Brown Bag Research Articles

On-Tree Fruit Bagging and Cold Storage Maintain the Postharvest Quality of Mango Fruit

The present study investigates the influence of on-tree fruit bagging on the quality and shelf life of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Samar Bahisht Chaunsa’) during cold storage (12 °C ± 1; 85–90% RH) for 0, 10 and 20 days (d) and subsequent shelf storage under ambient conditions (25 °C ± 1; 60–65% RH). Fruits were covered with brown paper bags at the marble stage and then harvested at commercial maturity. Results showed that 0 d and 10 d cold-stored fruits, irrespective of bagging treatments, retained eatable quality and shelf-life up to 7 d and 5 d during ambient storage, respectively. However, bagged fruits had better postharvest performance compared with non-bagged fruits by exhibiting slower weight loss, higher fruit firmness, more total soluble solids, vitamin C and total phenolic content and higher activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase during cold storage and ambient shelf storage. On the other hand, 20 d cold-stored fruits, both bagged and non-bagged, were decayed when kept under ambient conditions. It is proposed that mango fruit bagging could be a potential cultural practice to preserve postharvest quality up to 10 d of cold storage, followed by 5 d under ambient conditions.

Each Careful Step Along the Highway

Each Careful Step Along the Highway Jamie Black (bio) The email must've auto-triggered. It's in Comic Sans and reads, Guess Who's Moving? You! Pay your outstanding balance or release your apartment and return all keys by noon—police are standing by. Eviction protections lapsed at midnight, 56 seconds ago. Extended protections are being debated—some senator from a different state is holding them up, worried a new moratorium could hurt the landlord who owns my building and three more lead-painted tenements down the block. Future good news, probably, for folks who can afford lawyers, who can hunker and fight. Doesn't make any practical difference for me. Every red cent I've got left is on a smiley-faced debit card sent by my auto-insurance company. A refunded sliver of 2020's premiums on account of pandemic lockdowns (283 bucks) came today. But I owe 1100 in back rent and I've been on food bank rations for a month. Monday was apples, chard, crackers, and crunchy peanut butter. I've got three lemons from last week and a brown bag of loose couscous in a crate with Starbucks honey sticks, duck sauce, and hardtack I found at Desi Mart. Since this shit started, I've tried to be proud of rolling with punches—punches that came with the cadence of microwave popcorn—but I just can't get out of bed and start packing. Instead, I get out of bed and walk to Fifth Wall for a nightcap. The place smells the same as before I got furloughed, before we all had to hibernate. Onions, garlic, leather, salt. I sidle up to the bar, settle into a stool of worn hide and iron. Slap that yellow card down on the marble. The owner, Wil, is behind the stick, wearing a porkpie and herringbone mask. He winks at me while tending two men in matching Louboutins, who shy away when I sit, moving in unison, never untwining their knot-knuckled hands. Wil muddles a tamarind daiquiri while apologizing for how things turned out. "Wish I could bring you back, but I'm not even paying myself. Won't make it past Christmas at half-capacity. Any rec or reference, text and I'll send it." He drops a dehydrated lime in the coupe and nudges it in front of me. It's my first drink out since lockdown, and it's stiff. I force a laugh. "I'll send a pigeon. Mañana, my cellie goes dark." He taps his hat's brim, says this one's on him. "Don't tip," he says, bumping my fist. After last call, I head home, roll a smoke, and straddle the windowsill. [End Page 88] I hunch under the upper sash and reach to touch the glossy green leaves of the overgrown autumn blaze maple I guess I won't get to see change. I look back in at my stiffening socks and wrinkled tees draped over fish wire, sodden denim I washed in the sink still dripping onto the coverless paperbacks by the foot of my frameless futon. There's a molehill of shoes in front of the Japanese folding screen that features the Fisherman's Wife, reliably supine in unlikely ecstasy, which I've been using as a bathroom door. I wonder what I'll have to give up in the Tetris of packing because I'm not leaving the screen behind. I spit on the cigarette's cherry. Stuff it into the rusted gutter overhead. I climb in and start kicking the shit of my life into piles: Must Have, Good to Have, Would Be Nice. Because neither wrinkles easily, I don't pack my pink leathers or ribbed velveteen sweater. I fold both gently, set them aside for dinner tonight with Remy and their parents. On the last night I'm guaranteed a roof over my head, I sleep on the fire escape under the leaves of the autumn blaze. ________ All my possessions are in the collapsed backseat of my Civic when I drive past the address Remy texted. I can't see any house from the street. High wrought...

Evaluating fomite risk of brown paper bags storing personal protective equipment exposed to SARS-CoV-2: A quasi-experimental study.

Literature is lacking on the safety of storing contaminated PPE in paper bags for reuse, potentially increasing exposure to frontline healthcare workers (HCW) and patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of paper bags as a barrier for fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by storing face masks, respirators, and face shields. This quasi-experimental study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the interior and exterior surfaces of paper bags containing PPE that had aerosolized exposures in clinical and simulated settings. Between May and October 2020, 30 unique PPE items were collected from COVID-19 units at two urban hospitals. Exposed PPE, worn by either an infected patient or HCW during a SARS-CoV-2 aerosolizing event, were placed into an unused paper bag. Samples were tested at 30-minute and 12-hour intervals. A total of 177 swabs were processed from 30 PPE samples. We found a 6.8% positivity rate among all samples across both collection sites. Highest positivity rates were associated with ventilator disconnection and exposure to respiratory droplets from coughing. Positivity rates differed between hospital units. Total positivity rates were similar between 30-minute (6.7%) and 12-hour (6.9%) sample testing time intervals. Control samples exposed to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 droplets had higher total viral counts than samples exposed to nebulized aerosols. Data suggests paper bags are not a significant fomite risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, controls demonstrated a risk with droplet exposure. Data can inform guidelines for storing and re-using PPE in situations of limited supplies during future pandemics.

Task sharing in an interprofessional medication management program – a survey of general practitioners and community pharmacists

BackgroundPharmacist-led medication review and medication management programs (MMP) are well-known strategies to improve medication safety and effectiveness. If performed interprofessionally, outcomes might even improve. However, little is known about task sharing in interprofessional MMP, in which general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) collaboratively perform medication reviews and continuously follow-up on patients with designated medical and pharmaceutical tasks, respectively. In 2016, ARMIN (Arzneimittelinitiative Sachsen-Thüringen) an interprofessional MMP was launched in two German federal states, Saxony and Thuringia. The aim of this study was to understand how GPs and CPs share tasks in MMP when reviewing the patients’ medication.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional postal survey among GPs and CPs who participated in the MMP. Participants were asked who completed which MMP tasks, e.g., checking drug-drug interactions, dosing, and side effects. In total, 15 MMP tasks were surveyed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “I complete this task alone” to “GP/CP completes this task alone”. The study was conducted between 11/2020 and 04/2021. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsIn total, 114/165 (69.1%) GPs and 166/243 (68.3%) CPs returned a questionnaire. The majority of GPs and CPs reported (i) checking clinical parameters and medication overuse and underuse to be completed by GPs, (ii) checking storage conditions of drugs and initial compilation of the patient’s medication including brown bag review being mostly performed by CPs, and (iii) checking side-effects, non-adherence, and continuous updating of the medication list were carried out jointly. The responses differed most for problems with self-medication and adding and removing over-the-counter medicines from the medication list. In addition, the responses revealed that some MMP tasks were not sufficiently performed by either GPs or CPs.ConclusionsBoth GPs’ and CPs’ expertise are needed to perform MMP as comprehensively as possible. Future studies should explore how GPs and CPs can complement each other in MMP most efficiently.

Preventive health therapy and behavior outcomes from a brown bag medication review for older adults.

Morbidity and mortality associated with preventable diseases can be reduced with the use of preventive health services. We evaluated the uptake and retention of preventive health behaviors and management of accidental medication poisonings in older adults after a health prevention educational component was combined with a brown bag medication review. This study used a cohort design and was conducted in six urban senior centers and three independent senior living communities in Detroit, Michigan. Participants included 85 older adults (>60 years old) taking five or more medications with 63 participants returning follow up materials. Pharmacy personnel conducted brown bag medication reviews that were combined with a preventive health education component. Information was collected on medications, vaccinations, supplement use, and accidental medication poisoning management. Participants were given written recommendations on prescription medications and preventive health therapies to improve health and medication use. An investigator developed program satisfaction survey was administered immediately after the review. An investigator-developed follow-up preventive health implementation survey was conducted at least 3 months later to assess recommendation implementation. Participants' mean age was 75.9 ± 8.5 years. Fifty-six older adults had 124 recommendations in preventive health in total (1-5/participant). Eleven participants had no recommendations. Sixty-three participants (74%) returned follow-up preventive health surveys. Twenty-three percent of recommendations were already implemented with 34% planned to be done in the future. Poisoning management knowledge increased for 13 participants, reporting they would call the poison control center. The program was well received, with participants reporting high satisfaction scores (4.8 ± 0.7 out of 5). Brown bag medication reviews can be an effective method to promote the uptake of preventive health behaviors among older adults, but additional accidental medication poisoning management education is still needed.

Aflatoxin B1 in Rice: Effects of Storage Duration, Grain Type and Size, Production Site, and Season

Our study evaluated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels in packed rice marketed in Lebanon and determined the exposure to this toxin from rice consumption. A total of 105 packed white, parboiled, and brown rice bags were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure AFB1. A comprehensive food frequency questionnaire was completed by 500 participants to determine patterns of rice consumption and, subsequently, the exposure levels to AFB1 from rice consumption in Lebanon. AFB1 was detected in all rice samples (100%). The average concentration ± standard deviation of AFB1 was 0.5 ± 0.3 μg/kg. Contamination ranged between 0.06 and 2.08 μg/kg. Moisture content in all rice samples was below the recommended percentage (14%). Only 1% of the samples had an AFB1 level above the European Union limit (2 μg/kg). Brown rice had a significantly higher AFB1 level than white and parboiled rice (P = 0.02), while a significant difference was found between both collections for the same brands (P = 0.016). Packing season, packing country, country of origin, presence of a food safety management certification, grain size, and time between packing and purchasing had no significant effect. Exposure to AFB1 from rice consumption in Lebanon was calculated as 0.1 to 2 ng/kg of body weight per day.

Analysis of Storage and Packaging Conditions on Physicochemical Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a horticultural product widely distributed in Indonesia and is an easily damaged commodity during storage. Suitable storage conditions are needed to increase the eggplant's shelf-life. This study aims to determine the differences and the best conditions of packaging type, storage temperature, and shelf-life to maintain and improve the eggplant's quality. This research was conducted using a Nested Design with three replications. The analysis used includes weight loss, moisture content, ash content, pH, firmness level, protein content, fat content, and carbohydrates content. The results indicate that storage at cold temperatures (±8 °C) can inhibit metabolic processes, so there is a decrease in protein and carbohydrate content due to lower respiration processes than eggplant stored at room temperature (±27 °C). The type of polyethylene (PE) plastic packaging can reduce the potential for damage to eggplant during storage and increase the eggplant's shelf-life compared to brown kraft paper bag packaging and without packaging, which is characterized by better weight loss, protein, carbohydrates, and texture. Storage treatment for five days at cold temperatures (±8 °C) with PE plastic packaging was the best treatment in this study.

Effect of pre-harvest treatment, packaging and storage conditions on shelf life and quality of lasora (Cordia myxa) fruits

An experiment was conducted on the effect of pre-harvest spray of calcium chloride (1–2%), pre-cooling, packaging materials and storage conditions on shelf life and quality of lasora fruits. The LDPE bags were found most efficient in reducing the PLW followed by cling film and brown paper bags both under ambient and refrigerated conditions. The pre-cooled fruits revealed significantly lower PLW compared to non pre-cooled fruits up to 4th day in ambient condition and till 14th day in refrigerated conditions. Under ambient conditions, the maximum shelf life of 7 days was recorded in LDPE followed by cling film wrap and brown paper bags while under refrigerated conditions it could be extended up to 14 days in LDPE and cling film packed fruits and 7 days in brown paper. The spoilage was significantly higher at ambient condition within 7 days in LDPE packed fruits (3.54%) and least in cling film. The spoilage increased to 10–12% in refrigerator when the fruits were stored for longer duration and it was not affected significantly by different treatments. The antioxidant activity was absent in the fruits stored in ambient condition while it was recorded in refrigerated fruits even after 14 days of storage.

What color bag? Three emerging practices pharmacists should know

What color bag? Three emerging practices pharmacists should know

Foliar Application of Multi-micronutrients Grade IV and Different Fruit Covering Materials: A Focus on Yield and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Bhagwa)

Background: Foliar fertilization as a highly effective approach to regulating plant nutrition has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study determined to elucidate the impact of foliar application of micronutrients grade IV and pre-harvest fruit covering bags on the quality and yield of pomegranate cv. Bhagwa. Materials and Methods: Micronutrients grade IV was applied to foliage at the time of flowering and three weeks after first flowering with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% concentrations. Thereafter, the completely set fruits of pomegranates were covered in a newspaper bag, brown paper bag, white paper bag, non-woven bag, and non-covered fruits left as control treatment. Findings: The results revealed that significantly (P<0.05) higher amount of fruit yield (ton/hectare), fruit retention, total sugar (%), and reducing sugar (%) was observed with the application of multi-micronutrients at 1.0% level concentration. In addition, all the aforementioned parameters showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values at 1.0% multi-micronutrients with the interaction of brown paper bags covering materials. Conclusion: To conclude, fruit covering materials and the application of nutrients substantially influence the yield and quality of pomegranate.

“You can't read your way out of racism”: creating anti-racist action out of education in an academic library

PurposeUnder the transformational leadership of the University Librarian, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries shifted from having an education- and programming-based “diversity committee” to a council of librarians advocating for action, anti-racism and social justice, both within our organization and across campus. As our University Librarian noted, “you cannot read your way out of racism.”Design/methodology/approachWith support from library leadership, the Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility (IDEA) Council has advanced anti-racism work in the libraries by serving as facilitators for a book discussion series, organizing a 21-day racial equity challenge, supporting staff in integrating anti-racism practices into their daily work through brown bag conversations, and facilitating the development of inclusion-focused performance management goals.FindingsWhat does an anti-racist library look like, and how does our organization envision this future? These questions anchor the IDEA Council's strategies. The libraries have witnessed a positive shift in staff participation: two-thirds of library staff participated in a Racial Equity Institute Groundwater presentation and in a library-wide book discussion series; approximately half the staff committed to our 21-day racial equity challenge. Participants were asked to reflect in conversation and through surveys.Originality/valueThe first wave of a newly established grant program funded eight staff-led projects to advance social justice in the libraries. Additional steps included caucusing by racial identity, staff-wide discussions about racial equity, and a second wave of funding for the grant program. The authors approach this work with cultural humility: seeking to learn from one another, our peers and fellow activists.

"Brown Bag Clinic": A Pharmacist-led Approach to Reduce Heart Failure Hospital Readmission.

Objectives: Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 6 million in the United States and despite guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), still more than 20% of patients are readmitted within 30 days.1,2 This study evaluated the impact of a "pharmacist-led HF Brown Bag Clinic" (BBC) on HF patient outcomes including readmissions and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study, conducted at an academic medical center, included adult patients 18 to 89 years old with HF presenting to the BBC 7-14 days post HF hospitalization. Those failing to attend the BBC within 30 days of hospital discharge were in the control group. Our electronic medical records were used to capture patients' baseline characteristics and describe pharmacists' interventions. Thirty- and ninety-day post-discharge HF readmission and all-cause mortality were evaluated. Results: A total of 32 patients met the inclusion criteria; 15 receiving intervention and 17 controls. A total of 18 HF hospital readmissions occurred, 4 (22%) readmissions in the intervention group and 14 (78%) in the control group (p= 0.06). Hospital readmissions within 30 days and 90 days were greater in the control group compared with the intervention group (18% vs. 7% and 41% vs. 21% respectively). Conclusion: A pharmacist-led post-discharge clinic demonstrated numerically fewer HF hospital readmissions compared with a scheduled but "no show" control group.

Leviathan’s Latent Dimensions: Measuring State Capacity for Comparative Political Research

State capacity is a core concept in political science research, and it is widely recognized that state institutions exert considerable influence on outcomes such as economic development, civil conf...

Sandwiches, 6 Feet Apart: Reflections on Community (and Medical School) During COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students were removed from clinical clerkships. During this time of uncertainty, 4 clinical medical students at the University of Michigan returned to the community to support their neighbors experiencing homelessness. They did so by making brown bag lunches for people sleeping on the streets and acting as community volunteers in temporary shelters. Though formal education was stalled, they reconnected with the initial desire that led them to pursue medical education in the first place and developed key skills in communication, relating to others, and compassion that they believe will enable them to become better physicians in the future.

Effect of Fruit Bagging on Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer for Quality Eggplant Production

The study was tested the technical feasibility of bagging eggplant fruits during production to protect them against Eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) following randomized complete block with 6 treatments. Highest number of marketable fruits per plant was produced by imported white bag (12.33), which was followed by butter paper bag (10.67). Maximum aborted fruit was obtained from the imported brown bag (23.33%) and HDPE bag (20.00%). The highest average fruit weight (363.33 g) was obtained from fruits bagged with Imported white, while maximum fruit length and fruit diameter was also produced from imported white bag (15.27 cm and 11.23 cm, respectively). Zero percent damage by eggplant fruit and shoot borer was produced by imported brown bag, imported white bag and butter paper bag, while higher infection was observed in open fruit (control) (17.70 %), HDPE bag (11.70 %). Bagging eggplant fruit produced 38.78 to 58.20 t/ha, while open fruit (control) produced only 35.66 t/ha. The highest calculated fruit yield 58.20 tons/ha was estimated from imported white bag and other bagging fruits were local brown bag (46.74 t/ha), HDPE bag (45.00 t/ha), butter paper bag (43.23 t/ha). The bagging of eggplant fruits with imported white bag and butter paper bag were more effective in reducing damage by eggplant fruit and shoot borer than the other bagging treatments and the control. These two treatments produced higher number of consumers preferred fruit, without negative effects on the color of the skin, fresh weight and fruit abortion, thus resulting in higher economic gains.

Comparison of some edible coatings and paper bag on preservation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during storage

To investigate the effect of some edible coatings on weight loss and storage life of two thorny cucumber cultivars including Tiba’ and ‘Kurage’ cultivars, this research was conducted in a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment comprised five treatments including three edible coatings (olive oil, almond oil and liquid paraffin), packing in brown paper bag without any edible coating and control treatment. All of the treated samples were placed in a thin plastic container having eight holes and control samples were placed in a plastic box solely. Packages were stored at 10 oC and 85-90% RH for 14 days. The results showed that ‘Tiba’ cultivar had higher firmness than ‘Kurage’ cultivar. Cucumbers coated with almond oil had the least weight loss in comparison with other coating materials, but the differences between two cultivars were not significant. The highest color difference was belonged to the paper bag treatment which had the significant difference with control and the other coating treatments. Cucumbers placed in paper bag resulted in the highest greenness value. In conclusion, both thorny cucumber cultivars covered with coating materials showed the best appearance and luster shape which was related to the effects of edible coatings on reducing water loss, chlorophyll degradation and softening.

Effect of host plant on cornucopia of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their triumphant management in context of climate change.

A study was performed to assess the preference of fourteen mango cultivars for fruit flies and their management by bagging. So the choice of Tephritid flies to mango cultivars during fruiting phase is crucial. Fourteen different cultivars of mango viz., ‘Dusehri’, ‘Malda’, ‘Langra’ early cultivars, ‘Chaunsa’, ‘Fajri Klan’, ‘Sensation’ medium whereas ‘Sanglakhi’, ‘Retaul-12’, ‘Mehmood Khan’, ‘Tukhmi’, ‘Kala Chaunsa’, ‘Chitta Chaunsa’, ‘Dai Wala’ and ‘Sobey De Ting’ late cultivars were assessed for their suitability for fruit flies. The results indicate that the population density of fruit flies was higher on late cultivars like ‘Sanglakhi’ (20.61 percent), ‘Mehmood Khan’ (20.22 percent) and ‘Reutal-12’ (19.92 percent) were proved to be highly susceptible to fruit flies. Among these the cultivar ‘Reutal-12’ was selected being commercial and future cultivar for the management of fruit flies through bagging. The results reported that the attack of tephritid fruit flies and other insect pests were zero in bagged fruits as compared with control. It was further recorded that the bagged fruits has maximum average fruit weight i.e. 203.50 and 197.83 g per fruit was noted in those treatments where butter paper bag and brown paper bag was wrapped with better coloration as compared with un-bagged fruit with 159.5 g per fruit. Similarly, on an average fruit length were more i.e. 90.17, 91.33 mm in bagged fruit and 85.33 in un-bagged fruits. Furthermore, bagged fruits have zero incidence of disease with reduced fruit crack, fruit sunburn, mechanical damage, bird damage, fruit blemished and agrochemical residues on the fruit. So, it is concluded that the special attention should be given on ‘Reutal-12’ for the management of fruit flies when devising an IPM program for the control of fruit flies. Further, bagging has proved to be the good agricultural practices for the production of quality mango.

Hyperventilation syndrome

The image of a patient breathing into a brown paper bag is a quite familiar one in popular culture. Although this is not recommended, it has been used by some patients to relieve the symptoms of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation syndrome (sometimes known as ‘dysfunctional breathing’) is defined as chronic or intermittent episodes of hyperventilation with associated somatic symptoms. There are many possible symptoms, but they generally include anxiety, paraesthesia and a further sensation of breathlessness. It should be a diagnosis of exclusion, as other conditions causing similar symptoms can be life-threatening.

Claudette Colvin & I take the bus, and: Heaux Creed

Claudette Colvin & I take the bus, and: Heaux Creed Honora Ankong Claudette Colvin & I take the bus What radicalized you? She asks & I look up from my worn-out copy of the bluest eye. It is early fall in Blacksburg & the marigolds are still in bloom. We speed past plantation rd. what didn't? even her stares know me I wanted to birth a revolution but they wouldn't let me. I was young too dark already pregnant with child. They said it wasn't a good look. I want to tell her everything—how I got off the waitlist my black blasphemy mouth calling to a god I wasn't even sure existed. I wanted to write poems & they offered money but when I grew mad with anger and poemed all my black rage they clapped & said but it sings so beautifully. At the next stop, she moves to sit even closer to me us colored folks were never allowed to try on the merchandise at the stores, mama would use a brown paper bag trace & cut out our foot outlines when it was time for new shoes. Too often I've been the only Black person in the room & too often I have felt invisible, I tell her. Like the day my white professor insisted to say nigger as we read Countee Cullen. I resisted but she insisted & the department did nothing. Harriet & Sojourner was in the bus with me that day we were learning bout them in school & my mind was filled with so many things black. They held me down, one on each side. I couldn't move, I wouldn't move. Pointing at my book us black girls only as ugly as the hate reflected on us. Staring out the bus at the sap-green trees zooming past us, I ask her how we escape this place. We don't run— we walk away with the daylight. [End Page 93] Heaux Creed In the name of my freest self—In the name of a slow whine at the club on a nigga I just met & have no intention of sexing.In the name of his liquored breath against my neckIn the name of it's packed & sweltering hot in here & I'm sweating out my edges & the next bitch that step on me gone catch these hands.In the name of 1 dollar fake-gold bamboo earrings from the beauty supplyIn the name of loose morals & my third tequila soda & I'm drunk & confessing my everlasting love to the gxrl I just met in the bathroom.In the name of ratchet intellectualism,In the name of Toni Morrison braless at a disco in '74 & some of my best poems were written on a napkin at the bar counter, something about the fellowship of being amongst kin.In the name of all that I consider to be gospel— [End Page 94] In the name of Khia's "Don't Trust No Niggaz," me & the homegxrls driving home after the party & it's bout 3:30am & we shouting out lyrics like spells:In the name of "everything is everything" & bag lady, you gone hurt yourselfIn the name of we got a lot to be mad about & didn't they tell you that I was savage? Giggling down the dorm hallway & fumbling the keys & everytime I get drunk I text an ex.In the name of my friend who grabs my phone before I get a chanceIn the name of the sankofa tattoo on her nape she looks me soft in the eyes & whispers, this time next year we'll be living so good, I swear & I dream—In the name of that one picture of Nina Simone & Miriam Makeba sharing a kiss & a cigIn the name of poem for a woman whose voice I like & homage to my hips & hull & hoodwitch, gumbo yaya & build yourself a boat, salt body shimmer & the black maria, magical negro & how to carry water.In the name of all that we name ourselves: hoe, hoochie, thot, trick, gawd. asé asé asé [End Page 95] Copyright © 2021 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents

Impact of pre-harvest fruit bagging on fruit yield and biochemical properties of pomegranate cv. Phule Bhagwa super

Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of pre-harvest fruit bagging on fruit weight, fruit yield and biochemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Phule Bhagwa Super during 2019-2020 in Randomized Block Design with six treatments replicated four times. The bagging treatments were Butter paper bag (T1), Brown paper bag (T2), Parchment bag (T3), English newspaper bag (60 gsm) (T4), Marathi newspaper bag (35 gsm) (T5) and Control (without bagging) (T6). Pomegranate fruits were covered with bags 30 days after fruit set. Bagging treatments influenced the yield and biochemical parameter of the pomegranate fruit. The highest fruit weight and fruit yield per plant was recorded by the bagging treatment Parchment bag (T3) which was 316.44 g and 25.68 kg plant-1, respectively. In general decreasing trend for values of biochemical characters was observed. Maximum TSS, total sugars, non-reducing sugars and reducing sugars whereas lowest acidity was recorded in control (T6) i.e. unbagged fruits. Among the bagging treatment, the bagging treatment Parchment bag (T3) recorded maximum values for TSS, total sugars, non-reducing sugars and reducing sugars and lowest for acidity.