Buccal Epithelial Cells Of Patients Research Articles

Роль здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії Candida albicans та впливу на неї регуляторних цитокінів у перебігу інфекційного процесу у хворих на кандидоз слизової оболонки верхнього відділу травного тракту

Роль букальних епітеліоцитів у розвитку кандидозу та їх взаємозв’язок із особливостями цитокінового балансу у хворих на кандидоз верхнього відділу травного тракту продовжує вивчатися й сьогодні. Мета дослідження. Вивчити рівні цитокінів інтерлейкіну‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑4, IL‑6, IL‑8 та фактору некрозу пухлини альфа (ФНП-α) у хворих гастроентерологічного профілю з кандидозом верхнього відділу травного тракту і порівняти отримані дані з показниками здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії референтного штаму Candida albicans залежно від глибини ураження слизової оболонки. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено на букальних епітеліоцитах від 66 пацієнтів, які за результатами мікробіологічного дослідження зскрібка з язика та біоптатів стравоходу і шлунка розподілені на три групи. Перша група (1) — 31 пацієнт із орофарингеальним кандидозом і поверхневим ростом грибів у біоптатах, із них 1А підгрупа — 8 осіб із поверхневим ростом, друга група (2) — 25 хворих із інвазією грибів у слизову оболонку, третя група (3) — 10 осіб без орофарингеального кандидозу та без росту грибів. Результати. Показано, що середнє значення індексу адгезії букальних епітеліоцитів було у 1,3 і 1,6 раза вищим у 2 групі порівняно з 1 групою та 1А підгрупою (р < 0,05 і р < 0,05 відповідно). В обстежених пацієнтів значно знижений рівень IL‑4 (р < 0,001), на фоні якого у 1 і 2 групах спостерігається істотне підвищення рівня IL‑8 (р < 0,01 і р < 0,001), та у 1 групі — IL‑1β (р < 0,05). Пацієнтів 1А підгрупи відрізняє значно вищий рівень IL‑6 та ФНП-α порівняно із 2 групою (р < 0,05 і р < 0,05 відповідно). Підвищення здатності букальних епітеліоцитів до адгезії Candida albicans знаходиться у прямому кореляційному зв’язку з рівнем IL‑8 та у зворотному — з рівнем IL‑4, а залежно від глибини ураження слизової оболонки має різноспрямований зв’язок із IL‑6 та ФНП-α. Висновки. Характер перебігу інфекційного процесу залежить від здатності букальних епітеліоцитів хворих до адгезії Candida albicans, що пов’язана з особливостями у цитокіновому статусі пацієнтів.

DBD-FISH, an effective marker for detecting genotoxicity in buccal mucosa exfoliated cells of patients with oral cancer

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by increased genetic instability as an essential variable of event of neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic instability in exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa of patients with OSCC vs. the control group, using DNA Breakage Detection/Fluorescence In Situ hybridization (DBD-FISH). Exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa were obtained from 38 patients with oral cancer (case group) and from 10 individuals without oral lesions (control group). DNA damage was evaluated by DBD-FISH using the whole-genome DNA probe and digital imaging analysis. Collaterally, HPV infection was determined utilizing the INNO-LiPA HPV kit. Patients with OSCC showed an increase in the hybridization signal five times more intense than that of the baseline level of DNA damage detected in control individuals. The best cutoff value for predicting oral squamous cell carcinoma was 67.46, and an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 87. HPV detection analysis revealed than one patient with OSCC (2.6%) was positive for HPV. All controls were negative HPV. In conclusion, DBD-FISH permitted the clear visualization of level high of DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of patients with OSSC respect to control group. Chromosome instability in oral mucosa may be an individual marker of malignant transformation in OSCC.

Association Study of Nuclear Abnormalities and Polymorphisms of Oxidative Stress Genes with Endemic Goiter Incidence

Endemic goiter is one of the most common endocrine diseases in Russian Federation. There is a strong need for new methods to detect and treat this disease. Analysis of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells can be used to estimate overall exposure of patients to various endo- and exogenic factors associated with a disorder. We performed an association study of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells and as well polymorphisms of genes encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in patients with endemic goiter. We observed an increased frequency of nuclear abnormalities related to early stages of apoptosis and necrosis in buccal epithelial cells of patients with endemic goiter when compared to cells from healthy individuals. Nuclear abnormalities in patients with endemic goiter are more common in heterozygous carriers of minor alleles of SOD1 G7958A and SOD2 58T>C polymorphisms when compared to homozygous individuals. Furthermore the presence of minor allele of SOD2 60C>T polymorphism in individuals with endemic goiter decreases the frequency of nuclear abnormalities. The results of this study could be used for the further development of effective and low-cost methods of endemic goiter diagnostics.

Corrosion potential in artificial saliva and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in buccal epithelial cells of patients who underwent Ni-Cr based porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dental prostheses

Nickel–chromium(Ni–Cr) based alloys account for the majority of the porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dental prostheses(PFM-FDPs) on account of their superior properties despite both nickel and chromium being known as human carcinogens. Understanding the genotoxicity and the cytotoxicity alongside the characteristics of corrosion behavior of the alloy is vital for understanding their biocompatibility. This study has evaluated whether the Ni-Cr based alloys corroded in artificial saliva by analyzing alloy decomposition at different pH levels and immersion durations(7, 14, 21, and 28 days) using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrophotometry(ICP-OES). The principal aim of the study was to determine the possible genotoxicity and cytotoxicity using micronucleus(MN) and other nuclear anomaly frequencies [nuclear bud(NBUD), binucleated(BNC), condensed chromatin(CC), karyorrhectic(KhC), pyknotic(PC) and karyolytic(KC) cells] and various cytome parameters [basal cells(BC), differentiated cells(DF)] with the buccal epithelial cell(BEC) micronucleus cytome assay(BMCyt). This test was administered at 1 pre- and 3 post-treatment time points to 40 patients who underwent installation of PFM-FDPs made of Ni-Cr based alloy. Furthermore, at the final post-treatment time point, saliva cotinine levels were measured with salivary cotinine quantitative enzyme immunoassay(EIA) kit and information obtained by questionnaire prior to the first pre-treatment time point was confirmed. The highest greatest release of Ni and Cr ions were seen at pH 2.3. MN and micronucleated cell frequencies, and BNC cell frequencies were significantly elevated at post-treatment time points(p < 0.03). BC, CC, KhC, PC and KC cell frequencies however were not significantly different between pre-and post-treatment time points(p > 0.05). MN frequency was significantly lower in non-smokers than in current and former smokers(p < 0.001) at the pre-treatment time point. There was no significant correlation between the unit number of PFM-FDPs and MN frequencies. Our results revealed that Ni-Cr based alloys are prone to corrosion and that PFM-FDPs fabricated with Ni-Cr based alloys may induce genotoxic effects rather than cytotoxic effect.

Expression of circadian rhythm genes CLOCK, BMAL1, and PER1 in buccal epithelial cells of patients with essential arterial hypertension in dependence on polymorphic variants of CLOCK and BMAL1 genes.

The transcript levels of circadian rhythm genes CLOCK, BMAL1, and PER1 in buccal epithelial cells of the patients with essential arterial hypertension was analyzed in relation to polymorphic variants of CLOCK and BMAL1 genes. These levels were assessed with realtime PCR method at daily hours 9, 13, and 17. The significant differences were revealed in transcript levels of the examined genes in patients with various genotypes at the polymorphic markers 3111TC and 257TG regulatory regions of CLOCK gene. The study detected no significant differences among the carriers of various genotypes at polymorphic markers 862TC and 2121GA of CLOCK gene and 56445TC of BMAL1 gene.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the buccal epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with three light-cured bonding composites by using micronucleus testing.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites-Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)- to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities.ResultsMN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F (0.80 ± 0.79 to 1.90 ± 1.10; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo (1.30 ± 1.06 to 2.40 ± 1.08; p < 0.05) groups.ConclusionsAfter 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

Evaluation of micronuclear frequencies in both circulating lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells of patients with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid contact reactions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei (MNs) in both circulating lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells of patients with oral lichenoid contact reactions (OLCRs) or with oral lichen planus (OLP) and compare their MN scores with those of healthy controls (HCs). The study group included 21 patients (mean age 51.3±12.4; 6 males, 15 females) with OLCRs and 22 patients (mean age 47.6±14.4; 4 males, 18 females) with OLP who were clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed according to WHO diagnostic criteria (WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Precancerous Lesions, 1978). All patients with OLCR demonstrated contact allergy to tested dental materials when evaluated by skin patch testing according to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG), while all OLP patients tested negative to patch testing. Seventeen individuals with no oral mucosal disorders (mean age 51.7±11.3; 8 males, 9 females) were recruited to constitute the healthy control group. [Correction added on 30 May 2014, after first online publication: the term, 'mean age' has been added to the text in parenthesis throughout the Material and Methods section.] Clinical features including type of OLP, location, disease severity, presence of skin lesions, presence of systemic disease including any allergies and dental (periodontal) status were recorded. MN analyses were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes and on smears of buccal epithelial cells of all three study groups. Most OLP and OLCR lesions were of reticular type (83%), and OLP lesions were distributed bilaterally on the buccal mucosa (90.5%). The medians of MN frequencies in buccal epithelial cells in OLP and OLCR groups were significantly higher when compared with HC group (P<0.001). [Correction added on 30 May 2014, after first online publication: in the results, 2nd sentence, the word 'lymphocytes' has been removed.] There was no significant difference between OLP group (14.5 range 3-95) and OLCR group (16.0 range 3-93) in terms of median MN frequencies in buccal epithelial cells (P=0.724) nor in peripheral lymphocytes between OLP group (2.0 range 0-7) and OLCR group (1.0 range 0-6) (P = 0.92). [Correction added on 30 May 2014, after first online publication: (P = 0.92) was wrongly placed after 'peripheral lymphocytes' and has now been shifted to the end of the last sentence.] Micronuclei scores do not distinguish OLP from OLCR when using buccal smears. OLP and OLCR both demonstrated significantly higher MN frequencies in buccal cells, compared with healthy controls. MN assessment in both buccal epithelial cells and circulating lymphocytes may serve as a potential biomarker tool for evaluating any cancer risk in OLP and OLCR. [Correction added on 30 May 2014, after first online publication: the first and second sentences in the conclusions have been slightly changed.].