BRS Estilo Research Articles

Componentes de produção, produtividade e atributos tecnológicos de cultivares de feijoeiro do grupo comercial carioca

In the National Register of Cultivars of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply are registered about 350 cultivars of bean. Bean cultivars, in addition to adaptation to the growing site, should present productive potential and meet the consumers' demands regarding the qualitative attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, productivity and qualitative attributes of bean cultivars of Carioca commercial group during the autumn-winter period, in order to obtain information on productive capacity and grain quality, with characteristics that meet the producers and also the consumers. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with 13 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the bean cultivars: Perola, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Madreperola, BRS Notavel, IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, IAC Milenio, IPR 139 (Juriti Claro), IPR Andorinha, TAA Bola Cheia, TAA Dama, TAA Gol e ANfc 9. All common bean cultivars stood out for grain yield, but BRSMG Madreperola, IAC Milenio, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama, ANfc 9 and BRS Estilo obtained values ​​above the general average of 3,460 kg ha-1. The bean cultivars TAA Dama and BRS Estilo presented interesting characteristics in terms of productivity and grain quality, being suitable for both the producer and the consumer. The cultivars BRSMG Madreperola, IAC Milenio, IAC Alvorada and ANfc 9 presented high productivity and technological quality of the grains, but with time for maximum hydration higher than that used in brazilian cuisine.

Development and grain yield of common bean cultivars according to sowing season

The cycle and grain yield of bean crops can be influenced by several factors, among them sowing season and bean cultivar. The objective of this work is to evaluate the development, production components, and grain yield of common bean cultivars in function of sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universidade do Oeste Paulista in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes, Sao Paulo state, in 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were four sowing seasons (SS1 - April 12; SS2 - May 14; SS3 - June 11; and SS4 - July 14), and four common bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, BRS Perola, BRS Requinte, and IPR Campos Gerais). The phenological stages V4, R6 and R9, plant height, plant population, number of pods per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by sowing seasons and bean cultivars. The highest grain yields for the cv. BRS Estilo, BRS Requinte and IPR Campos Gerais were obtained at SS2. However, for the cv. BRS Perola, it occurred at SS4. At SS1, the highest grain yield was obtained by the cv. BRS Estilo, and other sowing seasons by the cv. BRS Perola.

Generation and validation of genetic markers for the selection of carioca dry bean genotypes with the slow-darkening seed coat trait

Slow darkening (SD) is a trait that helps to maintain a brighter seed coat appearance in certain market classes of dry beans. The aim of this study was to generate new fluorescence-based markers and validate previously identified microsatellite markers for linkage to the SD trait in lines of the carioca market class. Four segregating populations were generated by Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, from crosses between the SD cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola and the regular-darkening cultivars BRS Estilo, BRS Cometa, BRS Notável and BRS Sublime. These populations were screened with the simple-sequence markers Pvsd-1158 and PVM02TC116 and with a TaqMan™ marker designed for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PvbHLHp12804. A KASP marker was also designed for the PvbHLHp12804 marker for testing on advanced carioca lines developed by the University of Saskatchewan. In the carioca lines developed by Embrapa, PVM02TC116 proved unsuitable for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Both the Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 markers were found to be tightly linked to the gene responsible for the SD trait, with genetic distances calculated at 2.8 cM for Pvsd-1158 and 2.0 and 3.1 cM for PvbbHLHp12804, respectively. These markers presented more than 97% of selection efficiency. The genotypic scoring using the PvbHLHp12804 KASP marker was perfectly correlated with the phenotype in all lines of the University of Saskatchewan. The results of this study validates the use of Pvsd-1158 as a gel-based marker for SD in carioca beans. The new fluorescence-based SNP PvbHLHp12804 markers exhibited very tight linkage to SD in carioca and pinto bean lines. These markers will be ideal for MAS for the SD trait in these market classes.

Combining Ability for Agromorphological and Physiological Traits in Different Gene Pools of Common Bean Subjected to Water Deficit

Water stress is one of the main limiting factors for common bean crops, negatively affecting grain yield and seed quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance of agromorphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance in order to identify promising combinations. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a partial diallel scheme between three drought-tolerant genotypes (IAPAR 81, BAT 477. and SEA 5), and nine cultivars widely grown in Brazil (BRS Estilo, IAC Alvorada, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Nhambu, BRS Esteio, IPR Garça, BRS Radiante, and DRK 18), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of pot capacity until they reached the stage R5, when water supply was restricted to 30% for 20 days in the pots under stress treatment. A wide variability for the agromorphological and physiological traits was observed. Water deficit reduced plant performance for most agromorphological traits and altered their physiological metabolism. Additive and non-additive effects are involved in the genetic control of the majority of agromorphological and physiological traits both under water stress and control (well-watered) conditions. The parental genotypes BAT 477 (group I) and IAC Alvorada, IPR Uirapuru, and BRS Esteio (group II) may be included in breeding programs aiming at improving drought tolerance in common bean since they present high positive general combining abilities for agromorphological traits. The crosses IAPAR 81 × IPR Campos Gerais, and SEA 5 × BRS Radiante resulted in the best combinations considering grain yield per plant and total dry biomass, when cultivated under water deficit.

Adubação nitrogenada afeta a produtividade e a qualidade comercial de grãos do feijoeiro em sistema plantio direto

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of rates and times of N application on yield parameters and commercial quality of common bean quality cultivars. It was performed two experiments under field conditions. In the first, for each cultivar (BRS FC104 and BRS Estilo), was used the 2 x 7 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of two N application times (sowing and topdressing) with seven N doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1). In the second, for the same cultivars, we had five treatments (100 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 0 kg ha-1 in topdressing, 75 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 25 kg ha-1 in topdressing, 50 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 50 kg ha-1 in topdressing, 25 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 75 kg ha-1 in topdressing, and 0 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 100 kg ha-1 in topdressing). Increasing doses of N provide increases in the number of pods per plant and in grain yield of cultivar BRS FC 104 when applied at sowing or topdressing and provides increases in the number of pods per plant and in grain yield of cultivar BRS Estilo when applied all in topdressing, and provides increases in the commercial quality of common bean grains of cultivars BRS Estilo and BRS FC 104. The application of 100 kg ha-1 of N in topdressing provides a greater mass of 100 grams, grain yield and commercial quality of the grains of cultivars BRS FC 104 and BRS Estilo.

Evaluation of Lipoxygenase Activity in Common Beans by UV and NMR Spectroscopy: Proposal for a Complementary Technique for Enzymatic Studies

Factors that reduce the quality of common bean during storage, including oxidative rancidity caused by lipoxygenase, have been extensively studied. In this context, this work evaluates lipoxygenase activity in five Carioca bean cultivars at different temperatures and storage times using ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. UV absorption analyses demonstrated that the storage temperature of the grains influences the kinetic reaction rates during the enzymatic activity of lipoxygenase. Pinto beans and CNFC 10467 presented lower initial activity than the three BRS varieties but were more sensitive to high temperatures. BRS Estilo presented an anomalous behavior, with a strong reduction in activity at 15 and 21 °C until 72 days of storage. BRSMG Madreperola and BRS Pontal presented stable enzymatic rates until 108 days of storage. A 26% reduction in fatty acid content, as a result of lipoxygenase action during storage, was observed both in solution-state and high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR studies. These results highlight the importance of NMR in enzymatic kinetic reactions studies, complementing the results obtained by UV.

Genetic diversity among common bean cultivars based on agronomic traits and molecular markers and application to recommendation of parent lines

Estimates of genetic diversity based on molecular and morphological data are common in the literature; however, they do not take the most agronomically important traits into consideration. Use of these estimates for recommending parent lines has not had much practical success because the populations thus generated generally exhibit wide variability, but medium to low means for the target trait. A total of 17 common bean cultivars were evaluated in 31 trials conducted in 2008, 2009, and 2010 in the rainy, dry, and winter crop seasons in Brazil. Twelve traits of agronomic importance were evaluated. Analysis of variance were performed on the data and the means were used to estimate the Euclidean distances. In addition, leaves were collected, DNA extracted, and amplification reactions were performed with 33 microsatellite markers to obtain the genetic distances based on complement of the weighted similarity indexes. The genotypes were clustered by the Tocher method. Both forms of estimation of genetic distance showed diversity among the cultivars. The Pearson correlation estimate between the agronomic and molecular genetic distance matrices was significant (0.32), but of low magnitude, which indicates that the distances estimated by the two sets of data supply different information. Coincidence between the clusters was 53%, confirming that this information can truly be considered complementary. The phenotypic mean values for grain yield, the divergence estimates, and the clusters formed by phenotypic and molecular data indicated some crosses with greater probability of obtaining higher yielding lines: BRSMG Majestoso × CNFC 10431, BRS Estilo × BRS Notavel, and BRS Estilo × BRS Pontal.

Production and Nutrient Accumulation of Common Bean Cultivars under Competition with Weed

ABSTRACT: Improper management of weeds is one of the causes of low bean yield, as it is very susceptible to interference due to their slow initial growth. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dayflower on grain yield and nutrient accumulation of bean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a screened house, in 5 L pots, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Factor 1 corresponded to the presence or absence of weeds, and factor 2 bean cultivars: BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The coexistence of bean and weed was maintained throughout the crop cycle. Chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, nutrients contents (N - nitrogen, P - phosphorus, K - potassium, Ca - calcium, Mg - magnesium, Mn - manganese, Fe - iron and Zn - zinc) in grains were evaluated. Competition with weeds negatively influenced chlorophyll content, number of pods, yield and N content in grains. The interaction was significant to P, Mg and Fe contents in grains, demonstrating that competition with weeds may impair allocation of these nutrients, resulting in grains of inferior nutritional quality. The cultivar BRS Agreste was more efficient to accumulate P and Mg in grains in competition with dayflower.

Incidence of base rot and wilt, sanitary severity and influence about seed pathology by cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to conduct a temporal evaluation of incidence of rot base and sanitary severity, and to relate the impact on the seed pathology of common bean cultivars. In the 2015-2016 harvest, in the city of Ipameri, Goiás, ten cultivars of common bean were evaluated (BRS Estilo©, BRS Pérola©, IPR Tangará©, IPR Tuiuiú©, IPR Uirapuru©, IAC Milênio©, Imperador©, IAC F3 R2©, IAC OTG© and IPR Campos Gerais©) and distributed into five blocks, totaling 40 experimental units. The incidence of wilt and base rot and sanitary severity were analyzed by taking ten random samples per block at 21, 28, 56, 63 and 69 days after planting. At the end of 120 days, a total of 20 plants were harvested per cultivar, and 250 seeds were harvested for application of the Blotter Test method. From 21 to 69 days after planting, the cultivars BRS Pérola© and IPR Campos Gerais© deserve to be highlighted for presenting the lowest incidence of wilt in the reproductive and vegetative cycles. The cultivar BRS Pérola© showed the lowest incidence of wilt and sanitary severity. In the analysis of harvested seeds, the cultivar BRS Pérola© presented high physiological quality for all evaluated parameters. On the other hand, Cramberry (OTG)© showed low physiological potential in germination and vigor tests.

Characterization of Ethoxysulfuron Herbicide Selectivity in Common Bean Cultivars

ABSTRACT: In literature, there are few studies evaluating the response of different bean cultivars to herbicides, particularly the ALS enzyme inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of common bean cultivars to the herbicide ethoxysulfuron and to select cultivars that are more tolerant to it. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Factors consisted in 20 bean cultivars (IPR Eldorado, IPR Siriri, IPR Gralha, IPR 81, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Colibri, IPR Tuiuiú, BRS Esplendor, IPR Tangará, IPR Juriti, IPR Corujinha, IPR Andorinha, IPR Curió, BRS Campeiro, BRS Pérola, BRS Notável, BRS Estilo, UTF 3, UTF 5 e UTF 6), and four doses of ethoxysulfuron (0, 50, 100 and 200 g ha-1) were used. At the dose of 200 g ha-1, the reduction of the shoot dry matter of plants ranged from 30 to 80%, indicating that there was high variability in the response of bean cultivars to the herbicide. The bean cultivars classified as more tolerant to ethoxysulfuron are: IPR 81, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Estilo, IPR Gralha and BRS Pérola, while the less tolerant cultivars are: IPR Eldorado, IPR Tuiuiú, IPR Tangará, IPR Curió, UTF 3, UTF 5 and BRS Esplendor.

Characteristics of starch from different bean genotypes and its effect on biodegradable films.

Starches from four common bean genotypes were characterized and used in the production of biodegradable films. Starches were characterized by their swelling power, solubility, amylose content, granule morphology, relative crystallinity, thermal and pasting properties, and susceptibility to α-amylase hydrolysis. Films were characterized according to their morphology, mechanical and water vapor barrier properties, whiteness and opacity. Depending on the common bean genotype, a great variation on starch properties was found, which, in turn, clearly impacted on the characteristics of the starch-based films. Starches from BRS Pitanga and BRS Pérola genotypes exhibited the highest amylose content and the lowest swelling capabilities. Bean starch from the IPR Uirapuru genotype presented granules with an irregular surface and shape. Starches from IPR Uirapuru and BRS Estilo genotypes provided well-structured biodegradable films, without the occurrence of fissures or cracks. Moreover, starch films containing starch from BRS Estilo genotype exhibited the highest flexibility, permeability and solubility. The morphological, mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of films elaborated with common bean starch vary greatly as a function of the bean genotype used for starch production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

English

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in medium to high altitude regions and is sensitive to high temperatures. Climate changes from an increase in global temperatures are foreseen, and therefore better understanding of the mechanisms of heat tolerance is necessary. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on twelve common bean genotypes under natural growing conditions in three locations (Campinas, Votuporanga, and Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil) and in two growing seasons (fall-winter 2016 and summer 2016/2017). Data were analyzed by combined analysis of variance in a 2 × 3 × 12 factorial arrangement, considering two crop seasons, three locations, and twelve genotypes as factors. This was followed by the Scott-Knott mean comparison test (P<0.05), genetics, genetics×environment (GGE)-biplot analysis for grain yield and Pearson correlation for the summer season. Significant differences were found for the crop season, location, and genotype for most of the traits evaluated. It was found that the high temperatures, reached in summer, negatively affected the performance of cultivars, resulting in a reduction of 40% in grain yield. Votuporanga, which reached the highest temperatures during the summer, was considered as the most unfavorable environment. The genotypes that proved to be more productive in the summer for the locations of Campinas were BRS Agreste and FT Nobre; for Votuporanga, the genotypes Pérola and IPR Tangará; and for Ribeirão Preto, the genotypes SEA 5 and BRS Estilo. The highlighted correlations observed by the Pearson test were the highest leaf temperature reducing grain yield and, the highest relative index of chlorophyll contributed to higher productivity.   Key words: High temperature, Phaseolus vulgaris, selection, genotype × environment interaction, plant breeding.

Iron absorption from beans with different contents of iron, evaluated by stable isotopes

The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans with higher iron content may be a useful tool in preventing iron deficiency. The biofortification aims to reach the root of the problem of malnutrition, targets the neediest population, uses embedded distribution mechanisms, is scientifically feasible and effective in terms of cost, and complements other ongoing interventions to control micronutrient deficiency. However, to ensure effectiveness, measurement of the absorption of minerals is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the iron bioavailability of common bean BRS Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification, compared with common bean BRS Estilo in man through reliable techniques that have not been previously used in Brazil. The study included 29 young adult volunteers divided into 2 groups: Group CB (13 subjects) received 100g of common beans (BRS-Estilo) cooked labeled with iron-58 (58Fe) and Group TBB (16 patients) received 100g common bean target for iron biofortification (BRS-Pontal), cooked and labeled with iron58 (58Fe). The next day they received the reference dose of ferrous sulfate enriched iron-57 (57Fe). Isotopic evaluation of iron for measurement of iron incorporation into erythrocytes was performed 14 days after consumption. The beans used, were produced, through conventional breeding program, by EMBRAPA/Rice and Beans. The iron absorption was evaluated by assessing the isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope. Mean iron absorption from the meal with common beans was 0.409% (±0.040%) and mean iron incorporation from the meal with target beans for biofortification 0.407% (±0.038%) and did not differ between the groups. This study tested the iron absorption from a single bean meal in healthy volunteers or non anemics, In the present study the iron absorption ratio from common bean Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification and compared with common bean BRS Estilo was not significantly different. The iron concentration of the TBB, probably was not sufficient to improve higher bioavailability. It is recommended to evaluate the not only the absorption of iron in cultivars that present a higher difference in iron concentration but also in association with other components of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans.

Selection of parents and segregating populations of common bean with high agronomic potential and slow seed-coat darkening

ABSTRACT Choosing parents and segregating populations are fundamental steps for the success in plant breeding. For the common bean crop, the development of genotypes that combine favorable agronomic traits and seed quality may increase the chances of adopting new cultivars. This study aimed to select promising parents and segregating populations to develop slow seed-coat darkening lines, together with high grain yield, lodging tolerance and short seed cooking time after storage, as well as to investigate the relationship between seed-coat darkening and seed cooking time after storage. Twenty segregating populations (F3, F4 and F5 generations) and their parents were evaluated. The sum of ranks index for combined traits was used in the selection of superior populations. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between seed-coat darkening and cooking time after storage were estimated. Among the parents, the BRSMG Madrepérola cultivar was the most promising to generate lines with seed-coat darkening. The superior populations were BRSMG Madrepérola x IPR Saracura, BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Sublime, BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Estilo and BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Notável. A linear relationship was not found between seed-coat darkening and seed cooking time after storage, indicating that the first trait is not an adequate indicator to infer about seed cooking time.

La competencia de la maleza (Commelina diffusa L.) puede afectar las características agronómicas y el contenido mineral de los granos de frijol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the presence of Commelina diffusa weeds on the agronomic characteristics and mineral content of bean grains ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with five replications in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of two bean cultivars (BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo) grown in the presence and absence of the weeds. The weeds affected the agronomic and mineral characteristics of the varieties; caused a decrease in the number of leaves; reduced the chlorophyll content in the leaves; and reduced the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron contents in the grains. Competition with spreading dayflower did not cause significant effects on the stem diameter or the levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the grains. The BRS Estilo variety was less affected by weed competition than BRS Ametista and showed higher values for the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and accumulation of manganese and iron in the grains.

CHEMICAL CHANGES IN BEAN GRAINS DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional food in the diet of Brazilians, due to its low fat content and it is rich in vitamins, protein, fiber, carbohydrates and minerals. One of the major problems related to this product is storage without temperature and humidity control, causing quality reduction of this legume. This study aimed to evaluate the effects suffered by cooking time parameters, seed coat color, phytate and minerals (P, Ca, Mg and Mn) content during storage. The grain varieties: BRS Madreperola, BRS Estilo, BRS Pontal and CNFC 10467, from the pinto group, were stored in hermetic acrylic containers with humidity and temperature controlled for a period of 108 days. All varieties had better results of the parameters studied when they were stored under the condition of 15°C and 45% of RH. The grain stored in the condition of 27°C and 75% of humidity for 108 days showed Hard-to-cook characteristic effect. All minerals studied showed a strong correlation with the cooking time. CNFC 10467 and Madreperola varieties are more similar, as the parameters examined.

Economic viability of Phaseolus vulgaris (BRS Estilo) production in irrigated system in a function of application of leaf boron

ABSTRACTFoliar fertilization may be a viable strategy to boron supply in irrigated cropping systems with common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), since it prevent B leaching. The aim of this work was to evaluate the economic viability and physiological parameters of the common beans production in irrigated cropping systems using sources and increasing foliar boron doses. A field experiment was carried out using an experimental block design in a factorial scheme 2 × 5 × 3, with two sources of B (boric acid and borax) and five doses: 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 e 8 kg ha−1, with three repetitions. Foliar B applications were performed at 40 days after seeds germination, in pre-flowering stage. Physiological process (transpiration, stomatal conductance, CO2 internal concentration, net photosynthesis, and relative chlorophyll index), B level in leaves and grain yield were measured. These data were used to determine the economic viability of B fertilization in common beans. Both boric acid and borax increased B levels in common beans leaves. Borax affected some physiological process reducing stomatal conductance and increasing net photosynthesis. Using borax, the highest net photosynthesis was observed at a rate of 4 kg ha−1, while the boric acid increased net photosynthesis linearly after increasing B doses application. An enhance of 311 kg ha−1 in the grain yield was observed using borax related to the control (without B application); however, grain yield decreased linearly after application of increasing B doses, as boric acid. Comparing the economic viability of sources and doses of B, the highest profitability is obtained using borax at a rate of 4 kg ha−1, which promoting a differential profit of US$534.44 per hectare compared to common beans cropping without B.

Weed control and crop selectivity of post-emergence herbicides in common beans

ABSTRACT: There are few options of wide spectrum selective herbicides registered for post-emergence weed control in common beans crop. The experiment aimed to test crop selectivity and weed control of post-emergence herbicides on common beans. Weed control, injury and grain yield were evaluated. Treatments consisted on: cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, fomesafen, bentazon and diclosulam isolated and tank-mixed with clethodim; imazamox+bentazon, fomesafen+fluazifop, clethodim; cloransulam+bentazon and imazethapyr+bentazon. Treatments were tested on the cultivars 'ANfc 9', 'IPR Uirapuru' and 'BRS Estilo'. The high-yielding treatments to the cultivar 'ANfc 9' were fomesafen alone and tank-mixed with clethodim or fluazifop, cloransulam and diclosulam tank-mixed with clethodim, and imazamox+bentazon. The high-yielding treatments with the cultivar 'IPR Uirapuru' was fomesafen tank-mixed with clethodim or fluazifop. High-yielding treatment to BRS Estilo was fomesafen+fluazifop. Bidens pilosa was controlled by all the treatments with broadleaf herbicides with exception of imazethapyr. Digitaria spp . was controlled by all treatments containing clethodim, fluazifop, fomesafen and imazethapyr. Treatments with cloransulam, diclosulam, fomesafen and imazamox were efficient to control Parthenium hysterophorus .

Chemical and functional properties of different common Brazilian bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars

Abstract Six different common bean cultivars (BRS Embaixador, BRS Pitanga, BRS Estilo, Pérola, BRS Campeiro and BRS Esplendor) were characterized aiming to determine possible uses for them in various food products. The samples were analysed to determine their chemical composition, weight per hundred beans, pH, water and oil absorption capacities (WAC and OAC, respectively), foaming at pH 2.5, 5.6 and 8.0 and emulsifying properties. The relationship between the physicochemical and functional properties was described using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the chemical composition, weight per hundred beans, WAC and OAC showed differences even between cultivars of the same commercial group. Foaming also varied between the cultivars and foaming capacity and stability were greatest at pH 5.6 and 8.0. The emulsifying capacity proved quite high for all cultivars, as well as the stability of the emulsion. According to these properties, with the contribution of the PCA, each different bean cultivar can be destined to specific applications according to its physicochemical properties.

Response of common bean varieties to the magnesium application in the tropical soil

ABSTRACTThe appropriate supply of magnesium (Mg) to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) according to the requirements of each variety increases the productivity and nutritional value of grains. However, there are few studies on soil's ability to provide the adequate amount of the nutrient and on the reaction of plants with different Mg concentrations. The present study analyzed the response of the common bean plant to soil fertility, grain yield (GY), shoot dry weight (SDW) yield, nutritional status and the response of physiological components of the plant to the concentrations of Mg applied to the tropical soil. Thus, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. The varieties BRS Estilo, IAPAR 81, BRS Ametista, IPR Campos Gerais (CG) and IPR Tangará were cultivated in an Ustoxix Quatzipsamment with five rates of Mg [0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1, source magnesium chloride (MgCl2)]. The common bean varieties and the Mg rates significantly affected the soil chemical properties. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), and total soluble sugars significantly correlated with common bean GY and SDW yield. The nutrient content in leaves and grains showed difference responses among the varieties. IAPAR 81 showed the highest rate of mobilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper and zinc (N, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, and Zn) for grains, being an important factor in studies of crop biofortification.