Bryophytes of the Rhône alluvial complexes : flora, vegetation and functionality. Bryophytes are still too rarely used in ecological diagnostic, in particular in alluvial systems. The surveys carried out on a section of the Rhône, going from Jonage to Montélimar, allowed to draw up a first synthesis of the bryoflora and to describe the bryophyte vegetation of the Rhône alluvial complexes. The river dynamics (erosion, sedimentation, flooding) has fundamental consequences from floristic and vegetation points of view. The ecological constraints (hydric, nutrients), expressed from the main channel up to the flood plain, are responsible for a high floristic and vegetation richness. The anthropization, although a factor of enrichment, represents a major degradation of the typical bryoflora of the connected alluvial system. In highly artificialized systems, the disconnection allows the preservation of refugium habitats. The preservation of the bryophytic heritage rests on a subtle balance between re-energization of the river and management of the human pressure.