Brown Markings Research Articles

Prevention of brick tea fluorosis in rats with low-fluoride brick tea on laboratory observation

To test whether low-fluoride brick tea can prevent the occurrence of fluorosis, rats had access only to a specially prepared low-fluoride brick tea for 1 year. The daily fluoride intake, fluoride metabolism, tissue distribution and development of tooth fluorosis were observed at 4-monthly intervals, at the end of months 4, 8 and 12, respectively. Rats drinking ordinary brick tea (F − 503.5 mg/kg) served as control. The daily intake of fluoride in the ordinary brick tea group was 0.3 mg, and this group developed dental fluorosis characterized as brown and white horizontal marks at the end of month 8, and white chalky dental fluorosis developed at the end of month 12. The total incidence was 75%. In contrast, the daily fluoride intake of the low-fluoride brick tea (F − 210 mg/kg) group was 0.19 mg, and this group did not develop any signs of dental fluorosis. Fluoride distribution was mainly retained in the bone tissue, and about half of the absorbed fluoride was excreted via urine and feces. The results suggest that this low-fluoride brick tea did not induce fluorosis in rats and can be used as an effective control measure for humans.

From Haptic Interfaces to Man-Machine Symbiosis

From Haptic Interfaces to Man-Machine Symbiosis

Physical

I'm at her right side, stooping over the bed. Her arm dances a rotating, pronating ballet, the radial hump and hard straight metacarpal ribs outlined as her hand grasps mine, familiar as illustrations in dog-eared Cunningham's. Muscles close on muscles, tendons brace briefly, thumbs wrap, skin on skin, hers cool and papery thin at the pulp; some moisture, a little tremor: hers or mine? She rests her head back on fresh puffed pillows, watches me count the wrist pulse pushing its sheath toward my fingers. The carotid rises up from her chest inlet and falls again like the tide: more anatomy. The nurse turns down the sheet, helps her drop her nightgown to the waist. The skin over her breasts is dappled with brown marks like leaf fall. My legs and back are braced and already aching: I haven't learned yet this is sit-down work. I'm gangly with my virgin stethoscope, but remember to rub it on my coat to take the chill off the metal. I hear sounds I think I am supposed to hear that were only strange words in textbooks. Does she know I haven't done this before?

Review: John Slocum and the Indian Shaker Church, by Robert H. Ruby and John A. Brown

Book Review| May 01 1998 Review: John Slocum and the Indian Shaker Church, by Robert H. Ruby and John A. Brown John Slocum and the Indian Shaker ChurchRobert H. RubyJohn A. Brown Mark T. Banker Mark T. Banker Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1998) 67 (2): 274–275. https://doi.org/10.2307/3641570 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mark T. Banker; Review: John Slocum and the Indian Shaker Church, by Robert H. Ruby and John A. Brown. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 1998; 67 (2): 274–275. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3641570 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1998 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Successful reproduction of Penaeus monodon following hypersaline culture

Penaeus monodon post-larvae of Malaysian origin ( n=200) were cultured to adulthood (average weight, 90.2 g males, 125.8 g females) with the final six months of growout conducted at salinity ranging from 38–52 ppt. Upon transfer from a hypersaline earthen pond to an indoor maturation laboratory, broodstock were drab olive in color and exhibited no ovarian development even though growth had averaged 2.5 g/week and 3.9 g/week for males and females, respectively. Adults were acclimated to oceanic salinity (35 ppt) in a laboratory recirculating seawater system and unilaterally eyestalk ablated after two days. For two weeks, all shed exoskeletons of females were dissected to determine presence of spermatophores. Results of dissections and light microscope evaluation of sperm indicated all females ( n=20) had mated under the hypersaline pond conditions prior to transfer to the laboratory. Sperm appeared morphologically normal. After three to four weeks of exposure to oceanic salinity under laboratory conditions, strong brown and black markings on the exoskeleton were exhibited by the broodstock, and frequent ovarian development followed. The first female was isolated for spawning five weeks after eyestalk ablation, and a high frequency of spawning was achieved beginning 6–8 weeks after eyestalk ablation. In the final six weeks of observation, an average of 7.6% to 9.0% of females spawned nightly. Mean number of eggs per spawn was 315,000±28,920 (s.e.), with 195,000±24,400 nauplii per spawn and 59.6% hatch ( n=60). Of significance, it was observed that 20% of females produced 67.7% of total nauplii production and 30% either died or did not spawn during 98 days of observation. The variable performance among females suggests that there are differential contributions among members of a population to the gene pool, and that culling and replacement of low-producing females in a breeding population can increase nauplii production.

Variable Expression of Sexually Mosaic Plumage in Female Lesser Kestrels

Estacih Bioldgica de Dofiana, C.S.I.C., Avda. M. Luisa s/n, Pabellh de1 Per%, 41013 Sevilla, Spain, e-mail: Tella@cica.es Key words: plumage coloration; Lesser Kestrel: Falco naumanni. The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) is sexually di- morphic with respect to plumage coloration (Cramp and Simmons 1980). Adult males have a gray-blue head, rump, tail and upper wing-coverts, unspotted chesnut mantle and scapulars, pink-buff to cream with some dark brown marks on the breast, belly and flanks, and a black subterminal tail band. Yearling (i.e., sec- ond-calendar year) males differ because upper wing coverts are brown with dark bars, showing variable extension of gray and brown in the head and tail. Fe- males are completely brownish, independent of age, with dark bars on the head, back and tail, and stripes on the breast and belly. Nestlings show sexual dimor- phism in the rump, and sometimes in tail color (grayish in males, brownish in females) (Negro and Hiraldo 1991, Tella et al. 1996a). Both sexes have a partial post-juvenal molt (October-May), and a complete post- breeding molt (June-January) in yearling and older birds. Between 1993 and 1995, we captured and color banded 389 female Lesser Kestrels in Los Monegros (NE Spain, Tella et al. 1996b). Most of them had al- ready been banded as nestlings in the previous five years, enabling us to determine their exact age. Looking for plumage variability of these females, we found two of them showing male and female plumage expressed in a mosaic fashion. The first one (OM), a three-year-old female, was caught on 1 May 1993. The left half of its head was like that of a male (gray) and the right side like that of a female (striped brown), and the rest of its plumage was normal. The same female was recaptured on 7 April and 21 June 1994, and it showed no male color patches. However, we trapped OM again on 26 May and 7 June 1995, and again it showed partial male coloration. On this occassion, we photographed the bird to add to our detailed descriptions. The head was bilaterally colored, gray in the left and striped brown in the right. Moreover, the left wing was more similar to that of yearling males than to that of females, with almost unspotted chestnut lesser and middle wing co- verts, and banded greater covers. The tail also had one grayish central rectrix. The rest of the plumage was

High incidence of C0 2 laser beam contact with the tracheal tube during operations on the upper airway

Polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes from 50 consecutive CO 2 laser operations of the larynx and trachea were collected after tracheal extubation. In all cases, the helium protocol for laser operations was used, which includes the following: helium in the anesthetic gas mixture at 60% or more during laser resection (FIO 2 ⩽0.4); tracheal intubation with plain, unmarked polyvinyl chloride tubes; laser power density 1,992 W/cm 2; and laser bursts of ⩽10-second duration. No tracheal tube fires or airway burns occurred. The polyvinyl chloride tubes were examined for marks caused by the laser, and cuffed tubes were tested for cuff viability. Of the 50 tubes examined, 18 were noncuffed and 32 were cuffed. Although most contacts did not penetrate the tubes, 58% of the tubes showed evidence of contact with the laser as a brown mark on the tube or as a cuff leak. Cuffed tubes were more likely to incur laser contact (69%) than noncuffed tubes (39%), a significant difference (p = 0.04). Most of the cuffed tubes that came in contact with the laser sustained damage at the cuff (77%). It was concluded that the risk of tracheal tube contact with a laser beam is at least 1 in 2, that cuffed tubes are more likely to be hit with a laser beam than noncuffed tubes, and that cuffed tubes that are hit usually sustain damage to the cuff. Because no fires occurred in this series despite frequent laser contact with the tube, these data indicate that the helium protocol helps to prevent polyvinyl chloride tube fires.

Salinity calculation techniques for separately digitized fast response and platinum resistance CTD temperature sensors

A new algorithm for combining separately digitized fast and slow temperature signals from the Neil Brown Mark III CTD is presented. Ideally, one would like to exploit the stability of the platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) while retaining the high resolution of the fast response thermistor (FRT). Practical methods for combining the two in the past have not solved the problem of low frequency drift in the FRT. This drift can introduce errors as large as 0.2°C over vertical scales comparable to the CTD cast depth. A running mean filter which is applied in the time domain to both temperature time series is introduced in this paper. The estimated temperature is then found as T ̂ c(t) = T FRT + 〈T PRT 〉 − 〈T FRT 〉 , wher 〈〉 indicate filtered values and t is time. The length of the filter is important in the elimination of salinity spikes. A minimum filter length of 1500 scans, or about 60 m, of data is required to calculate acceptable salinities. Because the FRT itself has a longer time constant than that of the conductivity cell, the estimated temperature T ̂ c still lags conductivity by about 80 ms. For applications in which the data are further averaged, this small lag can generally be ignored. Alternatively, the lag can be corrected with a lag shift of the temperature time series relative to conductivity, or by more sophisticated techniques such as that introduced by Horne and Toole (1980, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 10, 1122–1130).

A New Species of Pterostylis (Orchidaceae) from Southeastern Australia

An erect, terrestrial tuberous herb. Stem arising from the centre of a radical rosette of 6-10 leaves. Leaves obovate to oblong, 30-40 x 5-10 mm, glabrous or setose along outer margins, usually senescent at flowering. Inflorescence a raceme of 4-10 flowers on upper half of the stem; pedicel abbreviate, partially concealed by bracts; bracts 10-18, falcate to lanceolate, ensheathing the stem or pedicels, 10-25 x 2-5 mm. Flowers green or light brown with white and darker brown markings; the dorsal sepal and 2 upper petals forming a galea; lateral sepals reflexed down and away from the galea leaving the labellum exposed. Pedicel with ovary slender, porrect, 8-10 mm long. Dorsal sepal forming the upper part of the galea, cucullate, setose on outer surface, broad at base, tapering to a fine point that is curved upwards slightly, 15-18 mm long including acuminate tip 5-6 mm long. Lateral sepals ovate, long-acuminate, deeply concave, fused in proximal half, ending in diverging points in anterior half; setae along margins of fused half; 18-22 x 6-8 mm. Petals obliquely ovatelanceolate, acuminate, forming part of the galea, translucent, proximal inner edges thickened into protuberances that touch each other near base of flower; outer margins flared proximally, terminating at the base of dorsal sepal point 10-12 mm long; extremely fine emarginate cilia along outer margins. Labellum highly irritable and sensitive to touch, insectiform, laceolate to narrowly triangular attached by a strap-like claw 4-5 x 1-2 mm; setae 10-16, prominent on the basal lobe where 1-2 mm long and 9-15 pairs on anterior margins of lip 1-5 mm long; also on the proximal margins of the median longitudinal ridge near base on the reverse side of the lip, where 01-0-3 mm long. Column curved and hidden in the galea; wings touching anteriorly, the margins ciliate; stigma extending only slightly beyond the lateral margins of the column, 8-10 x 1-2 mm. Anther terminal on column. Pollinia in 2 sets of 2, linear to

Scent marking strategies in hyaenas (Mammalia)

Brown hyaenas scent mark by making latrines and depositing onto grass stalks two distinct secretions produced in their anal pouch. The latter behaviour is called pasting. Pastings are found spaced throughout a territory but mainly in the interior where the hyaenas spend most of their time. Latrines are clumped near to, but not along, the border. Computer analyses show that intruders encounter scent marks very soon after entering a territory. Comparison with other species indicates that the length of border to be marked by each individual in a group is the important factor in determining whether they mark throughout the territory or just along the border.

Laboratory Techniques to Evaluate Resistance of Alfalfa Clones to the Alfalfa Seed Chalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) 1

Varying infestation of alfalfa by the seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky, is explained by antixenosis during oviposition. Our studies suggest that alfalfas with glandular-haired and tightly coiled pods are resistant. Oviposition resulted in seed damage even when larvae did not develop. Seed abortion was 33% in seed chalcid exposed and 16% in unexposed seed pods. The black or brown marks left on developing seeds by ovipositing females may be used in designing laboratory experiments to predict resistance in the field.

Marking of apricots by European red mite (Panonychus ulmi(Koch)) —a control programme

Abstract Observations in spring 1976 suggested that feeding by European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) on ‘Moorpark’ apricot fruitlets was associated with the development of brown marks on the skin of the fruit. These marks, or feeding scars, detracted from the appearance of the fruit at harvest time. Trials carried out over the next 5 years not only confirmed the association but showed that the most effective treatment was carbophenothion (Trithion) applied at 58 g a.i. per 100 1 at the time of maximum hatch of winter eggs (mid October in Central Otago). Results also suggested that this treatment was beneficial even in the absence of mites. This spring treatment has proved to be more acceptable to growers than the autumn treatment recommended initially.

The ComitÉ Franco-Polonais and the French reaction to the Polish uprising of November 1830

Journal Article The ComitÉ Franco-Polonais and the French reaction to the Polish uprising of November 1830 Get access MARK BROWN MARK BROWN Kingston Polytechnic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCIII, Issue 369, October 1978, Pages 774–793, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCIII.369.774 Published: 01 October 1978

Color of Kerogen as Index of Organic Maturity

Kerogen from the Tanner basin off southern California was heated under nitrogen at different temperatures and times and subsequently was studied under the transmitted light microscope. Samples darken in color from yellow through shades of brown to black with increasing thermal maturation. The transition from dark brown to very dark brown marks the range of maximum n-alkane generation where the residue attains an atomic H/C of about 0.80 plus or minus 0.05. The apparent activation energy for this transition was about 45 plus or minus 5 kcal per mole.

Tidlig-neolitiske anlæg ved Rustrup

Tidlig-neolitiske anlæg ved Rustrup

BISHOP CARTWRIGHT'S ANSWER TO HALIFAX'S “LETTER TO A DISSENTER” (1687)

Journal Article BISHOP CARTWRIGHT'S ANSWER TO HALIFAX'S “LETTER TO A DISSENTER” (1687) Get access MARK N. BROWN MARK N. BROWN Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 21, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 104-b–104, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/21-3-104b Published: 01 March 1974

Images of Women in Literature

I. Traditional Images of Women Image One: The Wife Little Woman, Sally Benson The Angel over the Right Shoulder, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Cutting the Jewish Bride's Hair, Ruth Whitman The Bridal Veil, Alice Cary Aunt Rosanna's Rocker, Nicholosa Mohr Migration, Carol Gregory A Wife's Story, Bharati Mukherjee Secretive, Jane Augustine Driving to Oregon, Jean Thompson Facing the Music, Larry Brown Marks, Linda Pastan. Image Two: The Mother I Sing the Body Electric! Ray Bradbury On the First Night, Erica Jong Transition, Toi Derricotte The Mother, Gwendolyn Brooks Pressure for Pressure, Ellen Lesser Expensive Gifts, Sue Miller Daddy, Jan Clausen The Envelope, Maxine Kumin Between the Lines, Ruth Stone I Ask My Mother to Sing, Li-Young Lee Flower Feet, Ruth Fainlight Speculation, Gloria C Oden Girl, Jamaica Kincaid Cihuatlyotl, Woman Alone, Gloria E Anzaldua Dear Toni Instead of a Letter, Audre Lorde Souvenir, Jayne Anne Phillips Bridging, Max Apple Grace, Vicki Sears. Image Three: Woman on a Pedestal Susanna and the Elders, Adelaide Crapsey In an Artist's Studio, Christina Rossetti The Glamour Trap, George Lefferts Pretty, Alta The End of a Career, Jean Stafford Song, William Blake Baby, You Were Great! Kate Wilhelm La Belle Dame sans Merci, John Keats The Loreley, Heinrich Heine Erzulie Freida, Zora Neale Hurston Image Four: The Sex Object The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Irwin Shaw Brooklyn, Paule Marshall One off the Short List, Doris Lessing The Patriarch, Colette Metonymy, Julie Fay From I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou With no immediate cause, Ntozake Shange From Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself, Linda Brent [Harriet Jacobs] From The Maimie Papers, Maimie Pinzer Poem about My Rights, June Jordan Image Five: Women without Men Miss Gee, W.H. Auden Bedquilt, Dorothy Canfield Fisher The Women Men Don't See, James Tiptree, Jr Silk-Workers, Agnes Smedley My Lover Is a Woman, Pat Parker Trespassing, Valerie Miner Home, Shirley Ann Grau The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin The Widow's Lament in Springtime, William Carlos Williams Mourning to Do, May Sarton Old Things, Bobbie Ann Mason. II. Woman Becoming A Prison gets to be a friend, Emily Dickinson Tell Me a Riddle, Tillie Olsen Unlearning to Not Speak, Marge Piercy Seventeen Syllables, Hisaye Yamamoto Three Women, Charlotte Perkins Gilman A Allegory on Wimmen's Rights, Marietta Holley Miss Rosie, Lucille Clifton I Like to Think of Harriet Tubman, Susan Griffin From Work: A Story of Experience, Louisa May Alcott From Gifts of Power, Rebecca Jackson A Person as Well as a Female, Jade Snow Wong Spelling, Margaret Atwood Trifles, Susan Glaspell Diving into the Wreck, Adrienne Rich Hope, Nadya Aisenberg Homecoming, Martha Collins A Woman at the Window, Nellie Wong Present, Sonia Sanchez Beyond What, Alice Walker Three Dreams in the Desert under a Mimosa Tree, Olive Schreiner Woman, Alaide Foppa. Afterword: Writing Images/Images of Writing by Jean Ferguson Carr Suggestions for Further Reading Works Cited in Introductions Works Cited in Previous Editions Reference Works Periodicals Anthologies of Women's Writings Selected Recent Literary Criticism and Theory Acknowledgements Author/Title Index.

The Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) of the Southwest: Systematic and Historical Consideration

brownish or grayish, especially dorsally; abdomen pale with narrow, pale brown markings; size averaging larger. Discussion. Of the four described races of Scaled Quail, hargravei is similar in coloration only to pd the terminal bars of the “scaled” areas are blackish-brown and narrow instead of black and broad. The anterior feathers of the crest are a slightly grayed Saccardo’s Umber, occasionally verging on Sepia rather than Clove Brown and pale Mummy Brown. The belly is nearest Pinkish Buff rather than approaching Cinnamon Buff; the dark bars of the abdominal feathers are grayer, less blackish and less rich, closest to Dresden Brown or Buckthorn Brown X Isabella Color rather than near Tawny Olive or Sayal Brown in pallida. Back, rump, scapulars, and shorter upper tail coverts are brownish-drab, contrasting with the extremely pale gray nape, rather than grayish-drab, not contrasting so conspicuously with the darker bluish nape of pallida. There is no overlap in this character when specimens are segregated by age (and season) as immatures of both races tend to be browner, respectively, than adults, which are grayer. There is considerable variation in mensural characters even when specimens are segregated into their respective age-sex categories. However, specimens of hargravei from Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and northern New Mexico average larger in wing chord, tail, and tarsus than pallida from Arizona and southern New Mexico (see table 1). The few available weights (table 2) also suggest the larger size of the new race.

The biology of the soldier fish, Gymnapistes marmoratus (Pisces: Scorpaenidae)

Various aspects of the biology of the scorpaenid Gymnapistes marmoratus were studied during 1971 in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, southern Tasmania. The species ranges from Darwin counter-clockwise around the Australian coast to Sydney, but appears not to inhabit Queensland waters. In Tasmania the species commonly occurs at depths of 20 m or less, over sand or mud bottom with a light Zostera covering. During the day the fish lie motionless and are excellently camouflaged, possessing disruptive yellow and brown marbled markings; most of their activity occurs at night. Fish species associated with G. marmoratus are those typical of the bottom habitat of estuarine communities. Age determination by interpretation of annuli in burned otoliths was found to be simple and accurate, and the population studied comprised individuals up to 14 years of age. Growth was adequately described by the von Bertalanffy equation of organic growth, being of the decaying exponential type which defined the growth of G. rnarmoratus as: Lt = 21.4[1-exp{0.1168 ( t + 2 . 3 )}]. Reproduction is initiated at approximately 2 years of age and spawning occurred in August-September. Fecundity may be described related to length by the expression F = 0.08L4.08. Stomach analysis indicated that shrimps and crabs made up a large portion of the diet of smaller fish, while the larger fish consumed other fish species as well.

Basic Research in High School; Why Not?

Research Article| December 01 1967 Basic Research in High School; Why Not? Mark R. Brown Mark R. Brown Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1967) 29 (9): 745–747. https://doi.org/10.2307/4441892 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mark R. Brown; Basic Research in High School; Why Not?. The American Biology Teacher 1 December 1967; 29 (9): 745–747. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4441892 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1967 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.