the work of Georg Christophe Lichtenberg) is entwined with an irony that undermines the general approbation given to his concept of sublimation, namely, that the concept itself sublimates the correlation between psychoanalytic discourse and Freud's own Jewish identifications. In this article, I endorse but also extend Geller's argument by drawing attention to implications for his argument of the fact that Dieffenbach was a nose surgeon.

Antihepatotoxic Activity and Chemical Constituents of Buddleja asiatica Lour

A new natural compound, named 6-O-(3",4"-dimethoxycinnamoyl) catalpol, was isolated from the defatted alcoholic extract of the flowering parts of Buddleja asiatica Lour. (family Scrophulariaceae). Other separated known compounds included steroids (beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-O-glucoside, beta-sitosterol-O-glucoside), iridoid glucosides (methyl catalpol, catalpol, aucubin), phenylpropanoids (isoacteoside and acteoside), a triterpene saponin (mimengoside A), flavonoids (diosmin and linarin) in addition to the free sugars mannitol and sucrose. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the polar fraction of the flowering parts and the roots showed substantial antihepatotoxic activity comparable to that of the lignan silymarin.