Polymer Brushes Research Articles

Enhanced interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy or PP composites using modified graphene oxide with two different polymer brushes

Enhanced interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy or PP composites using modified graphene oxide with two different polymer brushes

Machine-Learning-Aided Understanding of Protein Adsorption on Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes.

Constructing antifouling surfaces is a crucial technique for optimizing the performance of devices such as water treatment membranes and medical devices in practical environments. These surfaces are achieved by modification with hydrophilic polymers. Notably, zwitterionic (ZI) polymers have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to form a robust hydration layer and inhibit the adsorption of foulants. However, the importance of the molecular weight and density of the ZI polymer on the antifouling property is partially understood, and the surface design still retains an empirical flavor. Herein, we individually assessed the influence of the molecular weight and density of the ZI polymer on protein adsorption through machine learning. The results corroborated that protein adsorption is more strongly influenced by density than by molecular weight. Furthermore, the distribution of predicted protein adsorption against molecular weight and polymer density enabled us to determine conditions that enhanced (or weaken) antifouling. The relevance of this prediction method was also demonstrated by estimating the protein adsorption over a wide range of ionic strengths. Overall, this machine-learning-based approach is expected to contribute as a tool for the optimized functionalization of materials, extending beyond the applications of ZI polymer brushes.

Stability of Immobilized Chemosensor‐Filled Vesicles on Anti‐Fouling Polymer Brush Surfaces

AbstractThe characterization of phospholipid membrane permeability for small molecules is crucial for many applications in drug discovery and biomedical research in general. Here, chemosensor‐laden vesicles offer an attractive platform for permeability assays. In this work, the stability of immobilized chemosensor‐filled vesicles is explored on anti‐fouling polymer brush surfaces for potential use in monitoring small molecule membrane permeability. The study focuses on the development of a method for immobilizing sensor‐loaded vesicles into arbitrary patterns on surfaces and characterizing their stability under changing temperatures and compositions. As substrate to enable intact, long‐term stable vesicle immobilization reactive polymer brushes with anti‐fouling properties are used. Utilizing microchannel cantilever spotting, biotin moieties are introduced on the polymer brush surface, enabling stable tethering of vesicles through streptavidin‐biotin interactions. The immobilized vesicles are monitored through fluorescence microscopy for their response to analytes under changing environmental parameters and vesicle composition. A higher stability of immobilized vesicles compared to free‐floating ones is observed, with permeability only at elevated temperatures. By tuning vesicle compositions, permeability at lower temperatures can be raised again. Overall, the study provides insights into a novel approach for vesicle immobilization, showcasing the potential of surface‐bound vesicles for applications in microfluidic systems and as biosensors in various assays.

Janus Nanofibrous Patch with In Situ Grown Superlubricated Skin for Soft Tissue Repair with Inhibited Postoperative Adhesion.

The patch with a superlubricated surface shows great potential for the prevention of postoperative adhesion during soft tissue repair. However, the existing patches suffer from the destruction of topography during superlubrication coating and lack of pro-healing capability. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and versatile strategy to develop a Janus nanofibrous patch (J-NFP) with antiadhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging functions. Specifically, sequential electrospinning is performed with initiators and CeO2 nanoparticles (CeNPs) embedded on the different sides, followed by subsurface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for grafting zwitterionic polymer brushes, introducing superlubricated skin on the surface of single nanofibers. The poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) brush-grafted patch retains fibrous topography and shows a coefficient of friction of around 0.12, which is reduced by 77% compared with the pristine fibrous patch. Additionally, a significant reduction in protein, platelet, bacteria, and cell adhesion is observed. More importantly, the CeNPs-embedded patch enables ROS scavenging as well as inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, the J-NFP can inhibit tissue adhesion and promote repair of both rat skin wounds and intrauterine injuries. The present strategy for developing the Janus patch exhibits enormous prospects for facilitating soft tissue repair.

Intra‐Articular Injection of Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: From Lubrication Function Restoration to Cell and Gene Therapy

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease affecting many people globally, presents significant challenge in current treatments, which often only manage symptoms without halting disease progression. This review illuminates novel approaches in OA therapy, focusing mainly on intra‐articular injection of nanomaterials. The innovative materials, designed to either mimic or augment natural joint lubrication, show promise in restoring joint biomechanics and alleviating pain. The review delves into an array of biomimetic lubricants, including polymer brush, nanocomposite hydrogel, and nanoparticles, underscoring their roles in anti‐inflammation, targeting, cartilage repair, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes, coupled with the delivery of these cells and their exosomes via nanomaterials, has promoted cell therapy avenues for OA. The review also highlights the function of non‐coding RNAs such as miRNA, siRNA, circRNA, lncRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides in impeding OA progression, with nanomaterials facilitating their delivery, thus facilitating advanced therapeutic possibilities including immune evasion and bone cell proliferation. Overall, this review encapsulates the evolution of nanomaterials in OA treatment from material to cell, and ultimately to gene therapy, forecasting a future where nanomaterials evolve toward integrated, personalized diagnostics and therapeutics for OA.

Surface hydration of trimethylamine N–oxide/perovskites hybrid aerogel facilitates anti–fouling solar desalination and seawater electrocatalysis

Developing active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction is of great significance to generate oxygen and hydrogen by seawater electrolysis, which however remains some issues that high energy consumption and chloride corrosion. Here we pioneered a polymer/inorganic hybrid engineering strategy for achieving excellent salt resistance solar evaporation and oxygen evolution performance (OER). The La0.9Sr0.1CoO3/nickel foam–cellulosic aerogel (LSC1/NF–CA) was synthesized by engineering Trimethylamine N–oxide (TMAO) polymer brush onto the surface of hybrid aerogels composed of La0.9Sr0.1CoO3/Ni foam (LSC1/NF) and cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol, which has good hydrophilic features, intrinsic solar capture capacity, and stable OER performance in seawater. Benefiting from the synergy of solar desalination with surface hydration effect of TMAO, the LSC1/NF–CA presents a superior catalytic activity, requiring a lower overpotential of 341 mV and a tafel slope of 58.2 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2 under 6.0 sun illumination. Our results establish a new strategy that can guide the design of stable and efficient polymer/inorganic hybrid catalysts, which shows a promising prospect as alternatives to noble metal–based catalysts for seawater splitting.

Preparation and Performance Study of HTPB-g-(PNIPAM/PEG) Thermoresponsive Polymer Brush.

In recent years, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of thermoresponsive polymers that can be made into new types of smart materials. In this paper, a branched polymer, HTPB-g-(PNIPAM/PEG), with polyolefin chain segments as the backbone and having polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as side chains was synthesized by ATRP and click reactions using N3-HTPB-Br as the macroinitiator. This initiator was designed and synthesized using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as the substrate. The temperature-responsive behavior of the branched polymer was investigated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the branched polymer was determined by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) and was found to be 35.2 °C. The relationship between the diameter size of micelles and temperature was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that the diameter size changed at 36 °C, which was nearly consistent with the result obtained by UV-vis. The results of the study indicate that HTPB-g-(PNIPAM/PEG) is a temperature-responsive polymer. At room temperature, the polymer can self-assemble into composite micelles, with the main chain as the core and the branched chain as the shell. When the temperature was increased beyond LCST, the polyolefin main chain along with the PNIPAM branched chain assembled to form the nucleus, and the PEG branched chain constituted the shell.

An Efficient and Accurate SCF Algorithm for Block Copolymer Films and Brushes Using Adaptive Discretizations.

Self-consistent field (SCF) theory serves as a robust tool for unraveling the intricate behavior exhibited by soft polymeric materials. However, the accuracy and efficiency of SCF calculations are crucially dependent on the numerical methods employed for system discretization and equation-solving. Here, we introduce a simple three dimensional SCF algorithm that uses real-space methods and adaptive discretization, offering improved accuracy and efficiency for simulating polymeric systems at surfaces. Our algorithm's efficacy is demonstrated through simulations of two distinct polymeric systems, namely, block copolymer (BCP) films and polymer brushes. By enhancing spatial resolution in regions influenced by external forces and employing finer contour discretization at grafting chain ends, we achieve significantly more accurate results at very little additional cost, enabling the study of 3D polymeric systems that were previously computationally challenging. To facilitate the widespread use of the algorithm, we have made our 1D-3D SCF code publicly available.

Visual detection of chiral arginine enantiomer based on Fabry-Pérot resonator with BSA grafted polymer brush insulator as transducer

Molecular chiral recognition is significant in chemical, biological, and pharmacological research communities. Herein, we proposed a layered metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Pérot resonator with bovine serum albumin (BSA) grafted polymer brush as the mid-responsive insulator layer for visual discrimination of chiral Arginine (Arg) enantiomer. The as-prepared MIM resonator exhibits distinguishing spectral shifts and apparent color change in response to Arg with different chiral configurations, which the naked eye can easily perceive. In addition, the proposed MIM resonator also shows the advantages of reasonable specificity, easy integrability, and extensive universality. Together with all these advantages, we believe the proposed visual detection strategy may open exciting avenues for detecting chiral molecules, especially in cost-efficient and point-of-care detection of chiral biomarkers for clinical disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up.

Creating Anti‐Biofouling Surfaces by Degradable Main‐chain Polyphosphoester Polymer Brushes

AbstractThe implementation of polymer brush coatings has proven crucial in biomedical and biotechnological applications for controlling biological interactions. Despite the extensive research and use of synthetic polymer coatings, concerns regarding their long‐term non‐biodegradability have arisen. This issue is significant as non‐degradable polymers can lead to complications such as inflammatory responses and bioaccumulation, highlighting the need for polymers that degrade in a controlled manner. To address this, polyphosphonate brushes are synthesized as anti‐biofouling coatings on silicon surfaces via controlled surface‐initiated organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization (SI‐ROP) of cyclic phospholanes. 2‐Ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane and 2‐hexyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane are chosen as the monomers to prepare hydrophilic and hydrophobic brushes with thicknesses up to 55 nm, with a proven degradability in aqueous media. In addition, protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation are investigated as a function of the polyphosphonate side chain. Compared to non‐coated surfaces and polyester brushes, hydrophilic poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane) brushes have an enhanced resistance toward fouling of albumin, fibrinogen, and diluted human serum proteins, as well as toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The stability and anti‐biofouling performance of hydrophilic polyphosphonate brushes position them as an attractive option as degradable materials for anti‐biofouling matrices on medical devices and/or lubricious coatings for artificial implant technologies.

Exploring the relevance between load-bearing capacity and surface friction behavior based on a layered hydrogel cartilage prototype

Cartilage is well lubricated over a lifetime and this phenomenon is attributed to both of the surface hydration lubrication and the matrix load-bearing capacity. Lubricious hydrogels with a layered structure are designed to mimic cartilage as potential replacements. While many studies have concentrated on improving surface hydration to reduce friction, few have experimentally detected the relationship between load-bearing capacity of hydrogels and their interface friction behavior. In this work, a bilayer hydrogel, serving as a cartilage prototype consisted of a top thick hydrated polymer brush layer and a bottom hydrogel matrix with tunable modulus was designed to investigate this relationship. The coefficient of friction (COF, μ) is defined as the sum of interfacial component (μInt) and deformation/hysteresis component (μHyst). The presence of the top hydration layer effectively dissipates contact stress and reduces the interface interaction (μInt), leading to a stable and low COF. The contribution of mechanical deformation (μHyst) during the sliding shearing process to COF can be significantly reduced by increasing the local mechanical modulus, thereby enhancing the load-bearing capacity. These results show that the strategy of coupling surface hydration layer with a high load-bearing matrix can indeed enhance the lubrication performance of hydrogel cartilage prototypes, and implies a promising routine for designing robust soft matter lubrication system and friction-control devices.

Folic Acid-Conjugated Brush Polymers Show Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Static and Dynamic In Vitro Models Toward Brain Cancer Targeting Therapy.

Over the past decades, evidence has consistently shown that treatment of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain cancer, is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To assist with the development of new therapeutics, it is crucial to engineer a drug delivery system that can cross the BBB efficiently and reach target cells within the brain. In this study, we present a potentially efficient strategy for targeted brain delivery through utilization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated brush polymers, that specifically target the reduced folate carrier (RFC, SLC19A1) expressed on brain endothelial cells. Here, azide (N3)-decorated brush polymers were prepared in a straightforward manner coupling a heterotelechelic α-NH2, ω-N3-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (NH2-PEtOx-N3) to N-acylated poly(amino ester) (NPAE)-based brushes. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) 'click chemistry' with DBCO-folic acid (FA) yielded FA-brush polymers. Interestingly, while azide functionalization of the brush polymers dramatically reduced their association to brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), the introduction of FA to azide led to a substantial accumulation of the brush polymers in hCMEC/D3 cells. The ability of the polymeric brush polymers to traverse the BBB was quantitatively assessed using different in vitro BBB models including static Transwell and microfluidic platforms. FA-brush polymers showed efficient transport across hCMEC/D3 cells in a manner dependent on FA composition, whereas nonfunctionalized brush polymers exhibited limited trafficking under the same conditions. Further, cellular uptake inhibition studies suggested that the interaction and transport pathway of FA-brush polymers across BBB relies on the RFC-mediated pathways. The potential application of the developed FA-brush polymers in brain cancer delivery was also investigated in a microfluidic model of BBB-glioblastoma. Brush polymers with more FA units successfully presented an enhanced accumulation into U-87 MG glioma cells following its BBB crossing, compared to controls. These results demonstrate that FA-modified brush polymers hold a great potential for more efficient delivery of future brain therapeutics.

Applications of surface‐grafted polymer brushes with various architectures

AbstractSurface‐grafted polymer brushes (PBs) are a versatile class of thin coatings that exhibit unique properties due to their densely grafted polymer chains. PBs are typically formed through surface‐initiated polymerizations, particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerizations, and macromolecules adopt extended conformations that differentiate them from classical polymer films. This review explores various applications of PBs, emphasizing their macromolecular ordering, dynamic conformational changes, anisotropic properties, and so forth. The growing interest in utilizing PBs for functional coatings is discussed in various fields, including electronic, biological, and environmental applications. In electronic applications, PBs find relevance in photovoltaics, energy storage devices, organic light‐emitting diodes, and organic electronics, showcasing their potential in advancing electronic technologies. In biological applications, they contribute to the formation of antifouling and antibacterial coatings, as well as superior lubrication and cellular adhesion, making them valuable in biomedical settings. Other applications include biosensors, bioimaging systems, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their significant contributions to medical advancements. Additionally, PBs play an important role in environmental applications such as water and wastewater treatment. A variety of recent examples of the applications of surface‐grafted PBs are presented, providing insights into their unique properties and architectures that contribute to their success in demanding areas of science and technology.

On the Road to Circular Polymer Brushes: Challenges and Prospects.

Polymer brushes are unique surface coatings that have been of high interest in research for the past decades due to their covalent tethering to surfaces and the broad spectrum of polymers that can be grafted to or grafted from various surfaces. Modification of surfaces with brushes may provide lubricious and/or antifouling properties, and they can also potentially be used in many application fields due to their high responsiveness toward certain stimuli. Generally, polymer brushes are long-lasting coatings, while their end-of-life has to date largely been neglected. Therefore, it is important to consider additional design methodologies to produce circular brushes, which will degrade after a certain period of time such that surfaces can be reused, and the potentially obtained monomers may be used again to synthesize new brushes. In this Perspective, we aim to tackle and understand the challenges to translate the knowledge on degradation and chemical recycling of bulk polymers toward circular polymer brushes. We summarized the recent developments on (bio)degradable polymer brushes and the challenges that are to be tackled toward their potential implementation as circular coatings.

Controllable Regulation of Diesel Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsion Stability by Multiresponsive Recyclable Magnetic Polymer Brush Microvessels.

To ensure safety and efficiency in the production and transportation of fuel oil, there is an urgent demand to develop intelligent emulsifiers to deal with this challenge. Fe3O4@PDA-P(NIPAM-b-MAA-b-LMA) (MNPDNML) microspheres were prepared by modifying polydopamine and the triblock polymer brush P(NIPAM-b-MAA-b-LMA) on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via oxidative autopolymerization and SI-RAFT polymerization. Therefore, the MNPDNML microspheres exhibited sensitive stimulus-responsive behavior to pH, temperature, near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation, and magnetic fields. The stability state of the emulsion could be modulated by changing pH, temperature, magnetic field, and NIR radiation, and the reversible switching of emulsification/breaking behavior could be reached at least 10 times. This "intelligent emulsifier" exhibited high emulsification efficiency, long-term stability, and on-demand emulsification/breaking properties. It was notable that MNPDNML microspheres showed excellent emulsification ability for olive oil, kerosene, gasoline, and crude oil, which allowed the material to be widely used in the controlled transportation and separation of fuel oil.

Graph Network-Based Simulation of Multicellular Dynamics Driven by Concentrated Polymer Brush-Modified Cellulose Nanofibers.

Manipulating the three-dimensional (3D) structures of cells is important for facilitating to repair or regenerate tissues. A self-assembly system of cells with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs) has been developed to fabricate various cell 3D structures. To further generate tissues at an implantable level, it is necessary to carry out a large number of experiments using different cell culture conditions and material properties; however this is practically intractable. To address this issue, we present a graph-neural network-based simulator (GNS) that can be trained by using assembly process images to predict the assembly status of future time steps. A total of 24 (25 steps) time-series images were recorded (four repeats for each of six different conditions), and each image was transformed into a graph by regarding the cells as nodes and the connecting neighboring cells as edges. Using the obtained data, the performances of the GNS were examined under three scenarios (i.e., changing a pair of the training and testing data) to verify the possibility of using the GNS as a predictor for further time steps. It was confirmed that the GNS could reasonably reproduce the assembly process, even under the toughest scenario, in which the experimental conditions differed between the training and testing data. Practically, this means that the GNS trained by the first 24 h images could predict the cell types obtained 3 weeks later. This result could reduce the number of experiments required to find the optimal conditions for generating cells with desired 3D structures. Ultimately, our approach could accelerate progress in regenerative medicine.

Study of Hydration Repulsion of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes Resistant to Protein Adhesion through Molecular Simulations.

The fabrication of antifouling zwitterionic polymer brushes represents a leading approach to mitigate nonspecific adhesion on the surfaces of medical devices. This investigation seeks to elucidate the correlation between the material composition and structural attributes of these polymer brushes in preventing protein adhesion. To achieve this goal, we modeled three different zwitterionic brushes, namely, carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), and (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-phosphorylcholine (MPC). The simulations revealed that elevating the grafting density enhances the structural stability, hydration strength, and resistance to protein adhesion exhibited by the polymer brushes. PCBMA manifests a more robust hydration layer, while PMPC demonstrates the slightest interaction with proteins. In a comprehensive evaluation, PSBMA polymer brushes emerged as the best choice with superior stability, enhanced protein repulsion, and minimally induced protein deformation, resulting in effective resistance to nonspecific adhesion. The high-density SBMA polymer brushes significantly reduce the level of protein adhesion in AFM testing. In addition, we have pioneered the quantitative characterization of hydration repulsion in polymer brushes by analyzing the hydration repulsion characteristics at different materials and graft densities. In summary, our study provides a nuanced understanding of the material and structural determinants influencing the capacity of zwitterionic polymer brushes to thwart protein adhesion. Additionally, it presents a quantitative elucidation of hydration repulsion, contributing to the advancement and application of antifouling polymer brushes.

Liquidlike, Low-Friction Polymer Brushes for Microfibre Release Prevention from Textiles.

During synthetic textile washing, rubbing between fibres or against the washing machine, exacerbated by the elevated temperature, initiates the release of millions of microplastic fibres into the environment. A general tribological strategy is reported that practically eliminates the release of microplastic fibres from laundered apparel. The two-layer fabric finishes combine low-friction, liquidlike polymer brushes with "molecular primers", that is, molecules that durably bond the low-friction layers to the surface of the polyester or nylon fabrics. It is shown that when the coefficient of friction is below a threshold of 0.25, microplastic fibre release is substantially reduced, by up to 96%. The fabric finishes can be water-wicking or water-repellent, and their comfort properties are retained after coating, indicating a tunable and practical strategy toward a sustainable textile industry and plastic-free oceans and marine foodstuffs.

Sandwich Immuno-RCA Assay with Single Molecule Counting Readout: The Importance of Biointerface Design.

The analysis of low-abundance protein molecules in human serum is reported based on counting of the individual affinity-captured analyte on a solid sensor surface, yielding a readout format similar to digital assays. In this approach, a sandwich immunoassay with rolling circle amplification (RCA) is used for single molecule detection (SMD) through associating the target analyte with spatially distinct bright spots observed by fluorescence microscopy. The unspecific interaction of the target analyte and other immunoassay constituents with the sensor surface is of particular interest in this work, as it ultimately limits the performance of this assay. It is minimized by the design of the respective biointerface and thiol self-assembled monolayer with oligoethylene (OEG) head groups, and a poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (pHOEGMA) antifouling polymer brush was used for the immobilization of the capture antibody (cAb) on the sensor surface. The assay relying on fluorescent postlabeling of long single-stranded DNA that are grafted from the detection antibody (dAb) by RCA was established with the help of combined surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence monitoring of reaction kinetics. These techniques were employed for in situ measurements of conjugating of cAb to the sensor surface, tagging of short single-stranded DNA to dAb, affinity capture of the target analyte from the analyzed liquid sample, and the fluorescence readout of the RCA product. Through mitigation of adsorption of nontarget molecules on the sensor surface by tailoring of the antifouling biointerface, optimizing conjugation chemistry, and by implementing weak Coulombic repelling between dAb and the sensor surface, the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was substantially improved. For the chosen interleukin-6 biomarker, SMD assay with LOD at a concentration of 4.3 fM was achieved for model (spiked) samples, and validation of the ability of detection of standard human serum samples is demonstrated.

Reversible Binding Interfaces Made of Microstructured Polymer Brushes.

The polymer brush architecture of the end-tethered polymer molecules is one of the most widely used efficient methods to regulate interfacial interactions in colloidal systems found in live matter and manufactured materials. Emerging applications of polymer brush structures require solutions to new tasks in the control of interfacial interactions. The rapid development of live cell manufacturing relies on scalable and efficient cell harvesting methods. Stimuli-responsive surfaces made of surface-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) can bind and detach the adherent cell upon changes in temperature and have been used for cell growth and harvesting. The applications are limited by the requirement to satisfy a range of PNIPAM coating characteristics that depend on the dimensions of the integrin complex in the cell membrane and the basal surface. The analysis of the microstructured surfaces, when adhesive and disjoining functions of the microdomains are decoupled, shows that many limitations of PNIPAM one-component coatings can be avoided by using a much broader range of structural characteristics of the microstructured interfaces composed of alternating disjoining PNIPAM domains and adhesive polymeric domains with cell-affinity functional groups. Temperature-controlled reversible adhesion to such microstructured interfaces is studied here experimentally with model systems of solid spherical particles and by employing simulations for solid and soft membranes interacting with the microstructured surfaces to mimic interactions with soft and solid disk-like particles.