Brush Bristle Research Articles

Design considerations towards the construction of hybrid floating brush seal (HFBS)

The hybrid floating brush seal (HFBS) represents an advance in brush seal technology by combining brush seal and film riding face seal technologies to create a hybrid seal that allows both axial and radial excursions of the sealed shaft without damage to seal integrity. At the same time, it eliminates interface surface speeds between the rotor and the brush bristles. This accomplishment is possible because the brush seal, which forms the primary seal, rotates with the shaft, while floating against a hydrodynamic face seal surface, which makes up the secondary seal. The present paper presents continuation work (Int J of Rotating Machinery, 7, 2002) and will concentrate on the methodology of (i) designing and choosing brush characteristics, and (ii) the design of the face seal that allows the floating of the brush plates against it. The brush simplified analytical model predicts the effects of centrifugal force on the bristles and allows implementation of a methodology for choosing and optimizing bristle geometry. The face seal design concentrates on ensuring seal integrity and dynamic stability of the entire assembly.

Method of cleaning skin

An ultrasonic cleaner (10) has a handle (14) having a proximal end (16), a distal end (18), a hollow interior (20), and an exterior gripping surface (22). A brush mounting point (24) is positioned at the proximal end (16) of the handle (14) and an ultrasonic vibrator (26) is positioned within the hollow interior (20) and operably attached to the brush mounting point (24). A skin cleaning brush (30) is mounted on the brush mounting point (24) for transmitting ultrasonic vibrations from the ultrasonic vibrator (26). In this arrangement, a plurality of brush bristles (32) effectively transmit the ultrasonic vibration to skin (12) and work in conjunction with a liquid cleaning solvent (34) to clean the skin (12).

低粘度流出油回収用ブラシコンベアーの開発に関する研究

Chain brush skimmers have the brushes mounted on several continuous loop chains and oil is recovered by the bristles of brushes. The brushes are rotated through the oil/water interface and oil picked up on the brushes is combed from the bristles into a sump. The skimmers are effective in medium to very high oil viscosities and its performance does not degrade by small debris. However, the skimmers are not effective in low viscosity oil.Adhesion mechanism of low viscosity oil (heavy oil A) on the bristles of a brush was studied using hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass beads bed. Amount of oil adsorbed in the bed was proportional to the entry suction pressure. It was founded that the development of the entry suction pressure was required and the capillary diameter should be smaller than 0.392 mm to recover heavy oil A. The material of brush has no significant effect on the adsorption of heavy oil A which contains functional groups. However, oleophilic brush can be used for all kinds of oil. When recovering oil from an oil-water mixture about 30 to 40% water is also recovered.Recovery rate of low viscosity oil using model brush was calculated to be 10-12 m3/hr, almost with same performance reported for recovering medium to high viscosity oil by LBC system.

Bidirectional Brush Seals – Post‐Test Analysis

A post‐test analysis of a set of inside‐diameter/outside‐diameter (ID/OD) bidirectional brush seals used in three‐port wave rotor tests was undertaken to determine brush bristle and configuration wear, pullout, and rotor coating wear. The results suggest that sharp changes in the pressure profiles were not well reflected in bristle tip configuration patterns or wear. Also, positive‐to‐negative changes in axial pressure gradients appeared to have little effect on the backing plates. Although the brushes had similar porosities, they had very different unpacked arrays. This difference could explain the departure of experimental data from computational fluid dynamics flow predictions for well‐packed arrays at higher pressure drops. The rotor wear led to “car track” scars (upper and lower wear bands) with a whipped surface between the bands. Those bands may have resulted from bristle stiffening at the fence and gap plates during alternate portions of the rotor cycle. Within the bristle response range the wear surface reflected the pressure distribution effect on bristle motion. No sacrificial metallurgical data were taken. The bristles did wear, with correspondingly more wear on the ID brush configurations than on the OD configurations; the complexity in constructing the ID brush was a factor.

An endoluminal brush to detect the infected central venous catheter in situ: a pilot study.

Catheter related sepsis is a potentially life threatening infection caused by an indwelling intravenous catheter, with the same organism cultured from peripheral blood and from the removed catheter. If such sepsis is suspected the catheter is usually removed, although subsequent bacterial culture shows most catheters to be sterile.1 2 We evaluated a new brush (Endoluminal, FAS Medical, London) for detecting infection in the lumen of a central venous catheter. The brush has nylon bristles wound tightly around the distal end of a stainless steel wire and slides along the lumen of the catheter to its distal (inner) end. It is then removed for culture. The technique is based on the principle that bacteria collect on the fibrin sleeve on the catheter's inner surface; fibrin thus becomes enmeshed in the brush's bristles. We studied …

Wear and tear of mouthparts: a critical problem in stream animals feeding on epilithic algae

A large number of stream-dwelling animals feed on epilithic algae and must scrape or brush off food that is firmly attached to rough stones. The mouthparts of these highly specialized alga grazers are equipped with brushes, rakes, gouges, excavators, and rasps. Because they scrub across the rough substratum, these different types of feeding apparatus all become extremely worn down after a short time. The delicate bristles of brushes, the prongs of rakes, and the fine structures of rasps abrade swiftly, and often completely disappear after having been used for removing epilithic algae from stones. The blades of gouges and the scoops of excavators also wear down, but in this case abrasion usually causes only the shortening of these relatively solid tools and does not so strongly impair their effectiveness. Specific adaptations have been evolved to deal with the problem of wear. Either the grazing animals are able to repair their mouthparts frequently, or their feeding apparatus is constructed in such a way that its effectiveness is guaranteed for a long time despite the wear. Typical defects arising from use, and adaptations to wear, were studied comparatively by scanning electron microscopy of different alga grazers: insects of different orders (Ephemeroptera: Rhithrogena, Epeorus, Ameletus, Baetis, Lepeorus; Plecoptera: Brachyptera; Coleoptera: Limnius; Diptera: Liponeura, Oxycera), the isopod Ligia italica, the snail Ancylus fluviatilis, and the tropical fish Garra taeniata. Laboratory experiments with mayfly larvae showed that the mouthparts wear down when they are used to scrape a rough substratum. There was no evidence that moulting intervals were shortened by abrasion of feeding structures in mayfly larvae.

An Unusual Foreign Body Reaction—A Case Report

This case documents the course and treatment of a severe reaction to an unusual foreign body. A tooth brush bristle was lodged in the lower anterior areas between the cuspid and lateral incisor teeth. Although the patient noted some original discomfort, severe pain and bone destruction did not occur until 6 weeks after the original symptoms began. Treatment involved full thickness flap reflection of the involved area. The histologic examination showed a typical foreign body reaction to the bristle. All teeth remained vital throughout the disease process and healing phase. Healing was uneventful and the lost bone completely regenerated.

Tooth brush bristle as a nucleus for calculus formation in the hilum of the submaxillary gland

Tooth brush bristle as a nucleus for calculus formation in the hilum of the submaxillary gland