Brushing Behavior Research Articles

The self-assembly behavior of polymer brushes induced by the orientational ordering of rod backbones: a dissipative particle dynamics study.

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were used to study the self-assembly behavior of polymer brushes with rod-coil backbones, polycaprolactone-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-g-PCL-b-PDMAEMA), and to further examine the influences of polymer concentration, rod-block proportion and distribution of backbones and the grafting density of side chains on the resulting aggregate conformations. We proposed the "rod-coil competitive mechanism" for the self-assembly of polymer brushes with rod-coil backbones. The results indicated that the micellar structures mainly depend on the relative intensity between the orientational ordering of rod blocks and the disordered packing of the flexible blocks. The cylindrical micelles were formed when the orientational order of the rod blocks predominates, while the disorder of the flexible blocks contributes to the formation of spherical micelles. We further proved that the competitive relationship is affected by polymer concentration, rod-block proportion and distribution of backbones and the grafting density of side chains. The increasing rod-block proportion, the rod-coil-rod backbones and the asymmetric grafting side chains are beneficial to the orientation order of the brush-like polymer in the self-assembly process, thereby inducing the formation of the cylindrical micelles. The self-assembly mechanism of the rod-coil copolymer proposed in this study provides guidance and a theoretical basis for the design and regulation of novel and complex polymer aggregates.

The behavior of tooth brushing with miswak extract toothpaste using a roll technique on the gingival health status of teenagers aged 13-15 years

Behavior is one of the factors causing dental and oral health problems which is influenced by lack of knowledge. Teenagers aged 13-15 years is a critical age of periodontal disease. Riskesdas data (2018) shows the prevalence of dental and oral health problems 57.6% which often occur to teenagers, namely gingivitis. Siwak natural ingredients, contain antibacterial as an alternative treatment for gingivitis. This research aims to determine the effect of tooth brushing behavior with miswak extract toothpaste using a roll technique on the gingival health status of teenagers aged 13-15 years. Method: quasi experimental design one group pretest and posttest design. Sample: 18 adolescents aged 13-15 years. The research path of respondents were given a tooth brushing behavior questionnaire, examination of gingival health status using the gingival index. Data analysis: Paired Sample T-Test test. Results: before the treatment of tooth brushing with miswak extract toothpaste using a roll technique, there are 10 respondents (55.6%) in the sufficient category and there are 14 respondents (77.7%) with moderate health status of gingiva, after the treatment: there are 9 respondents (50%) in the good category of tooth brushing behavior and 11 respondents (61.1%) with mild gingival health status. The results of Paired Sample T-Test of tooth brushing behavior p-value 0,000 (<0.05), gingival health status p-value 0,000 (<0.05). Conclusion: there is an influence of tooth brushing behavior with miswak extract toothpaste using roll technique on the gingival health status of teenagers aged 13-15 years.

Revitalizing School Dental Health Effort through ?Model 222? as a Strategy to Achieve Caries-Free Indonesia 2030

The tooth brushing program together is a self-preservation effort for elementary school children. The tooth brushing program that has been implemented in schools has not been able to change the tooth brushing behaviour of elementary school students, indicated by the value of OHI-S = 1.3; DMF-T = 1.09, def-t = 1.78, indicating the condition is below the national target 2010. Improvements in the behavioural aspects need to be done to improve the dental health status of elementary school students. One of the changes in behaviour influenced by information. Information will be stored as much as 20% if delivered through visuals, 50% if delivered through audio-visual media and 70% if implemented in real practice. to generate alternative changes in tooth brushing behaviour through brushing teeth audio-visual in elementary school students and analyse their effectiveness. Research and Development (R&D) with stages: information gathering, design, expert validation and revision as well as testing (using the Quasi-Experimental Control Group Pre-test and Post-test Design method). The test sample was divided into two, the 222 (intervention), and brushing teeth 21 days (control) group. The results of expert validity showed that the 222 was feasible as an effort to form the teeth brushing behaviour of elementary school children (p = 0.020). Model 222 was more effective in increasing teacher knowledge, attitudes and skills than brushing teeth 21 days (control) p = (0,002). The 222 was more effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and skills of dokter kecil (elementary school student child doctor) than brushing teeth 21 days (control) p-value 0.05 but the mean value in the intervention group was bigger. The 222 was more effective in increasing knowledge, attitudes, skills, and reducing debris scores in elementary school students compared to the 21 days program (control) p = 0.000. from the results of the research, it can be concluded that the model 222” effectively shaped the teeth brushing behaviour of teachers, elementary school student child doctor and the skills of brushing teeth and dental hygiene of students at school.

부산지역 일부 학교 내 구강보건교육 경험에 따른 간식섭취 및 칫솔질 행태에 연구 : 초등학교 4학년을 중심으로

부산지역 일부 학교 내 구강보건교육 경험에 따른 간식섭취 및 칫솔질 행태에 연구 : 초등학교 4학년을 중심으로

Design and sample characteristics of COordinated Oral health Promotion (CO-OP) Chicago: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

COordinated Oral health Promotion (CO-OP) Chicago is a two-arm cluster-randomized trial with a wait-list control. The primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of an oral health community health worker (CHW) intervention to improve oral health behaviors in low-income, urban children under the age of three years. Exploratory aims will determine cost-effectiveness, and if any CHW intervention impact on child tooth brushing behaviors varies when CHWs are based out of a medical clinic compared to a community setting. This paper describes progress toward achieving these aims. Participating families were recruited from community social service centers and pediatric primary care medical clinics in Cook County, Illinois. Sites were cluster-randomized to CHW intervention or usual services (a wait-list control). The intervention is oral health support from CHWs delivered in four visits to individual families over one year. The trial sample consists of 420 child/caregiver dyads enrolled at the 20 participating sites over 11 months. Participant demographics varied across the sites, but primary outcomes values at baseline did not. Data on brushing frequency, plaque, and other oral health behaviors are collected at three timepoints: baseline, 6-, and 12-months. The primary analysis will assess differences in caregiver-reported child brushing frequency and observed plaque score between the two arms at 12-months. The trial is currently in the active intervention phase. The trial's cluster-randomized controlled design takes a real-world approach by integrating into existing health and social service agencies and collecting data in participant homes. Results will address an important child health disparity. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03397589. Clinical trial registrationUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Protocol Record 2017–1090. National Institutes of Dental & Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (NIDCR) Protocol Number: 17–074-E. NCT03397589

Effect of Expanded Graphite on the Tribological Behavior of Tin–Bronze Fiber Brushes Sliding against Brass

Fiber brushes with expanded graphite (EG) as a lubricant were successfully prepared. Compression properties of brushes filled with unbent fibers and bent fibers with different packing fractions were compared. Moreover, the friction and wear behaviors of the brushes with the same fiber packing fractions (17.5 vol%) but different EG volume contents were investigated. The effect of EG content on the tribological behavior of the fiber brush was analyzed according to the microstructure, debris, and worn surface of the brush and counterface disc. Results showed that both the elastic constant and compression strength of the brushes filled with bent fibers increased with an increase in packing fraction. Brushes filled with 17.5 vol% bent fibers had similar compression strength (2.69 MPa) but a lower elastic constant (150 N/mm) compared to the brush filled with 17.5 vol% unbent fibers (2.62 MPa and 425 N/mm). The friction coefficients and wear rates of the brushes decreased from 1.02 and 1.6 × 10−5 mm3/Nm to 0.25 and 0.28 × 10−5 mm3/Nm as the EG increased to a critical value (23.7 vol%). The worn surface and wear debris demonstrate that the wear mechanism of tin–bronze fiber brushes with EG sliding against brass discs transforms from adhesive wear to abrasive wear due to the formation of an EG lubricating film.

Tuning the Properties of Nanogel Surfaces by Grafting Charged Alkylamine Brushes.

Nanogels are chemically crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles endowed with high encapsulation ability, tunable size, ease of preparation, and responsiveness to external stimuli. The presence of specific functional groups on their surfaces provides an opportunity to tune their surface properties and direct their behavior. In this work, we used mesoscale modeling to describe conformational and mechanical properties of nanogel surfaces formed by crosslinked polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine, and grafted by charged alkylamine brushes of different lengths. Simulations show that both number of chains per area and chain length can be used to tune the properties of the coating. Properly selecting these two parameters allows switching from a hydrated, responsive coating to a dried, highly charged layer. The results also suggest that the scaling behavior of alkylamine brushes, e.g., the transition from a mushroom to semi-dilute brush, is only weakly coupled with the shielding ability of the coating and much more with its compressibility.

MOGIGU (MENGGOSOK GIGI ASYIK DENGAN LAGU) TO INCREASE BRUSHING TEETH OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Tooth brushing programs that have been carried out in schools have not been able to change the brushing behavior of elementary school students, shown by OHI-S value = 1.3; DMF-T=1.09, def-t=1.78. Program improvement in behavioral aspects needs to be done to improve the dental health level of elementary school students. Behavioral changes are influenced by information. Information will be stored as much as 20% if delivered through visuals, 50% of the cost is delivered through audiovisual media and 70% if implemented in real practice. Analyze the effectiveness of the audiovisual media model on tooth brushing habits of schoolchildren Method is Quasy experiment with pretest and posttest with control group design. The sample was divided into 2 groups, the audiovisual model in the intervention group, and the brushing program in the control group. The treatment was carried out for 21 days, the measurements were carried out pre-experiment, 25th and 35th days. Data were tested using the test freedman post hoc Wilcoxon, Man Whitney repeated, and Kruskal. On the 25th-day measurement of significant changes in variable ways, long brushing teeth p0.05. At the 35th day measurement, there was a significant change in the method variable, morning brushing teeth p0.05. This model is effective against the formation of the habit of brushing teeth indicated by p0.001. Mogigu model’s has the potential as an alternative to brush your teeth together in school so that it can be applied in the School Dental Health Business.

Randomized Controlled Trial on Effects of a Brief Clinical-Based Intervention Involving Planning Strategy on Self-Care Behaviors in Periodontal Patients in Dental Practice.

Background: Strengthening adherence to self-care behaviors in patients with periodontal disease (PD) and reducing the plaque index is crucial for improving PD treatment. We evaluated the effectiveness of a theory of planned behavior (TPB)-based health education intervention involving a planning strategy on self-care behaviors in patients with PD. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted; 158 and 139 patients comprised the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. Both groups received a leaflet, and the EG also received a planning intervention, which was a brief one-on-one counseling session with a planning sheet. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Between-group comparisons of TPB measures revealed significant differences in all domains when controlling for baseline covariates. The EG exhibited significantly higher levels of action and coping planning than the CG at two-week follow-up (effect size (ES) = 5.54 and 5.57, respectively) and six-week follow-up (ES = 5.66 and 5.66, respectively). Between-group differences in changes of brushing behaviors increased significantly. More frequent use of dental floss was observed in the EG than in the CG at two-week and six-week follow-ups (24.7% and 22.8%, respectively). Conclusions: The intervention involving planning strategy effectively promoted adherence to self-care behaviors in patients with PD.

Giant Hyaluronan Polymer Brushes Display Polyelectrolyte Brush Polymer Physics Behavior.

Polyelectrolyte brushes are important stimuli-responsive materials in a variety of technological applications as well as in biological systems. Their small size, however, introduces characterization challenges, particularly in studying 3D structure and time-dependent behavior. In this Letter, we report on the polyelectrolyte brush behavior of extra-large hyaluronan brushes (∼15 μm) recently developed using an enzyme-mediated growth process. In response to increasing ionic strength, the brush displays the osmotic brush regime and the salted brush regime. We also show a collapse of 96% when the brush is placed in a poor solvent. This collapse is rapid when changing from a good to poor solvent, but re-expansion is slow when changing back to a good solvent. The observed brush behavior described in this Letter is similar to that seen for smaller polyelectrolyte brushes, indicating that these larger brushes may serve as model systems to study more complex phenomena through confocal microscopy.

Spontaneous Tilting Transition in Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Brushes

The equilibrium phase behavior of main-chain liquid-crystalline polymer brushes in good solvent is investigated using self-consistent field theory. The calculation assumes semidilute brushes, where the grafting density is sufficient to cause overlap among the polymers but low enough to allow the solvent to be treated implicitly. The polymers are modeled as semiflexible wormlike chains with Maier–Saupe interactions. Previous calculations based on freely jointed chains have predicted that extended brushes collapse into folded nematic brushes, as the liquid-crystalline interaction strength is increased. For the more sophisticated model of wormlike chains, which penalizes hairpin folds, we find that extended brushes become unstable with respect to tilting prior to the onset of folding. This implies that the brushes spontaneously collapse by a symmetry-breaking transition, where the chains tilt rather than fold.

Promoting parenting strategies to improve tooth brushing in children: design of a non-randomised cluster-controlled trial

BackgroundTooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste is a key recommendation in evidence-based guidelines for caries prevention. Parents generally have sufficient knowledge to practice tooth brushing for their child, yet many experience barriers to actually implement the behaviour. Common barriers are associated with difficult child behaviour, stress, poor family organisation and management of routines. These underlying determinants of tooth brushing behaviour should be addressed in caries-preventive interventions.The ‘Uitblinkers’ intervention is a semi-structured interview method developed for oral healthcare professionals (OHPs), with the aim to improve the practice of twice daily tooth brushing in children. The interview method focusses on 1) identifying parents’ barriers to tooth brushing, and 2) promoting parenting strategies (related to tooth brushing) to tackle the identified barriers. The intervention applies principles from learning theory, including stimulus control, operant conditioning and authoritative parenting. This paper describes a study protocol to evaluate the effect of the intervention.MethodsThis non-randomised cluster-controlled trial will be conducted in 40 general dental practices in The Netherlands. Intervention practices will implement the intervention in addition to care as usual, while control practices will only provide care as usual. From each dental practice, a random sample of 3 to 4-year-old children will be recruited. The intervention consists of three sessions between an OHP and parent, in which parenting strategies for identified barriers are discussed. The primary study outcome is children’s dental caries experience after 24 months. Secondary outcomes include parents’ self-efficacy in brushing their children’s teeth, tooth brushing frequency in children and children’s dental plaque scores. Differences in outcomes between the intervention and control group will be assessed using logistic and negative binomial regression. The feasibility of the intervention will be assessed through process evaluation.DiscussionFindings of this study will ascertain whether promoting parenting strategies is a successful method to improve tooth brushing in children and to prevent childhood dental caries in a clinical dental setting.Trial registrationThis trial is registered with the Netherlands National Trial Register (registration date: 7 September 2018; trial registration number: NTR7469).

Factors Influencing Children’s Tooth Brushing Intention: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Objective: The aim of the present study was to employ the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict and explain intentions and motivations to brush teeth among primary school children in Northern Ireland (NI).Design: Primary schools in NI were sorted by a number of key stratification variables and then randomly sampled. Twenty-seven schools took part in the research, and a questionnaire that incorporated both direct and indirect constructs of the TPB, related to tooth brushing behaviour, was administered to a sample of 867 year six school children.Results: Multiple regression analyses provided support for the TPB; together the TPB constructs predicted 57.1% of the variance in intentions to brush teeth. Correlational analyses confirmed self-efficacy as having the strongest association with intentions, followed by attitude, subjective norm and perceived control.Conclusion: The findings obtained in the present study suggest that the TPB is a useful framework for investigating children’s tooth brushing intentions, and provides the foundation for designing an intervention aimed at encouraging tooth brushing behaviour among children.

Tooth brushing habits and prevalence of early childhood caries: a prospective cohort study

PurposeTo study the relationship between the tooth-brushing habits during the preschool ages and caries prevalence at the age of 5 years and to investigate a possible association with the mode of delivery.MethodsThe study population consisted of 336 children that were orally examined at 2, 3 and 5 years. All stages of caries were scored on tooth and surface level. Data on tooth brushing behaviour were collected through semi-structured interviews.ResultsAt 5 years, the attrition rate was 13.1%. The total caries prevalence (cavitated and non-cavitated lesions) was 18.9%. The vast majority of the parents assisted their child with the brushing and 98% used fluoride toothpaste. The relative risk (RR) for caries was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for “tooth brushing less than twice daily” at two (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3, p < 0.01) and 3 years (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0–6.7; p < 0.001). Likewise, reporting “major/minor difficulties to perform tooth brushing” at 2 and 3 years was significantly related to caries development at the age of five (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.4, p < 0.05 and RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.3; p < 0.01). We found no significant association between the tooth brushing habits and the mode of delivery.ConclusionsLess than twice daily tooth-brushing and difficulties to perform the procedure during the first preschool years were significant determinants of caries prevalence at the age of 5 years. Health professionals should, therefore, give special attention and assist parents to improve and optimize their tooth brushing behaviour during the preschool years.

Effects Of Training On Brushing Behavior

Effects Of Training On Brushing Behavior

Stable and Prolonged Autonomous Oscillation in a Self-Oscillating Polymer Brush Prepared on a Porous Glass Substrate.

We developed an autonomous functional surface, named a "self-oscillating polymer brush surface", which exhibits swelling-deswelling of the modified polymer chains synchronized with the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The grafted polymer chain is a random copolymer composed of thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide, N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide, and ruthenium tris(2,2'-bipyridine) [Ru(bpy)3]. To provide stable oscillations over a long period of time, suppression of the dilution of the BZ reactants inside the polymer surface and the increase in the amount of immobilized Ru(bpy)3 are important. Here, we modified the self-oscillating polymer brush on a porous glass substrate and characterized its dynamic behavior. The increased surface area of the porous glass allowed for an efficient introduction of the metal catalyst, which resulted in a stable BZ reaction observable by optical microscopy. Compared with an aqueous BZ solution and the self-oscillating polymer modified on a glass coverslip, the wave velocity and diffusion coefficient were significantly lower for the porous glass system, which suggested that the reaction-diffusion of the reactants was markedly different than those of the other two systems. Moreover, the wave velocity was unchanged on the porous glass system for 1 h, whereas that of the solution dropped by 30 μm s-1. Waveform analyses based on the Field-Körös-Noyes mechanism revealed that densely packed Ru(bpy)3 in the porous glass system affects the duration of the key processes in the BZ reaction. These findings can help with understanding the dynamic behavior of the self-oscillating polymer brush on a porous glass substrate. Stable self-oscillations on the polymer brush-grafted porous glass substrate will aid future applications such as mass transport systems.

Factors influencing the severity of dental caries among Indonesian children with autism spectrum disorder - a pilot study.

AimTo assess the prevalence of dental caries among autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children in Surabaya, Indonesia, and to explore the association between oral health-related behaviors comprising toothbrushing, snacking and dental visiting and the severity of caries.MethodsThe prevalence and severity of caries were assessed using DMF-T/dmf-t and PUFA/pufa indexes for mixed dentitions. The parents or carers’ responses were collected to identify the oral health-related behaviors that were associated with caries severity.ResultsThis study shows that almost 79% of ASD children in Surabaya were experiencing caries and 47.1% had untreated caries with pulp involvement or more severe conditions. Oral health behaviour factors associated with the severity of dental caries experienced by children with autism were brushing frequency (Β [95% CI] =2.46 [0.09–4.83] and 2.03 [0.78–3.28]), brushing time (Β [95% CI] =3.76 [1.32–6.20] and 2.03 [0.74–3.32]) and cleansing after snack (B [95% CI] = 2.04 [0.20–3.89] and 1.21 [0.23–2.18]) in DMF-T/dmf-t and PUFA/pufa indexes, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of caries among children with autism in Surabaya was high. The severity was associated with brushing and snacking behaviors. Caries in children with autism should be paid attention, and research in modifying daily activities are needed to allow them to adopt more healthy oral health-related behaviors.

Long-term stability and salt-responsive behavior of polyzwitterionic brushes with cross-linked structure

Polyzwitterionic brushes with strong anti-polyelectrolyte effect have shown great potential as smart surfaces for tunable lubrication, protein absorption/desorption, and bacteria killing and release. However, due to the brush structure in which polymer chain is tethered on the substrate by one end, this surface is easily destroyed from the detachment of the brush, greatly limiting its real-world applications. To solve this problem, herein, cross-linked structure was introduced in poly(3-(dimethyl (4-vinylbenzyl) ammonium) propyl sulfonate) (polyDVBAPS) brushes to offer the long-term stability. The cross-link structure was fabricated by adding a cross-linker during the surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, and the effect of such structure on the surface morphology, salt-responsive behavior, and long-term stability were investigated. The results indicated that the cross-link structure with tunable cross-link density could be readily prepared by this method. The responsive behaviors, such as switch between friction and lubrication, bacteria release in response to salt solution, were well-retained by the cross-linked polyDVBAPS brush. More importantly, high long-term stability was endowed by the cross-link structure, from which the cross-linked brush not only showed long-time lubrication and high load resistance during friction measurements, but also exhibited a high retention ratio (more than 90%) of bacteria release capability even after 30 water/salt solution switch cycles, in contrast, the non-cross-linked brush showed a low retention ratio of ˜50% after the similar treatment. These results indicated that cross-linked structure could be an efficient method to enhance the stability of responsive polymer brushes and greatly strengthen the practicability of such brushes in real-world applications.

Pengaruh Agen Sosialisasi dan Iklan TV terhadap Sikap dan Perilaku Menyikat Gigi pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to analyze the influence of socialization from peers, family / parents, schools, and television advertisements on the attitude and behavior of brushing teeth. The study was conducted in two groups of fifth grade elementary school students in South Tangerang who had been exposed and who had not been exposed to a healthy school program selected using multistage sampling. The total number of respondents was 240 students from four different schools with each group consisting of 120 students from two schools selected using the quota sampling approach. Data was collected by self-reporting techniques and analyzed using descriptive analysis, different tests, and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed a significant difference between the two groups of students on socialization variables from peers, family/parents, socialization of TV ads, attitudes, and brushing behavior. The results showed that in the group of students exposed to healthy school programs, attitudes were influenced by variables of socialization from family/parents and TV ads socialization. Attitudes didn’t have a significant effect on toothbrushing behavior. Child’s toothbrushing behavior was significantly influenced by socialization from school. Meanwhile, toothbrushing behavior in groups of students who had not been exposed to a healthy school program was influenced by the TV advertisements socialization.

Toothbrushing behavior in children \u2013 an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12 year olds

BackgroundMany countries offer systematic group prevention programs in kindergarten and school in order to promote children’s oral health. Little is known, however, about the actual toothbrushing abilities of children when group prevention programs end.MethodsIn Germany, all children take advantage from a nationwide group prevention program (called “Gruppenprophylaxe”) lasting from kindergarten up to sixth grade (12 years of age). Standardized recommendations are given concerning brushing systematics and brushing movements. N = 174 children at the age of 12 were thus randomly selected from two German towns and were asked to perform toothbrushing to the best of their abilities in front of a mirror which also served as a camera. Brushing behavior was analyzed by video analysis.ResultsChildren brushed their teeth for an average of 200 s ± 80.48 s (mean ± SD). Still, more than 55% missed at least one sextant when brushing inner surfaces, 16% missed them all. Only 7.5% of the children brushed both inner and outer surfaces by the intended movements (vertical movements on the inner surfaces and circular movements on the outer surfaces) for at least 90% of the respective brushing time. Instead, horizontal brushing was very common on the lateral surfaces.ConclusionsThe present analysis indicates that children have low efficiency to adopt the tooth-brushing recommendations given in prevention programs. This is surprising as great endeavors are made to help children internalize the recommendations. Future research is needed to better understand which factors impede adoption of toothbrushing recommendations in children and which efforts are necessary to improve their toothbrushing abilities.