Sialolithiasis is an obstructive glandular disorder that affects the salivary ductal system, forming a calcified tissue (sialolith), which prevents salivary flow and causes recurrent infections. The rare incidence in sublingual gland is due to the ductus being shorter and having multiple openings. We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient who reported spontaneous painful symptoms and swelling in buccal floor area. We observed during the clinical examination, a recurrent lesion of nodular aspect, located in the left buccal floor region, with a normochromic coloration, firm consistency, normal surface and measuring 3.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm. The radiographic examinations and ultrasonography of the sublingual gland evinced the diagnostic hypothesis of sialolith. We performed an excisional biopsy, the removed material was sent for histopathological analysis, which revealed mineralized fragment compatible with sialolith. Based on the clinical and imaging findings, the diagnosis was sialolithiasis. Sialolithiasis is an obstructive glandular disorder that affects the salivary ductal system, forming a calcified tissue (sialolith), which prevents salivary flow and causes recurrent infections. The rare incidence in sublingual gland is due to the ductus being shorter and having multiple openings. We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient who reported spontaneous painful symptoms and swelling in buccal floor area. We observed during the clinical examination, a recurrent lesion of nodular aspect, located in the left buccal floor region, with a normochromic coloration, firm consistency, normal surface and measuring 3.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm. The radiographic examinations and ultrasonography of the sublingual gland evinced the diagnostic hypothesis of sialolith. We performed an excisional biopsy, the removed material was sent for histopathological analysis, which revealed mineralized fragment compatible with sialolith. Based on the clinical and imaging findings, the diagnosis was sialolithiasis.