Brown Hair Research Articles

21세기 초 북유럽 패션에 나타난 헤어디자인의 특징에 관한 연구 - 2011년∼2021년까지 -

In this study, based on the Northern European fashion, developed by comfortable, modern, functional, equal, natural, and eco-friendly Northern Europe culture, Northern Europe hair design from 2011 to 2021 in the early 21st century was analyzed. The purpose of this study is to apply these to Korean hair design. Research method were literature, papers, and internet data investigation and analyzing. The research results are as follows; First, if you look at the hair designs for each Northern Europe representative fashion brand, Marimekko focuses on the white centered one-length blonde hair, Acne Studio pursues diversity in hair length and styling methods, but focuses on the white centered long hair. In H&M, long hair and weak wavy layer styles are predominant, and blonde and brown hair-centered hair styles appear. By using the yellow and the black model from middle of 2010s, various hairstyles such as black hair, straight hair, and tight wavy hair were appeared and pursuing globalization and diversification. Second, the characteristic of Northern Europe hair design is, In terms of shape, Marimekko and Acne Studio had the most one length, and H&M showed the most layers. The hair length was long for all 3 brands. For hair styling, natural fall, by loosening long hair was the most common in all 3 brands. In terms of texture, Marimekko and Acne Studio showed similar amount of inactivated and activated textures, but H&M showed a lot of activated texture. In terms of color, brown hair was the most common for all of 3 brands and blonde, black, and colored hair were followed by.

Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae), a new species from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, southern highland of Vietnam

Beilschmiedia bidoupensis (Lauraceae) is described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in the southern highland of Vietnam. The new species is characterized by lanceolate terminal buds that are ca. 2.5 mm long without coriaceous scales and covered with whitish brown hairs, glabrous twigs, predominantly alternate leaves evenly arranged on branches, elliptic leaf blade with acuminate apex, and depressed globose to transversely ellipsoidal fruits with not verrucose but asperously furfuraceous surface. A description, illustrations, preliminary conservation assessment, and DNA barcodes of ITS, psbA-trnH and trnL regions, are provided.

2-MeOPP positive hair result in case of urapidil treatment

In clinical toxicology (when prescribed in some special situations) as well as in forensic toxicology, hair general toxicological screenings (including more than 700 NPS) using LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS are performed in our laboratory. We reported surprising positive hair results for 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (2-MeOPP) in two cases of urapidil treatment, an in vitro metabolism study of urapidil investigated using human liver microsome (HLMs) and liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection (LC–HRMS), and a retrospectively identification in blood and urine samples in one case. (case #1) a 37-year-old man hospitalized for acute renal failure with bilateral kidney ischemia. Since he had admitted to regular cannabis use (a known promoting factor of renal ischemia), a hair analysis was prescribed in order to investigated for other addictions that might also be related to his illness (e.g. cocaine). (case #2) a 55-year-old man who was found unconscious in the street after an altercation and died in hospital 2 months later. A forensic hair analysis was requested in order to investigate a putatively drug use at the time of the altercation (e.g. cocaine and heroin). Non segmental hair (brown hair, 1.5 cm-long, and brown hair, 4 cm-long, in case #1 and #2, respectively) analysis were performed using both LC-HRMS and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) previously published methods [Gicquel T. Drug Test Anal 14(1):144–153; 2022]. In order to explain observed results, and owing to a hypothesis of 2-MeOPP presence related to urapidil metabolism urapidil [N. Allibe. Toxicol Anal Clin 26:128–132; 2014], incubation with HLMs was also performed [Gicquel T. Drug Test Anal 14(1):144–153; 2022]. In case#1, drugs related to patient's treatment since his hospitalization (3 weeks before), including urapidil (120 mg/day), were detected in hair together with 2-MeOPP. Any possible intake of this NPS was denied by the patient. In case #2, cocaine and related metabolites, medication related the treatment prescribed since the hospitalization (10 weeks before), including urapidil, were detected in hair together with 2-MeOPP. Hair results were 650 and 0.6 ng/mg (case#1), 410 and 4.4 ng/mg (case #2) for urapidil and 2-MeOPP, respectively. In vitro metabolism study confirmed that 2-MeOPP is a minor metabolite of urapidil (about 6%), and both were retrospectively detected in other case#1 biological samples: 140 and 11 μg/L (blood), 3660 and 58 μg/L (urine), for urapidil and 2-MeOPP, respectively. These results exhibit (i) metabolism of urapidil to 2-MeOPP, and (ii) a significant incorporation of 2-MeOPP into hair as a minor metabolite of urapidil. The lack of analytical data in the literature about concentrations observed in 2-MeOPP users do not allow us to compare these results with cases of 2-MeOPP proven consumption. These cases highlight (i) the risk of detection of 2-MeOPP in biological samples (blood, urine and hair) in case of urapidil treatment, and (ii) the necessity to consider the metabolism of drugs commonly administered in hospital practice to avoid misinterpretation of hair analytical results.

Identification and quantitation of kratom in the hair of a regular user of substances purchased on the darkweb

Kratom is a natural substance with psychostimulant properties obtained from the Mitragyna speciosa species. Used today as a recreational drug, the leaves are either chewed, encapsulated, smoked or ingested as an infusion with lemon juice and sugar. Mitragynin, one of the 40 alkaloids identified in the plant, is found in 0.2% of the leaves and is considered a more potent analgesic than morphine. We present hair analysis of a 27-year-old man who self-reported daily consumption for five years of about 20 g of kratom, purchased on the darkweb, coupled with regular consumption of cannabis, GABAergic drugs and sporadically JWH-122. He donated voluntarily some hair samples. After receiving the procedure, he took himself a 3 cm long strand of brown hair, 2 months after his last consumption of JWH-122 and sent by postal way. Sample preparation was done using a published method (Fabresse et al. Drug Test Anal 2019;11:697–708). The hair strand was cut in two segments of around 1.5 cm. After decontamination, 50 mg of hair sample were incubated in phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was performed using a mixture of heptane/ethyl acetate (v/v; 90/10) and carbonate buffer at pH 9.7. After agitation and centrifugation, a second LLE was performed by dichloromethane/isopropanol (v/v; 80/20). Organic phases were evaporated and of the dry residue was reconstituted in a mixture of water/ammonium formiate/formic acid. The screening method used an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a benchtop Orbitrap (Q-Exactive, Thermo) operating in data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA). The same extract was then submitted to a targeted analysis by LC-MS/MS for quantitation (LCQ TSQ Vantage XP triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, Thermo). The LC-HRMS method led to the identification of mitragynin and JWH-122. Mitragynin was quantified at 2235 pg/mg in the proximal part (A) and at 1717 pg/mg in the distal part (B). The metabolite of mitragynin, the 7-hydroxymitragynin was not identified. In parallel, using the same method, was positively quantified the JWH-122 in both hair segments (69 pg/mg in A; 103 pg/mg in B). The measured concentrations of kratom are compatible with the only concentrations described in the literature in a regular user (3 g/d) (Meier et al. Drug Test Anal 2020;12:280–4). In this case, mitragynin was measured in hair samples taken from different regions of the scalp with concentrations ranging from 1054 pg/mg to 2244 pg/mg. About the synthetic cannabinoid, the 27-year-old male self-reported a punctual JHW-122 consumption (20–40 mg/10 consecutive days). The values measured are also in accordance with the JWH-122 concentrations found in the literature based on eight hair samples from frequent users of THC-containing products or chronic abusers of classical drugs (range: 7–2800 pg/mg) (Salomone et al., Drug Test Anal 2014; 6(1–2), 126–134). Hair therefore appears to be a suitable biological matrix for the diagnosis and monitoring of kratom consumption.

Interest of nails analysis to investigate synthetic cannabinoid exposure? A case report

Discuss the interest of nails analysis in the challenging investigation of synthetic cannabinoids (SC) exposure regarding the documentation of an acute intoxication by FUB-AMB (or AMB-FUBINACA or MMB-FUBINACA). A 20-year-old man was transferred to emergency department after report of a psychotic behavior since 6 days. His medical history and examination were unremarkable except for cannabis consummation and vaping habits. Toxicological investigations were performed in the seized e-liquid, in blood and urine sampled 12 h after hospitalization and in keratinous matrices sampled 23 days later: 4 cm length brown hair, fingernails and toenails clippings. After washing, (i) hair sample has been segmented, cut into small pieces and 20 mg were incubated 1 h at 60 °C in methanol, (ii) nails were mechanically grinded in fine powders and extraction was performed in methanol for 16 h at room temperature. Large toxicological screenings (CL-HRMS and CL-MS/MS) together with selective analysis were performed using previously published methods. FUB-AMB, detected in the e-liquid, was quantified in all biological samples: 227 and 55 ng/mL in serum and urine, respectively, and 570, 1250, 850 and 210 pg/mg in proximal hair segment (period of reported acute intoxication), distal hair segment, fingernails and toenails, respectively. Its major ester hydrolysis metabolite was detected in all biological samples except in hair. Ratio of signal of metabolite over parent substance is clearly higher in toenails than in fingernails: 57% versus 6%. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of FUB-AMB detection in nails. FUB-AMB main metabolite was detected only in nails, and was proportionally more important in toenails than in fingernails. Several elements can explain the differences in incorporation in keratinized matrices, e.g., absence of melanin in nail, way of incorporation depending on physicochemical properties of considered substance. In nails, foot sweating could have increased incorporation of metabolites and less frequent washing than hands reduce their elimination. In addition, FUB-AMB contain a labile ester. Strongly metabolized, this substance is weakly stable in blood in vitro at room temperature [Krotulski A et al. J Anal Tox 2021;45(1):60–85]. Whereas degradation of SC labile ester in hair was demonstrated [Franz F et al. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016;408(13):3445–52] their stability in nails is not demonstrated and, on the contrary, could be majored, especially in toenails. Nails analysis have to be interpreted cautiously. In this reported case, results in nails objectivized one or several former exposures to FUB-AMB without being able to specify their chronology nor their chronicity. While many studies investigate retrospective CS consumption using hair analysis, only one publication regarding SC in nails is reported in literature. This case illustrate the interest of this matrix to documented SC exposure but also, regarding all the parameters described, its potential use for prevalence studies of SC even if further investigations, such sensibility regarding more potent SC and occasional user, are required.

Extrapyramidal syndrome in a breastfed child, relevance of toxicological analysis

The passage of drugs in breast milk may be responsible for toxicity in breastfed children. We report here a case of passage of metoclopramide, an antiemetic neuroleptic, in breast milk, causing an extrapyramidal syndrome in the child, revealed in blood and hair. Case: a 21-week-old child was brought by his parents to the pediatric neurology department for consultation following two episodes of unexplained extrapyramidal syndrome. The little G., fed by mixed breastfeeding, presented a first episode of unexplained acute dystonia (generalized hypertonia with legs in extension and arms flexed against the chest, ceiling gaze, opisthonos) and two weeks later, a new episode of acute extrapyramidal syndrome, which resolved in a few hours. Both events required emergency hospitalization. During the second episode, diazepam 0.5 mg/kg IV was initiated, unsuccessfully. The anamnesis revealed that the mother had taken a rectal suppository of metoclopramide (10 mg) 48 hours before the first episode. An MRI was performed on arrival at the emergency room. Blood toxicology analysis was performed two days after the first episode. A 3-cm strand of brown hair was collected one month after the second episode. The entire sample (13 mg) was analyzed without segmentation. It should also be noted that the father had retractile capsulitis, treated with codeine paracetamol, and that the child had received paracetamol for teething. The child had no further episodes of dystonia since the second event. The MRI was normal. The child's blood toxicology analysis revealed the presence of metoclopramide at a concentration of 8 ng/mL. Hair analysis revealed metoclopramide at a relatively high concentration (1058 pg/mg), as well as paracetamol (31 ng/mg), lidocaine (34 pg/mg), diazepam (3 pg/mg) and its metabolite nordazepam (5 pg/mg), and codeine (16 pg/mg) in the analyzed hair of child G. The presence of diazepam and its metabolite can be explained by medical care. The low concentration of codeine without its metabolite morphine, may suggest an external contamination by the environment, contact with people who had consumed this molecule (bedding, caressing, etc.), especially the child's father. The presence of metoclopramide in the blood and hair is compatible with a passage of breast milk to the child. According to the literature, less than 5% of the maternal dose is found in the child. Adverse effects such as intestinal disorders, drowsiness, agitation, hypertonia have already been described in breastfed children (EMA. Metoclopramide Assessment report, 2013). This case illustrates the passage into breast milk of rectally administered metoclopramide in the mother and the toxic effects of this molecule in the child. The interpretation of hair analysis in infants remains nevertheless delicate to discriminate consumption from environmental contamination.

Dear Elizabeth: A Play in Letters from Elizabeth Bishop to Robert Lowell and Back Again

Dear Elizabeth: A Play in Letters from Elizabeth Bishop to Robert Lowell and Back Again

The Private Investigator

The Private Investigator

Family Resemblance

Family Resemblance Marian Crotty (bio) Every summer, we met up in a different city where one of our families lived. San Diego, Minneapolis, Camden, Pittsburgh. Other than a brief excursion to a butterfly garden or beach, every trip was essentially the same—hotel breakfasts with stainless steel coffee dispensers and plastic canisters of Cheerios and Fruit Loops; hours in a dimly-lit hotel pool where the kids splashed around, and the adults drank the gin and tonics or vodka sours we’d poured into insulated coffee mugs in our hotel rooms. We knew the faint outlines of everyone’s separate lives back home in their separate cities or suburbs, but these trips were for our children, and every conversation centered on them and “Jake Gyllenhaal”—the sensitive skin, the aptitude for spatial relationships, those big blue eyes and thick brown hair. To see all of them in one place made us dizzy. That first summer, there had been eleven families who’d signed up for the sibling registry. By the second summer, there had been sixteen, and every summer after that, there was a slow trickle that added up to a number that was beginning to make us uneasy. When would the vials finally run out? When would children who looked like our children stop being born? And, considering that we had yet to meet one of those hetero, two-parent families who grinned at us from the website—we were lesbian couples and Alex, a single mother by choice from the Detroit suburbs— how many other families were out there? But as anxious as some of us were, we were also grateful to be living in this moment and in this country, to have the thousands of dollars needed to create our families—and we were grateful for this group, which would provide our children with a glimpse into the other half of their DNA, a chance, perhaps, to make up a little of what had been lost in being born this way. And so, when a new family arrived, we answered the questions we always answered about our children’s health, second parent adoption, the best phrases and phases to explain all of this to a child. We cooed over their babies and welcomed these new people into our fold. The eighth summer, there was just one new family—Izzy and Olivia and their nine-month-old daughter, Hattie. We knew already from [End Page 35] our Facebook group that they were cooler and more attractive than the rest of us, but we didn’t fully appreciate just how beautiful they were until we saw them in person. Izzy was slim and delicate with chin-length platinum hair, sharp cheekbones, blue eyes edged with dark liner. Many of us had never been women who felt comfortable in high heels or lipstick, and now that we were parents approaching middle age, we dressed entirely for utility and comfort—cargo shorts and Fruit of the Loom t-shirts, Teva sandals we’d owned since before our children were born. Izzy wore leather flats and a silk blouse tucked into a pair of stiff, high-waisted denim pants that we understood must be trendy. She had the small, lithe body of a dancer and movements so graceful she made us self-conscious about how we carried our own bodies. Of the two of them, Izzy was the more conventionally attractive— she looked like a model—but it was Olivia, with her short, edgy haircut and her masculine energy, who really intrigued us. She was alluring in an androgynous, macho way that felt both familiar and also completely reimagined—a better, sexier version of ourselves. Tall and lean, wearing long cutoffs and skateboarding sneakers, a faded t-shirt from an indie rock band we didn’t know, she had the magnetic pull of a stylish tomboy old enough to have harnessed her powers. When she introduced herself, her handshake was firm, and she held our gaze just long enough to make our hearts beat a little faster. “Call me Liv,” she said, her voice low and husky as if she had just woken up. “It’s good to finally meet all of...

Recognition of Coat Pattern Variation and Broken Tail Phenomenon in the Asiatic Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii).

Simple SummaryA variety of new survey technologies are continuously being developed and used in wildlife monitoring. Rapidly advancing and widely used camera trap survey technology has helped to capture data and gain insights into many species. The Eastern Himalayas is a global biodiversity hotspot with exceptionally high species diversity. The Asian golden cat is widely distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. It inhabits seasonal rain forests from 100 m above sea level to the Rhododendron forest up to 3500 m above sea level. Coat pattern variation in the Asian golden cat is particularly prominent in this region. The common color type is the most widely distributed, followed by nine other types. We found 10 coat pattern variations and two coat patterns with a broken tail made up 0.32% of independent photos taken during a long-term nine-year monitoring program. The variation in coat patterns is indicative of the geography of the region. Environmental conditions regulate and activate the genetic diversity of Asian golden cat phenotypes. This study further strengthened the understanding of the basic knowledge of golden cat color types and lays the foundation for exploring the diversity of golden cat color types at the molecular level.The Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) is the most varied wild cat species in terms of coat color. Understanding coat pattern variation will help to elucidate the mechanisms behind it as well as its relationship with the environment. We conducted long-term (2013–2021) monitoring of Asian golden cats in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, Tibet, using camera traps at 283 points over 89,991 camera days. A total of 620 cat photos were recorded, including 344 (55.48%) with recognizable color patterns. Vector graphics of the coat patterns were extracted from the field image data, which revealed 10 color types in the ratio common: cinnamon: reddish-brown long hair: ocelot: blackening: melanistic: gray: brown: brown short hair: pure black = 123:76:57:35:22:8:7:7:5:4. The genes for coat pattern variation are widespread in the Asian golden cat population and are relatively stable. The increase in population size intraspecific competition has led to the tail break phenotype in individual cats. The gene encoding for tail breakage in Asian golden cats remains unknown. This study provides basic information for understanding faunal diversity in the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and serves as a reference for studies on the formation mechanisms for feline color pattern diversity.

Cortisol Concentration in Horsehair and its Relationship to Body Location, Coat Colour, and Gender

The determination of cortisol concentrations in animal hair appears to be a relatively simple and non-invasive method of assessing chronic stress. This method has advantages but it also has some drawbacks. We discovered that there are specific coat properties and individual factors in animlas that can affect corisol levels and skew the interpretation of results. We removed horsehair from 8 different areas of the body (chest, left saddle, right saddle, right thoracic fetlock, and left thoracic fetlock, the mane was also sampled at the withers, just behind the ears, and the tail strand) in 31 horses and found statistically significant differences in cortisol concentrations There were statistically significant differences in the color of black, white, and brown hair based on the amount of cortisol excreted. In contrast, no significant differences in cortisol concentrations were found when the animals' sexes were compared. Samples should be taken from the same region with the same hair colour to obtain accurate results as the literature states that colour and location of the hair sampling effects cortisol concentrations. Studies also show that the gender of the animal has no effect on cortisol concentration.

Judging an Airbnb booking by its cover: how profile photos affect guest ratings

PurposeThis research aims to examine whether the facial appearances and expressions of Airbnb host photos influence guest star ratings.Design/methodology/approachThis research analyzed the profile photos of over 20,000 Airbnb hosts and the guest star ratings of over 30,000 Airbnb listings in New York City, using machine learning techniques.FindingsFirst, hosts who provided profile photos received higher guest ratings than those who did not provide photos. When facial features of profile photos were recognizable, guest ratings were higher than when they were not recognizable (e.g. faces too small, faces looking backward or faces blocked by some objects). Second, a happy facial expression, blond hair and brown hair positively affected guest ratings, whereas heads tilted back negatively affected guest ratings.Originality/valueThis research is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to analyze the facial appearances and expressions of profile photos using machine learning techniques and examine the influence of Airbnb host photos on guest star ratings.

‘Guess who’? An Italian multicentric study on pigmentation traits prevalence in endometriosis localizations

ObjectivesPrevious evidence seems to support the more common presence of certain pigmentation types in women with endometriosis. The aim of this study was to assess the association of certain somatic phenotypes with specific localizations of the disease. The genetic makeup of those somatic traits may will help in better define the disease pathogenesis. Study designMulticentric, retrospective study of women aged 18 to 45 with histologically confirmed endometriosis. 575 patients were recruited at eleven different Italian endometriosis clinics from March 2015 to January 2021. Data regarding clinical and surgical features were recorded following the self-administered endometriosis patient questionnaire and the surgical standard of reports approved by the World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF). Pigmentation types/somatic phenotypes frequencies among endometriosis localizations were reported. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine somatic types independently associated with disease’ localizations. ResultsHaving green eyes increased by ∼4 folds (OR 3.7; 95% CI: 1.42–9.61; p = 0.007) the risk of having a ureteral nodule, whereas brown/black eyes decreased this risk (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13–0.87; p = 0.025). Consistently, the combination of green eyes and blonde/light brown hairs increased the odds of ureteral endometriosis by more than 5 folds (OR 5.40; 95%CI: 2.02–14.49; p = 0.001), even after correction for anthropometric confounders (aOR 5.85; 95% CI: 2.13–16.09; p < 0.001). ConclusionsThe association between endometriosis and pigmentary traits has been herein confirmed, with the novel finding of the possible predisposition of ureteral endometriosis in patients with green eyes and blonde/light brown hairs. Further investigation on the genetic makeup of somatic traits may provide new inroads also into the molecular aspects of endometriosis leading to a better understanding of this complex disease.

Dermatological and Dermoscopic Baselines in BRCA Mutation Carriers.

Breast cancer-associated genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) are tumor suppressor genes encoding a large protein that is involved in many essential biological processes. BRCA mutated patients show an increased risk to develop several malignancies, including cutaneous malignancies, although inconsistently across multiple studies. We carried out an observational study on the main dermatological and dermoscopic aspects in a population of patients with BRCA 1/2 mutations, to identify the main clinical and dermoscopical features in this class of patients. A total of 52 patients with BRCA mutations were included in the current analysis. Clinical, dermoscopical, and pathological data were obtained during the dermatologic visits. Out of the entire cohort, 67.3% of patients showed brown hairs and 63.5% of patients showed brown eyes, with phototype III as the most frequent phototype (69.2%). A total of 2.017 melanocytic lesions in all patients were analyzed; specifically, 40 patients (76.9%) showed a total number of nevi > 10, while regarding the main observed dermoscopic features, a prevalence of reticular pattern in 63% of cases was observed, followed by a mixed pattern in 19.2% of cases. Regarding the cutaneous examination, eruptive angiomas (eCAs) were the main dermatologic manifestations in 46.2% of patients. Out of 52 patients and during a follow-up of 24 months one patient developed an in situ melanoma. Interestingly, none of the patients with eCAs showed a TN > 10, highlighting an inverse correlation. To date, there is insufficient evidence to warrant increased surveillance in patients with BRCA mutations or with a positive family history for BRCA mutations, in the absence of standard cutaneous risk factors. Further studies with larger samples of patients are needed to better investigate dermatological and dermatoscopic features in BRCA mutation carriers.

The Soldier's Dilemma

Int. Fort Leavenworth Prison Cell, Nighttime.A man lays sleeping in bed, by his lonesome. The man in bed is Private Francis Orestes. He is in his early 20s, tall with a medium build, dark blond hair, and hazel eyes. His generally handsome features have been dampened by rather severe bruises and cuts. Parts of his torso are clearly bandaged. He tosses violently in his sleep, dreaming of quiet horror.The clanking of pipes audibly rustles.Int. Prison Psychiatrist's Office, Daytime, Orestes and Euterpe Sit Across from One Another.Francis Orestes sits in a room reminiscent of a high school guidance counselor's office, with the additional features of a prison.Orestes sits with both his arms and legs crossed, even though he is chained to the floor, making the position uncomfortable.Across a cluttered desk sits Doctor Valentina Euterpe. She is thin with brown hair and poses average height. She wears a pastel buttoned jacket and matching skirt, like the style of Jackie Kennedy, as well as white oval glasses. She possesses a somewhat timeless beauty and elegance, so her age could range from late 40s to early 60s.Int. Prison Meeting Room, DayOrestes sits at a metal table, handcuffed in place. He wears his usual prison garb and bears a grim look as he waits.Enter Corrections Specialist Curtin, followed shortly by an officer.The officer, Captain Jaxon Boedromi, in full uniform. He has dark black hair, cut short, and dark brown eyes. He is of average height, but of an exceedingly good build. There is a casual coolness to his stride, but he walks with a barely noticeable limp.Int. Daytime, Prison Visitors’ Center. Orestes Is Seated.Francis Orestes sits alone, nervously tapping his foot. He has a twisted look of distress on his face. He looks toward the door, waiting for someone to enter.Monique Orestes enters. She is of average height, with a small frame, blonde hair, and brown eyes. She is wearing a blue floral pattern dress cinched at the waist by a belt. She looks solemnly upon the crowd of faces, finds her son, and makes her way to him.Int. Prison Psychiatrist's Office, Bright Daytime, Orestes and Euterpe Sit Across from One Another.Orestes sits chained to the ground, glumly looking toward the floor. Doctor Euterpe sits across from him and attempts to get his attention by clearing her throat, though his stare remains blank.Int. Courtroom, Daytime, Boedromi and Orestes Sit at a Table Facing an Empty BenchOrestes and Boedromi orient themselves at their desk, both dressed in formal fatigues. Behind them sits many military onlookers. Enter Potineish and the Judge Advocates (they sit at the opposite table of Orestes).Int. Daytime, Prison Visitors Center. Francis Is Seated Across from His Two Parents.Francis sits facing his two parents. They all look nervously at one another. Orestes taps his foot absently until his mother places her hand on top of his.

Stephen Foster and the Slavery Question

Stephen Foster and the Slavery Question

Hair Colour Stereotypes in Croatian Language Corpora

The paper shows how hair colour stereotypes are reflected in two Croatian language corpora: the Croatian Language Corpus hrWaC and the Croatian Language Repository. Both were searched with the Sketch Engine corpus tool, utilizing the word sketches function, which shows the information on the most common collocations in which a lemma occurs. Synonymous words denoting female and male persons with fair, brown, black, ginger, or red hair were explored. The following hypotheses were confirmed or partially confirmed: women are more often defined by hair colour than men; more synonyms denote a female person of a particular hair colour than a male person; some synonyms appear in contexts suggesting stereotypes more often than others; in the formation of words especially denoting female persons of particular hair colour, some word-formation models are used to form pejorative and depreciative words and (by onymisation) animal names; and the adjectives pravi (‘real’), jedan (‘one’), and običan (‘ordinary’) serve as focus markers and suggest expressions reflecting stereotypes. Based on the conducted collocation and word-formation analysis, it is concluded that the collocations and word-formation models associated with hair colour words suggest various extralinguistic data, including the social status of women.

Laboratory diagnosis of the Tropicamide non-drug consumption

Introduction. Lately, medical services have reported a lot of cases caused by taking Tropicamide alone or with other drugs together. Moreover, it has been declared that the increase in the number of resistance cases to Tropicamide consumption has. Due to those facts, Tropicamide was included in the List of Drugs for Medical Use that should be served by the prescriptions in 2015. However, nowadays in Russia there are many combinations of medicines, for instance, Tropicamide and α-adrenergic agonist (phenylephrine) (Midrimax, Fenikamid, Appamide plus) that are not under that regulation. As a result, those medicines are served in pharmacies without any prescriptions. Thus, method developing for Tropicamide determination in the hair samples to establish his consumption period has become a perspective one.Aim. The research aimed to develop a method for the isolation and determination of Tropicamide in the hair samples.Materials and method. Reference standard of Tropicamide was used in this research. The following enzymes – papain, chymopsin, chymotrypsin, and hyaluronidase – were applied in the experiment. To design the long-term consumption of Tropicamide, laboratory animals (Guinea pigs, average masses about 200 – 250 g) with fair and brown nature colour hair were used in this research. The hair of laboratory animals was dyed by professional hair-dye "Estel Professional De Luxe". The following equipment was applied: balance "Sartorius СР224S", pH-meter " FiveEasy ", ball mill Retsch MM-200. The hair samples extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (Gas chromatograph model 7890А with mass selective detector model 5977 and MassHunter GC/MS software by Agilent Technologies).Results and discussion. All developed methods of enzymatic hydrolysis (by papain, chymopsin, chymotrypsin, and hyaluronidase) revealed comparable results for the Tropicamide determination in the hair samples. The research showed that the amount of the analyte isolated from the pigmented hair was a bit higher in comparison with the other hair samples (fair hair), despite the melanin gives chemical steadiness property to hair stuff. Moreover, the amount of Tropicamide extracted from the dyed hair samples increased by 30 %. The degradation products of the analyte of interest were not found in the extracts obtained for the dyed hair samples. Thus, the colorant does not destroy the xenobiotic during the hair dying procedure and does not impact the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The values of the validation parameters (precision and accuracy) met the required criteria for bioanalytical methods. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis method can be recommended for application in laboratory practice.Conclusion. In the course of the study, a method for laboratory diagnostics of non-drug use of tropicamide was developed, the reproducibility of which meets the acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods, which makes it possible to recommend it for work in laboratory practice.

Comportamento de tecidos à implantação de partículas esféricas de limalha

Implantaram no dorso de camundongos partículas de limalha empregada na preparação de amálgama. Decorridos 12, 13, 14 e 15 meses sacrificam-se grupos de animais, estudando-se histológicamente a região do implante. Não são observadas alterações morfológicas significativas nos tecidos da região estudada.

P081 Unravelling SLE in a young male child

Abstract Background Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE)) is a rare but severe multisystem autoimmune, inflammatory disease that can affect any organ system and cause significant morbidity and mortality. The disease onset occurs before the age of 18, however the peak age of onset is between 12 and 14 years and it affects ∼15–20% of all SLE patients. Patients with disease onset before 5 years of age are very uncommon and may be referred to as early-onset SLE. They commonly present with fever and general malaise, rash and arthritis. In addition, cases of jSLE, tend to have more severe organ manifestations and greater damage at the time of diagnosis as well as a higher incidence of renal, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric involvement. Compared with adult-onset SLE, it is more aggressive, with higher medication burden including corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Method and results This case report reviews the journey of a 5-year-old boy, who developed recurrent skin rashes, fever and generalised lymphadenopathy in his second year of life. After multiple hospital admissions and various investigations at different facilities spanning a year, he was admitted to the paediatric emergency unit at a tertiary hospital on account of an acute infection. On presentation, he was pyrexial. There were hypo- and hyperpigmented lesions extending over his scalp, face and upper arms as well as vasculitic lesions in his palms and soles; lip ulcers, sparse brown hair and multiple, non-tender lymph nodes in the cervical, supraclavicular and axillary regions. Respiratory examination revealed a right lobar pneumonia. Heart rate was 112 bpm and heart sounds were normal, however an echocardiogram showed a moderate pericardial effusion with no signs of tamponade. His abdomen was distended with a non-tender hepatomegaly. There was no synovitis. He was lethargic, but had no focal neurological signs. Laboratory results were as follows: normocytic anaemia (8.5 g/dl); ESR (120 mm/h); deranged transaminases; albumin (32 g/dl); Creatinine (12umol/l); urinalysis was normal, positive antinuclear antibody (1:320); positive double-stranded DNA (1:40); positive anti-smith, anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies; low C3, C4. A lymph node biopsy showed reactive changes only, with no evidence of haematological malignancy. The diagnosis of jSLE was confirmed at age 3yrs. The acute illness due to pneumonia was treated with antibiotics. Prednisolone 10 mg, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 80 mg daily, Azathioprine 25 mg daily, calcium supplementation and gastric protection were added to manage the jSLE. He made an initial recovery and was managed in the outpatient clinic for months. However, his illness flared up again around age 4 years when he developed generalized seizures, facial and pedal oedema, low urine output, proteinuria 3+, low albumin (25 g/dl), creatinine (252umol/l) and high urine albumin-creatinine ratio (278.62 mg/mmol) reflecting new renal and CNS involvement. A renal biopsy was not available. He received pulse iv methylprednisolone 250 mg daily for 3 days followed by monthly iv cyclophosphamide therapy 500 mg (NIH Regime) which was discontinued after the 5th cycle due to haemorrhagic cystitis. He eventually continued treatment with mycophenolate mofetil 125 mg daily, HCQ 80 mg daily, Prednisolone 10 mg daily, Nifedipine and Enalapril and a year later, has low activity from the cutaneous, renal and CNS manifestations. There is renal damage (creatinine 180 μmol/l) and hypertension, as well as treatment complications from prednisolone causing bilateral cataracts. Conclusion Early diagnosis of jSLE is still a challenge and a high index of suspicion is required especially in the very young. Severe presentation and aggressive clinical course is associated with tissue damage, as in the case presented. Management is complex and we were challenged by the choice and availability of treatment suitable for the severity of his disease, bearing in mind that damage can occur early especially in a male child. In addition, it is important to consider his young age and long-term exposure to drug toxicity and complications.