Buddhist Teachings Research Articles

Makna Lotus dalam Lagu LiSA - GURENGE

This research contains the meaning of lotus in the song LiSA - Gurenge which has an implied meaning regarding the philosophical value of lotus which is analogous to the stages of human life. The purpose of this study is to describe the representation of the lotus flower and its meaning in the Gurenge song for Japanese society. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, see note, then the theoretical concept used in this research is the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. The results of this study found that there is a representation of the living teaching of the Lotus Sutra which is believed by Tiantai and Nichiren Buddhists who are widespread in East Asia. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the Gurenge song describes the human process in an effort to achieve the highest enlightenment to reach nirvana in accordance with Buddhist teachings

Pengaruh Pendidikan Buddhis Terhadap Penguatan Moralitas Pancadharma Siswa Beragama Buddha

Buddhist education pancadarma aims to guide individuals in practicing morality. This research applies quantitative research methods and focuses on correlational research. In this particular investigation, the main method used to collect data is through the distribution of questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that Buddhist education has a significant relationship with the strengthening of Pancadharma morality in Buddhist students. Linear regression indicates that about 29% of the variance in moral strengthening can be explained by Buddhist education. Statistical tests confirm that Buddhist education significantly enhances Pancadharma morality, with a low level of significance. This study highlights the important role of Buddhist education in shaping moral values in Buddhist students and provides a deep understanding of its relationship in the context of Buddhism.

SACRED ARCHITECTURE OF BUDDHISM AND SHINTO BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF ACTIVE CULTURAL INTERACTION BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN

The paper examines the sacred buildings of Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Shinto with the aim of identifying their characteristic features and differences prior to the onset of the active influence of Chinese civilization on Japan. The analysis is conducted in the aspect of the fundamental differences in the worldview between the Buddhist religious doctrine and the animistic beliefs of Shinto. Two authentic objects from both religious streams were chosen as examples: the monastery complex of the Foguang Temple (Shanxi Province, China), built in 857 AD, and the complex of the Ise Shrine (Mie Prefecture, Japan), constructed at different estimates from the 3rd to the 6th century AD. The Foguang Temple complex is characterized by a clear planning structure, imagery in compositional details, and discreteness in relation to the surrounding environment, as, according to Buddhist teachings, the surrounding world is a place of the soul's suffering. In the planning structure of the Ise Shrine complex, features of regular planning are only partially present, the imagery of the elements of the complex is not unambiguous, and a general characteristic is the synthesis with the surrounding environment, which, according to the nature of animistic worldview, is inherently sacred. The identified features have been reduced to several basic design principles that largely characterize the specified religious streams and, as a result, form the main difference in their architecture.

Buddha’s and Krishnamurti’s Teachings to Individual Intelligence to Religious Tolerance and Social Harmony

This paper aims to elaborate the teachings of Buddha and Jiddu Krishnamurti, with a concentration on their importance of individual growth that ultimately results in religious tolerance and social harmony. The literature review reveals that both the Buddha and the contemporary Jidddu Krishnamurti share a common emphasis on the development of the individual as the key to achieving social harmony and religious tolerance. The findings of the author disclose eight themes based on the literature review, including the importance of education. It is crucial for religious organizations, society, experts, scientists, educators, thinkers, decision-makers, politicians, and government officials to comprehend the contributions of Jiddu Krishnamurti and Buddha, and emphasize the multidimensional personal growth that can be achieved through their works. In this paper, the author hopes to contribute to a better understanding of these two great thinkers and their contributions to the promotion of a more peaceful and harmonious world.

Exploration of Pedagogical Approaches during the Buddhist Era

This research article explores the education system prevalent in ancient India during the era of the Buddha. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the teaching methods employed during that time and elucidate various facets and dimensions of teaching practices. The article examines insights gleaned from Buddhist literature and scriptures, focusing on the Buddha’s innovative and impactful teaching methods such as sermons, parables, and interactive exchanges. It also explores the pedagogical approaches of Buddhism, highlighting the egalitarian nature of Buddhist education and its inclusivity of individuals from all social backgrounds. The article discusses different teaching methods employed during the Buddhist era, including the Shravan method, imitation method, demonstration and practice method, interpretation method, lecture method, debate and logic method, seminar, conference and Shāstrārtha method, self-study method, and excursion method. The research article concludes by highlighting the enduring relevance of the teaching methods from the Buddha’s era in enriching the ancient culture and fostering a moral and virtuous society.

Lived Experiences Among Critically Ill and Near-Death Survivors Relating to the COVID-19 Infection: A Phenomenological Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe illnesses worldwide. Around 655.5 million cases were having been confirmed, including 6.6 million deaths. The extreme cases experienced near death in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study explored the survivors' experience of being near death while critically ill with the infection. A descriptive phenomenological study was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 participants from Northeastern Thailand. Content analysis was applied by using Creswell's strategy. Four themes emerged: (a) anxiety and fear of dying alone, (b) environmental chaos, (c) using Thai Buddhist teaching in coping, and (d) returning from the brink of death. Moreover, the patients felt great gratitude and were grateful to the health care team. Traumas experienced by patients in the ICU included physical and psychological distress, coping strategies, and an understanding of cultural awareness. Psychological and culturally congruent care should be implemented for patients in the ICU.

Pandangan Islam dan Buddha tentang Nafsu

This research aims to find out the similarities and differences in Islam and Buddhism related to lust, namely: first, in terms of understanding lust, these two religions have the same meaning even though they are different in terms of language but have the same meaning if taken from the Koran and Tripikata, because basically it comes from that same root. Second, they both believe that following one's desires will be very detrimental to oneself, even though it is different in terms of what it is called. Both Islam and Buddhism view lust as very dangerous. Both religions both recognize that lust can be controlled with certain methods. Islam views lust as having two characteristics, namely lust which leads to bad and which brings good. Meanwhile, Buddhism views lust as only evil. Apart from that, lust at the end of life in Islam, lust is purified from bad to clean lust, in contrast to Buddhist teachings where lust is eliminated to achieve happiness.

Connectedness to nature and psychological well-being among Thai Buddhists

ABSTRACT Connectedness to nature is significantly correlated with psychological well-being.‏ Although relevant published literature has been heavily skewed towards Western, Caucasian, and Christian samples.‏ Traditional Buddhist teachings in Thai culture guide Thais towards deep connection to nature.‏ The objective of this study is to investigate associations among connectedness to nature, psychological well-being, mindfulness and engagement with natural beauty among Thai Buddhists.‏ Four questionnaires were completed by 359 Thai Buddhists and path analysis was used to analyze the data.‏ Results show that connectedness to nature directly affects mindfulness, engagement with natural beauty, and psychological well-being, with significant standard coefficients of .20, .‏25, and .‏21, respectively.‏ Moreover, 24 percent of psychological well-being was explained by connectedness to nature, mindfulness, and engagement with natural beauty.‏ These findings help fill a gap in the published literature and provide essential cross-cultural validation of these constructs by exploring a non-western sample.‏

Emotional Harmony: Strategies for Building a Prosperous and Happy Buddhist Family (HITA SUKHAYA)

Humans as social creatures need interaction and depend on each other. So that this interaction can be in line with each individual, a group is formed. Family is the smallest group in life. A family is formed from a household life, but married life is a choice in Buddhism, so when the choice falls on married life it is necessary to pay attention to strategies to create a happy and prosperous family. Building a household is the same as building a house, a strong foundation is needed so that the house can stand firmly, likewise, with the right foundation for a household, a harmonious, prosperous and happy family will be created. When marriage is no longer just about two people but two families, uniting two individuals who may have different characters and emotions is not easy, let alone two families. For this reason, it is necessary to understand the right strategy to create harmony in household life based on Buddhist teachings. The method for this writing is qualitative with a descriptive approach through various literature studies. In this article, we will explain everything from self-preparation in choosing the right partner to make it easier to take further steps, understanding the nature of marriage to be more confident in carrying out domestic life, and also the economy which is a generator of prosperity which is quite a topic of disharmony in the household. at this time. There is great hope that after understanding all of these concepts, Buddhists who choose to live as married people can create a prosperous, happy and harmonious Buddhist family based on Buddhist teachings (Hita Sukhaya)

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AMONG MALAYSIAS DIVERSE SOCIETY

Religious practices in Malaysian society are an important aspect of their daily lives. Malaysia is a multicultural and multireligious country, with Islam being the predominant religion, while Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism are also recognized. In the religious practices in Malaysia, there are several key features that influence how Malaysian people carry out their religious beliefs.Firstly, Islam is the primary religion in Malaysia, with the majority of the population being Muslims. Islamic practices include performing the five daily prayers, fasting during the month of Ramadan, and adherence to Sharia law.Secondly, there are Buddhist religious practices among the Chinese and Thai communities in Malaysia. They follow Buddhist teachings by attending temples, engaging in meditation, and practicing values such as kindness and simplicity.Thirdly, the Indian community in Malaysia practices Hinduism. They worship various Hindu gods and goddesses through religious ceremonies, such as worship and offerings at Hindu temples. Festivals like Deepavali are also part of their religious practices.Fourthly, Christianity is also present in Malaysian society, especially among the indigenous population and the Chinese minority.They attend churches and perform religious rituals based on Christian teachings, including reading the Bible and celebrating Christmas.Fifthly, there are also minority religions such as Sikhism and traditional religions among the indigenous Orang Asli communities. They practice unique religious rituals based on their beliefs.Religious practices in Malaysia often closely intertwine with local culture and artistic heritage. Additionally, Malaysia celebrates various religious festivals with enthusiasm, reflecting the diversity and tolerance in Malaysian society.This study attempts to examine the overview of religious practices in the diverse society of Malaysia. The research uses qualitative methods involving data collection, data analysis usinghistorical research methodology, and document analysis. The study findings indicate that religious practices in Malaysian society reflect the religious and cultural diversity of the country. Despite differences in religious practices and beliefs, Malaysia has successfully achieved a unique religious harmony where various religious communities coexist peacefully and respect each other. This is a significant feature that enriches Malaysias cultural heritage.

Blessings on the Waves: Miraculous Encounters of Japanese Pilgrim Monks during Sea Voyages Transmitting Dharma from Southern Song China

The maritime route connecting the Chinese continent and the Japanese archipelago facilitated a significant exchange of commercial goods and sociocultural knowledge throughout the Southern Song dynasty. Within this context, Japanese pilgrim monks traveling along this route acted as key conduits for the transmission of Buddhist teachings. Their journeys profoundly influenced the establishment and development of new Buddhist monasteries in Japan. Focusing on biographical accounts that portray the experiences of these pilgrim monks during their twelfth- and thirteenth-century sea voyages, this paper aims to explore how these accounts drew on intertextual links with existing Buddhist records to fulfill the compilers’ intentions. Specifically, this paper examines the structure and sources of biographical accounts detailing miraculous encounters between pilgrim monks and Buddhist deities during perilous situations at sea. By interpreting the role of these deities in the corpus of Buddhist literature and within Japanese Buddhist monasteries founded by pilgrim monks, this paper argues that the increasing emphasis on pilgrim monks’ attainment of divine protection in their biographical records suggests a growing concern for reinforcing the authority of their dharma lineages. Moreover, the composition and reception of these miraculous accounts reflected the changing religious needs and reshaped strategies for promoting specific Buddhist sects in subsequent periods.

Ethical Dilemma and Compassionate Choices: Intersection of Buddhist Ethics and Euthanasia in India

Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, involves the act of ending a person's life to alleviate unbearable pain or suffering, or to facilitate a painless death in situations where life has lost its meaning and has become unpleasant. While, Buddhism is about being kind, paying attention, and stopping suffering, so it has a different view that might affect people and communities dealing with end-of-life decisions. Focusing on compassionate choices, the study examines how Buddhist principles influence perceptions and decisions regarding end-of-life care. Investigating the conflicts between Buddhist teachings, which emphasize compassion and the easing of distress, and the evolving legal landscape of euthanasia in India. In this paper we shed light on the nuanced ethical considerations and we suggest that people should work together and think carefully to find a good balance between what Buddhism teaches and the laws about euthanasia in India. This means including kindness and being aware of others in legal discussions and making sure everyone understands each other's viewpoints. The goal of this paper is to create a fair way that respects each person's rights while dealing with the deep ethical questions connected to Buddhism.

The Evolution of Political and Legal Thought in Ancient India: A Historical Perspective

This article delves into the evolution of political and legal thought in ancient India, with a focus on the influences of Brahmanism, the Laws of Manu, and the teachings of Buddha. The author takes a historical perspective, analyzing the developments and changes in ancient India's political and legal systems over the centuries. The article begins by discussing the influence of Brahmanism, the dominant religious and social order in ancient India. Brahmanism played a significant role in shaping political and legal thought through its emphasis on hierarchy, social roles, and duties. The author explores how Brahmanical beliefs influenced ancient India's governance, lawmaking, and societal structure. We examine the Laws of Manu, a key legal text in ancient India that codified social norms, ethics, and laws. The authors highlight the impact of the Laws of Manu on the political and legal landscape of ancient India, highlighting its influence on governance, justice, and social order in India today. We examine the teachings of Buddha and contributions to political and legal thought this belief community influenced society in ancient India particularly of how Buddha's emphasis on compassion, morality, and equality influenced political governance, law enforcement, and social justice in ancient Indian societies. Overall, this article provides in-depth analysis of the evolution of political and legal thought in ancient India, shedding light on the diverse influences of Brahmanism, the Laws of Manu, and the teachings of Buddha. Highlighting the historical developments in political and legal systems, we provide valuable insights into the intellectual and philosophical foundations of ancient Indian society.

아상(我相)이 만들어 내는 번뇌망상의 관찰과 불교문학상담치료 - 『대승기신론』, <구운몽>, 『삼국유사』 불교설화의 불교문학치료적 활용

This paper attempts to explore a new method of Buddhist counseling by connecting literary therapy and Buddhist teachings. This paper base on the premise that A-Sang, originating from the realm of the karma, psychologically afflicts and causes suffering in individuals.
 The Treatise on the Mahayana Awakening Mind serves as the foundational Buddhist theory, perfectly elucidating the differentiation of thoughts, arising, abiding, changing, ceasing. Therefore, this paper uses the theory of arising, abiding, changing, and ceasing from The Treatise on the Mahayana Awakening Mind as the basis for logical development. This paper uses Dream of the Nine Clouds(九雲夢) and Buddhist narratives in SamgukYusa as primary texts, illustrating the functioning process of A-Sang as vivid events. By interconnecting The Treatise on the Mahayana Awakening Mind, Dream of the Nine Clouds, and Buddhist narratives through a literary therapeutic perspective, this paper seeks to explore new avenues in Buddhist counseling. This paper examines the client's attitude towards the text through 'empathy and critique,' 'identification and distancing,' and 'self-reflection and introspection.' It is anticipated that individuals who have been influenced by A-Sang will be able to reconstruct their self-narratives authentically while following the process of transformation. Engaging in empathy, communication, trust, inclusivity, reconciliation, equality, fairness, compassion, and dedication, individuals will gradually approach their own narratives, breaking the boundaries imposed by A-Sang. Following this process, individuals will be able to rewrite their self-narratives authentically. This journey serves as a path towards the healing of psychological disorders through counseling and enlightenment through practice.

Ancient Indian Universities “Institutional Repository” to Create Global Visibility for Learning and Research – Review-Based Analysis

Purpose: Ancient higher education has excellent teaching and research. Takshila University has produced scholars such as Chanakya, author of the great book Arthashastra, Panini, a renowned Sanskrit scholar and grammarian, Charaka, the father of Indian medicine, Surgeon Jivaka Kumarabhattaa, Sharada Peetha Temple University has 5000 scholars like Kumarajiva Buddhist scholar, Thonmi Sambhota and Library, Pushapagiri University, Kanthalloor Sabha in Kerala, and Ujjaini University Alumni Brahmgupa and Bhaskar II. Dipankar Sri-Jnana, a prominent Vikramasila scholar, released over 200 volumes, while Mithila, a centre of Brahminical culture, produced intellectuals like Jagaddhara, who created writings such as Gita and Gita Govinda. These are the world's oldest institutions; no Institutional Repositories were discovered during the Vedic period, but the Buddhist period gave rise to Institutional Repositories, which house collections of books on various subjects. Scholars and students rely on institutional repositories. Takshashila University students come from all across Aryavrat, as well as from places like Greece, Arabia, Japan, Indonesia, Mongolia, and China. Nalanda University specializes in Buddhist education, but it also offers other courses. It contains a massive Institutional Repository of manuscripts from many curricula and Sanskrit texts totalling 5,00,000 shlokas. During the fifteenth century, Tibetan scholar Taranatha wrote about the nine-story library of Nalanda University with 9 million manuscripts and the Saraswati Mahal manuscript library of Tanjore in his travelogues about the Nalanda institutional repository namely Ratnasagara, Ratnodadhi, and Ratnaranjaka located in a complex called 'Dharmaganja'. The University Institutional Repository provides services to its members and community to threaten the institution's visibility, standing, and public ideals. Design/ Methodology/Approach: This is a literature-based paper that investigates ancient university research academics' contributions to Institutional Repositories established around the world to create visibility. Findings and Results: Ancient University Institutional Repositories are the house of millions of manuscripts, Sanskrit text, and its slokas contributed by alumni of the university and Scholars. Originality/Value/Novelty: The article's case study and literature studies disclose the Ancient University Repository and researchers' and teachers' contributions to the repository. Type of Paper: Literature Review.

Optimizing Academic: The Impact of Kalyāṇamitta (Good Friends) on Learning Discipline

Research using a quantitative approach and aims to explore the influence of Kalyāṇamitta (Good Friends) on the discipline of young learning. This research focuses on the important role of good friends in shaping an individual's understanding of the discipline of learning. Data collected from 73 respondents using relevant instruments. Regression analysis is used to examine the relationship between an independent variable, namely Kalyāṇamitta (good friend), and a dependent variable. The statistical test results show that the regression model has a good quality, with a determination coefficient (R Square) of 0.234 (23.4%), and there are indications of other factors that influence self-improvement of 76.6%. The results of the analysis of regression cofficients show that Kalyāṇamitta practice has a significant and positive influence on the discipline of young learning. The implication is that Kalyāṇamitta (good friend) can be a factor that supports the development of understanding and practice of Buddhist teachings in the context of discipline learning.

나말려초 鳳林山門의 형성과 분화

The era from late Silla to Early Goryeo Dynasty was a period requiring enormous transition to a new society in which armed conflicts occurred in every corners of the politically-divided states and men of local influence tried to gain political power. It was also a time when a con sequen tial priority should be given to stabilize the local refugees and relieve the starved people. In these circumstances Zen monks were committed to practical asceticism.
 Bonglim-sanmun was founded by Simhui, a Buddhist disciple of Monk Hyeonuk, in the long course of pilgrimage. It was divided and developed by his followers who studied in Tang Dynasty and returned to their homeland with the royal devotion of Silla and strong support of King Taejo of Goryeo. This thesis aims to understand the process focusing on the epitaphs of the monks Chungdam, Chanyu and Hongjun as well as their social activities.
 The religious division of Bonglim-sanmun began in earnest during the funeral in memory of his life and death after Simhui’s visit to Gyeongju. This trend, not irrelevant to the policy to actively embrace Buddhism in Goryeo era, is understood as Simhui’s diagnosis on the religion at the time the influence of positive will to redeem all the lives in the world. The campaign led to the formation of independent Buddhist sects such as Godalwon, Heungbeop Zen Institution and Gyeongcheong Institution, besides Bonglim Temple.
 The religious segment of Bonglim-sanmun is understood as the priest’s Zen spirit to widen Buddhist teachings to the fullest. It also explains his disciples’ cooperation with King Taejo’s efforts for national unification. Such activities are seen to have much in common with the open and practice-oriented Zen ideology of the key priests.

The Dynastic Deity of the Liao Imperial Family -The White-robed Guanyin Statue from the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda

The Liao shi and the Qidan guo zhi contain intriguing records about the Liao imperial family’s faith in the White-robed Guanyin. One is that Emperor Taizong enshrined a statue of the White-robed Guanyin at Xingwang Temple in Mt. Muye and honored the bodhisattva as a dynastic deity who guarded over the imperial family. The other is that Emperor Xingzong had the statue worshipped before others during Ji shan yi, the most prestigious sacrificial ritual to Mt. Muye. This study linked these written records with the White-robed Guanyin Statue excavated from the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda, commissioned by the imperial family during the reign of Emperor Xingzong, and examined the overall development of the faith in the Liao imperial family and the statue’s style and historical and religious background. Consequently, this examination revealed that Taizong introduced the faith of the White-robed Guanyin to pacify the discontented Han Chinese population within the empire. Xingzong, in turn, elevated the deity to the supreme position. This move profoundly impacted the faith of the people and the imperial family in the late Liao. The statue from the Qingzhou White Pagoda, in particular, with its white robe, low crown, and lotus bud, does not stop at embodying the Buddhist teachings but also represents the intricate union between the Liao imperial family’s lineage, unique ritual customs, distinct faiths, and enshrinement rituals that originated from Yanjing area, present-day Beijing. Among the surviving examples, this statue is one that most closely follows the shape of the dynastic deity of the Liao imperial family, showing that it was likely created under careful considerations of the Great Master Xuanyan Yungui, who was well-versed in the particular faith of the Liao imperial family.

온라인 불교교육에 대한 학습자 요구도 분석: FGI를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to examine learners’ needs related to online Buddhist education. For this purpose, focus group interviews were conducted and analyzed with seven learners who participated in online Buddhist education. Learners’ needs related to online Buddhist education were centered around ‘motivation to use online Buddhist education,’ ‘experience of participating in online Buddhist education,’ and ‘support needed to increase the field usability of online Buddhist education.’ From the ‘motivation for using online Buddhist education’, ‘desire to study Buddhism’, ‘acquiring psychological stability’, ‘communication with believers’, ‘desire to live a spiritual life’, and ‘strengthening accessibility to Buddhist content through non-face-to-face’ were derived. From the ‘experience of participating in online Buddhist education’, ‘various teaching methods through online’, ‘use of various class contents’, ‘progress-oriented classes’, ‘specific classes’, and ‘communication in non-face-to-face classes’ were derived. From ‘Support needed to increase field usability of online Buddhist education’ to ‘Need to improve system for non-face-to-face classes’, ‘Development of highly attractive non-face-to-face content’, ‘Development of communicative small group activity classes’, ‘Instructors and learners’ ‘Strengthening communication among students’, ‘Need to systematize non-face-to-face Buddhist curriculum’, ‘Need to evaluate online classes’, and ‘Need to consider non-face-to-face counseling’ were identified. This study is significant in that it contributed to deriving directions for the composition, content, and methods of online Buddhist education and diversifying Buddhism-related research methods by conducting a needs analysis of learners.

BUDDHIST EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ANCIENT INDIA: AN INTRODUCTION

Education in ancient India touched a high level of development both in the sphere of organised and unorganized sectors and provided water and manure to Indian knowledge traditions. Now ancient education system and culture is not only history but also became a reality through the adoption of its several features in National Education Policy 2020. The present essay will introduce the Buddhist education system and associated institutional culture in detail with its important features. It should be noted with emphasis that the structure of ancient Indian education primarily materialized from religions like Brāhmaṇism, Jainism and Buddhism. Especially in the process of consolidation and expansion religions like Brāhmaṇism and Buddhism played vital roles in creating, preserving and transmitting Indian knowledge through its gurukulas and mahāvihāras. The chapter will focus on Buddhist monasteries, which represent the beginning of the second stage of growth i.e. organised instruction in ancient India. Ancient Indian monasteries like Nālandā, Vikramaśīlā, Valabhī and Odantapurī were both a centre of Buddhism and the world-famous institution of learning. The organised and unorganised stages went on parallel and interacted with each other. Altogether the pre-modern Indian education became the world’s pinnacle with creation, preservation and transmission of the latest knowledge in both secular and religious subjects.