Broomrape Races Research Articles

Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) damage in different hybrids of Helianthus annuus

Aim. To study the racial composition of broomrape in sunflower crops in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of Ukraine. Methods. Sunflower hybrids were evaluated for resistance to broomrape in soil culture using a modified method and the roll method of seed germination. Results. The results of the study revealed a different reaction of sunflower hybrids to the parasite. Sunflower hybrids Arizona, Transol, Bosphorus, resistant to race F, were moderately affected by broomrape. On average, there were 5 to 6 nodules of the parasite per sunflower plant. Sunflower hybrids Estrada, Kupava, Kadiks, Laskala, resistant to race G, were affected to a weak extent by broomrape. On average, there were 2-3 nodules of the parasite per sunflower plant. No sunflower hybrids with complete immunity to broomrape were found. Based on the research, the reasons for the widespread spread of broomrape in the fields in the central, northern and western regions of the country were identified. Conclusions. The emergence of new very aggressive races of broomrape (E, F and G) indicates an important need to solve the problem of creating breeding material resistant to new races of this parasitic plant. The intensive accumulation of the parasite races E, F and G in sunflower crops is associated with the violation of crop rotations and saturation of fields with hybrids of this crop, which are mainly resistant to races 5 (E) and 6 (F) of the parasite.

Крупноплодный заразихоустойчивый сорт подсолнечника кондитерского типа Казак

A sunflower variety of confectionary type was developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2019–2023. The purpose of the work was to develop lager-seeded forms of sunflower resistant to the exiting virulent broomrape race G. The research was conducted both on infected plots in field and in greenhouses and artificial climate chambers. A line RG was a donor of a resistance gen to the broomrape race G. The large-seeded sunflower variety SPK plus was a recipient. Consequent usage a complex of some methods: hybridization, back crossing, group repollination of resistant biotypes, allowed developing a population of large-seeded sunflower resistant to the broomrape race G (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). This variety is middle maturing. A growing season is 96–98 days. Seeds are large, fully formed, 1000 seeds weight at recommended plant population (30 thou-sand plants/ha) – 150–155 g. It is responsive to fertilizers, highly resistant to lodging. In zones of unstable and insufficient moistening, it is able to realize a productivity potential at the high level of agricultural techniques.

Технология первичного семеноводства крупноплодного заразихоустойчивого сорта подсолнечника Казак

In 2021–2023, the variability of economically useful traits (seed number per head, weight of 1000 seeds and oil content) in the broomrape-resistant confectionery sunflower variety Kazak was established. The purpose of the research is to study the features of methods for selecting and assessing economically useful traits of broomrape-resistant confectionery sunflower in stages of the primary seed production. A feature of the primary seed production of large-seeded sunflower varieties of the confectionery group is obtaining the required yield of qualitative seeds, indicators of weight of 1000 seeds, oil content, hull content, etc. An important element of the primary seed production of broomrape-resistant sunflower varieties is the usage of a plots infected with broomrape race G for the selection of resistant biotypes. To characterize the variability of traits, the following statistical indicators were used: average, maximum and minimum values of the trait; the range of variability and the coefficient of variation were determined. It was established that when selecting individual plants of the seed-growing elite of the variety Kazak, the average value of the seed weight per a head was 209 g with fluctuations from 126 to 224 g. The average oil content in seeds reached 42.1% with fluctuations from 39.4% to 46.0%. The average weight of 1000 seeds was at the level of 160 g with fluctuations from 140 to 204. The conditions of the year influenced the degree of manifestation of the studied traits. The work done to cull undesirable biotypes among the seedgrowing elite led to the formation of a population of the broomrape-resistant variety Kazak, which was significantly improved in the process of the primary seed production compared to the initial value by weight of 1000 seeds – by 8.1%.

A cluster of putative resistance genes is associated with a dominant resistance to sunflower broomrape.

The HaOr5 resistance gene is located in a large genomic insertion containing putative resistance genes and provides resistance to O. cumana, preventing successful connection to the sunflower root vascular system. Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) is a parasitic plant that is part of the Orobanchaceae family and specifically infests sunflower crops. This weed is an obligate parasitic plant that does not carry out photosynthetic activity or develop roots and is fully dependent on its host for its development. It produces thousands of dust-like seeds per plant. It possesses a high spreading ability and has been shown to quickly overcome resistance genes successively introduced by selection in cultivated sunflower varieties. The first part of its life cycle occurs underground. The connection to the sunflower vascular system is essential for parasitic plant survival and development. The HaOr5 gene provides resistance to sunflower broomrape race E by preventing the connection of O. cumana to the root vascular system. We mapped a single position of the HaOr5 gene by quantitative trait locus mapping using two segregating populations. The same location of the HaOr5 gene was identified by genome-wide association. Using a large population of thousands of F2 plants, we restricted the location of the HaOr5 gene to a genomic region of 193kb. By sequencing the whole genome of the resistant line harboring the major resistance gene HaOr5, we identified a large insertion of a complex genomic region containing a cluster of putative resistance genes.

A novel sunflower broomrape race with unusual virulence potentially caused by a mutation.

The sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) gene pools of the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province in Spain had predominantly race-F virulence. A new race G was observed recently in the Guadalquivir Valley potentially due to the genetic recombination of the avirulence genes of both gene pools. In this research, we have studied populations with atypical virulence from Cuenca. These populations parasitize on DEB2 sunflower line, resistant to all race-G populations evaluated. Ten populations collected in Cuenca province were evaluated with sunflower differential lines and genotyped with 67 SNP markers. Although genetic recombination with individuals of the Guadalquivir Valley gene pool has been observed in most populations, recombination of avirulence genes was discarded as the cause of the new virulence because the population with the highest degree of attack on DEB2 showed no introgression from an external gene pool. Accordingly, a point mutation is proposed as the putative cause of the new virulence. The present study provided a detailed characterization of each population, including the accurate classification of the individuals belonging to each of the classical Spanish gene pools, F1 hybrids, and those that evolved from hybridization between both gene pools. This information is essential to understand how sunflower broomrape populations are evolving in Spain, which in turn may be helpful to understand the dynamics of sunflower broomrape populations in other areas of the world and use this information to develop durable strategies for resistance breeding.

ВАЛИДАЦИЯ ДНК-МАРКЕРА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА К РАСЕ G ЗАРАЗИХИ НА МАЛЫХ ВЫБОРКАХ

The genotypic and phenotypic segregation of 57 plants of a progeny of two heterozygous F1 sunflower hybrids was analyzed (by DNA-marker) by a trait of resistance to a broomrape race G. The observed segregation by a genotype corresponded reliably to the theoretically expected ones in monohybrid crosses due to models 3:1 and 1:2:1. The segregation by a phenotype corresponded completely to the segregation by a marker of a model 3:1. A developed marker allows selecting by a trait of sunflower resistance to the broomrape race G.

Влияние норм расхода гербицида Гермес на продуктивность сорта подсолнечника Аладдин

The application of herbicides of ALS-inhibiting type based on imazapir and imazamox allowed getting rid the weeds, including hard-to-remove ones, and controlling spreading of the new more virulent races of broomrape O. cumana. Thus, herbicide resistant varieties will be more high-yielding. In 2021–2022, action of increased rates of an after-seedling herbicide Germes, OD (by Schyolkovo Agrochim) – 1.0, 1.3, and 1.5 l/ha on the productivity of a new sunflower variety Aladdin being resistant to herbicides of imidazolinone group was studied in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The treatment of sunflower plants of the Aladdin variety with the different doses of the herbicide Germes, OD did not cause any significant differences in morphological traits, a duration of a vegetative period, seed yield, and oil content. There was no negative impact of the increased doses of the herbicide on the sunflower plants growth and development.

Разработка ДНК-маркеров признака устойчивости подсолнечника к расе G заразихи (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is an obligatory parasite which is able to decrease significantly sunflower yields. The race G is the most spread and virulence broomrape race in the Russian Federation. Cultivation of genetically resistance sunflower varieties and hybrids is the most ecologic and economically efficient method to control this parasite plant. Usage of DNA-markers when selecting the resistant plants increases significantly the effectiveness of a breeding process. To mark the sunflower resistance to broomrape race G, using bioinformative approaches, we developed new DNA-markers: four SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and ten SSR (simple sequence repeat). These markers were tested on 20 lines and hybrids of sunflower. Due to the results of this testing, all SSR- and two SCAR-markers were eliminated by steps. SCAR-marker RORS1 was characterized with the presence of an amplified DNA fragment with a length ≈ 168 bps and showed association with a trait of resistance, and SORS1 with a fragment length ≈ 322 bps had a relation with a sus-ceptible phenotype. These markers composed a marker system for a multiplex PCR, which allowed distinguishing resistant and susceptible lines and hybrids, except a line VK678 and F1 hybrids developed using this line as parental one. To eliminate faults of the marker system, seven SCAR-markers analogous to SORS1 were created. Due to estimation result, we selected a marker SORS9 characterized with the presence an amplified DNA fragment with a length ≈ 217 bps in susceptible phenotypes. The new system of markers RORS1/SORS9 for a multiplex PCR was validated on 70 sunflower lines and hybrids. The susceptible lines and hybrids were characterized with amplification of only marker SORS9, resistant lines – only marker RORS1, and resistant hybrids – both markers. The developed marker system allowed distinguishing all susceptible lines and hybrids from the resistant sunflower genotypes.

Сравнительная эффективность действия гербицидов имидазолиноновой и сульфонилмочевинной группы на заразиху при селекции крупноплодных сортов подсолнечника

Annually, confectionary sunflower varieties occupy from 300 to 500 thousand hectares in the Russian Federation. The varieties developed last years (Karavan, Konditer, SPK Plus) are able to form high yields of seeds in the heavy agroclimatic conditions. At the same time, spreading of the new more virulent races of broomrape causes the significant decrease in yield of confectionary varieties. One of the effective methods of broomrape control is chemical one. The experiment was conducted on isolated plot in field after introducing the seeds of the virulent broomrape races in soil. Treatment with herbicides in recommended doses was conducted using backpack sprayer. The level of broomrape control with imidazolinons is significant and equitable to action of a gen of broomrape resistance Or7 by both percentage and a level of infection. Tribenuron-methyl repressed a level of infection under high infestation with broomrape in the studied confectionary sunflower varieties.

История, состояние и пути развития саратовской селекции подсолнечника (обзор)

The article presents information on the results of long-term effective work in the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region on sunflower breeding in the Saratov region. The main task facing breeders was to develop productive, precocious sunflower varieties resistant to local races of broomrape and sunflower moth. An invaluable contribution to the development of sunflower breeding was made by outstanding Russian breeders Plachek E.M., Zhdanov L.A., Morozov V.K., Pustovoit V.S., Pimakhin V.F., and others. They bred new highly productive sunflower varieties, being the main source for the production of edible oil that are widely distributed in the Volga region, Central Black Earth regions, Siberia and the Urals. For the first time, Saratov scientists conducted research in the field of heterosis breeding. They formed a large working collection of sunflowers, a genetic collection of marker traits, identified promising forms for subsequent stages of the breeding process, and developed a variety of initial material in the conditions of Saratov. The main focus is on developing almost isogenic lines, studying the genetic control of marker traits, determining the effects of the influence of genes on economically useful traits. Studies on the private genetics of sunflower have been carried out. Based on experimental data, ornamental sunflower varieties with flowers of various colors – Oreol, Raduga, and Solnechny salut were developed. For 2022, the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation includes the following varieties bred in the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region: Saratov 82, Saratov 85, Skoropely, Skoropely 87, Stepnoy 81, Lyubim-chik, Saratov 20, Slastena and hybrids: Agrotex, Continent, Yubileyny 75, Everest, YuVS 2, YuVS 3, YuVS 4, YuVS 5, YuVS 7.

Новый скороспелый сорт подсолнечника Кремень

Kremen is a new very early maturing sunflower varie-ty of oil type. It was developed in the laboratory of Sunflower variety breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2015–2021 as a result of multiple individual selection from the best families of a variety-population SUR by productivity, morphotype, tolerance to broomrape races (A–F), high field resistance to dry rot, and toler-ance to phomopsis. The new variety is differed from the standard variety VNIIMK 100 with its increased productivity (seed yield – by 14%, oil yield – by 16%) and improved morphometric traits. The period from seedling appearance to physiological maturity of 81 days is equal to the same of the standard variety. The plant height of the new variety is 145–155 cm. The weight of 1000 seeds is within 55 g at the plant popu-lation of 40 thousand seeds per ha. The sunflower variety Kremen from 2021 is under the state variety trial in the Central Chernozrn (5), Northern Caucasus (6), Middle Volga (7), Low Volga (8), Ural (9), and Western Siberian (10) regions.

Peculiarities of the sunflower breeding for resistance to broomrape (orobanche cumana wallr.)

Purpose and Objectives. Our purpose was to find available information on the sunflower breeding for resistance to the broomrape. To achieve this purpose, we solved following tasks: to review publications covering the history and current state of research into the subject; find out the specifics of such studies; and to highlight the main unresolved issues for the organization of further work.
 Materials and Methods. Publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists became the material for the study: articles in journals and conference abstracts.
 Results and Discussion. In the article, publications covering domestic and foreign studies of the peculiarities of sunflower breeding for resistance to the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. are collected and reviewed. The changes in the race composition of the parasite since the beginning of the 19th century, which have accelerated in recent years, are described. Experiments and breeding for resistance to the broomrape began in 1909-1913, when there was only one (the first) broomrape race A. Currently, the existence of the seventh race (G) and the broomrape biotypes affecting race G-resistant sunflower accessions has been recognized in the world. During the last 20 years, the appearance of new broomrape races was observed in the countries where sunflowers are grown with violations of crop rotation requirements.
 Marking resistance genes of domestic plants and determining the molecular polymorphism of both host and parasitic plants are important problems of genetics, solving of which is aimed at the improvement of sunflowers in terms of resistance to the broomrape. The identification of genes of resistance to the broomrape and the development of methods for their marking are discussed. Studies in the genetics of resistance to O. cumana are limited by few relevant molecular markers. Scientists announced that they had onstructed a molecular genetic map of linkage groups with the Or7 gene of resistance to race G. Genetic studies of the broomrape as a plant are mainly focused on the structure and genetic diversity of parasite populations. The broomrape aggressiveness depends on weather and climate, so an increase in temperatures and lack of precipitation can lead to the broomrape spread over large areas. Scientists adapt the phytotron test for resistance to the broomrape to modern equipment, developing certain methodological subtleties. In addition, new methods of evaluation are developed: histological and molecular genetic assessments
 Conclusions. The sunflower broomrape is one of the main biotic factors that harm the crop fields. The peculiarity of the breeding for resistance is associated with continuous formation of new races of the parasite. Studies by scientists from different countries on the formation of new physiological races of the broomrape indicate the annually growing threat from the parasite, the need for constant monitoring of broomrape populations and the continuous development of research in this direction. Several genes of resistance to the broomrape have been identified; methods of their marking have been developed; this ensures success in improving the existing and developing new progressive approaches in the sunflower breeding for resistance to the parasite. The specificity of control of resistance to the broomrape, which is determined by genetic factors, was established. Thus, genetic methods are the best ones to fight against the broomrape. However, inheritance patterns of resistance to new, virulent, widespread in Ukraine broomrape races are not described in the literature, though it is important for the creation of commercial hybrids. The relationships between resistance to new virulent broomrape races, which are common in Ukraine, and valuable economic characteristics in F1 hybrids should be also studied. Taking into account the recent climatic changes, in particular a rise in air temperatures and consequences of this global process, one can predict an increase in the intensity of damage to sunflowers by the parasite, which prompts breeders of the crop to combine resistance to adverse abiotic factors and resistance to the broomrape

К морфофизиологической коэволюции заразихи (Orobanche cumana) и подсолнечника

The accelerated morphofunctional variability of Orobanche cumana, a flowering parasitic plant of the family Orobanchaceae, can be traced to the influence of anthropogenic factors. This broomrape species is an obligate parasite of sunflower. Continuous breeding of the crop for immunity to broomrape has been conducted in the Russian Federation for more than 100 years. In the last 30 years, the accelerated return of sunflower in crop rotation to the previous field in 1-3 years (instead of the scientifically justified 8–10 years) resulted in the rapid emergence of new races of broomrape and contamination of fields with its seeds, which provided intense competition between individuals for the nutrition received from the host plant. Under these conditions, interrow cultivation in sunflower sowings infested by the broomrape contributed to permanent injury of developing stems of many individuals of the parasite, which led to the removal of apical dominance of one shoot in some species of the broomrape. There have appeared the bushy forms with equal development of many shoots from a tubercle, which were detected for the first time by us. Strengthening of the haustorial part of the parasitic plant, externally manifested as thickening of the host plant root under the tubercle, was required for feeding the multiple shoots. Such thickening is not a defensive reaction of the host plant but is caused by changes in the haustorial area of the parasite and is observed when sunflower roots are affected by species of the race G of O. cumana that became widely spread and dominant during the last decade. Thus, in the co-evolution of the parasitic plant and its host, we first discovered bushy forms of O. cumana and their characteristic change in the haustorial zone, which is externally manifested by the visible thickening of the sunflower root in this area.

Наследование устойчивости к расе G Orobanche cumana Wallr. в F2 и ВС1 у линии подсолнечника RGM

One of the most harmful biotic factors influencing the stability of sunflower yields is a parasite weed – broomrape (Orobanche Cumana Wallr.). Among the different measures of this parasite control, the usage of genetic resistance is the most ecologic. Lines of the different origin resistant to a race G were developed in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. However, inheritance of a trait of resistance was not studied in all lines. Thus, the purpose of this work was studying the genetic control of resistance to a broomrape race G in a line RGM in F2 and BC1. To analyze inheritance, we used the line RGM resistant to the broomrape race G and susceptible to this race the sterile and fertile forms of a line VK 680 of VNIIMK breeding. Resistance of plants in F2 and BC1 was tested in protected ground infected with seeds of a broomrape race G using a method of earlier diagnosis by A.Ya. Panchenko. Reciprocal crosses of the line RGM and susceptible sunflower lines resulted that all obtained hybrids F1 had low middle level of broom-rape infestation. When crossing heterozygous plants F1 and a susceptible parental form of sunflower in BC1 two phenotypes were obtained: susceptible and incomplete resistant (intermediate) in the ratio of 1 : 1. This is typical for monogenic inheritance of a trait. A value x2 was equal 1.38 that certifies the hypothesis the only gen controls resistance of this line with a probability from 0.20 to 0.30. In F2 population splitting for three phenotypical classes was observed: resistant, intermediate, and susceptible in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. A value x2 was equal 0.58 that certifies the hypothesis the only gen controls resistance of the studied line with an incomplete dominance with a probability from 0.20 to 0.30.

Wild Helianthus species: A reservoir of resistance genes for sustainable pyramidal resistance to broomrape in sunflower.

Orobanche cumana Wall., sunflower broomrape, is one of the major pests for the sunflower crop. Breeding for resistant varieties in sunflower has been the most efficient method to control this parasitic weed. However, more virulent broomrape populations continuously emerge by overcoming genetic resistance. It is thus essential to identify new broomrape resistances acting at various stages of the interaction and combine them to improve resistance durability. In this study, 71 wild sunflowers and wild relatives accessions from 16 Helianthus species were screened in pots for their resistance to broomrape at the late emergence stage. From this initial screen, 18 accessions from 9 species showing resistance, were phenotyped at early stages of the interaction: the induction of broomrape seed germination by sunflower root exudates, the attachment to the host root and the development of tubercles in rhizotron assays. We showed that wild Helianthus accessions are an important source of resistance to the most virulent broomrape races, affecting various stages of the interaction: the inability to induce broomrape seed germination, the development of incompatible attachments or necrotic tubercles, and the arrest of emerged structure growth. Cytological studies of incompatible attachments showed that several cellular mechanisms were shared among resistant Helianthus species.

Молекулярно-генетическое разнообразие коллекции 14 линий – доноров устойчивости подсолнечника к расе G заразихи на основе изоферментных и SSR-локусов

Sunflower is main oil crop in the Russian Federation. One of the general factors decreasing its yields is broomrape. The most effective method to protect the crops is breeding of resistant forms of sunflower. The purpose of this work is to genotype and to analyze basing on isoenzymes and SSR-loci the molecular-genetic diversity of the collection of lines – donors of resistance to broomrape race G bred at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. An object of the research was 14 lines of the different origin – donors of the resistance to this broomrape race: 2RGB, 2RGNV, 2RGA, 2RGN, 2RGS, RGL1, RGL2, RGP1, RGP2, RGB, RGN, RGM, RGA, and RG. DNA was isolated by STAB-method from the cotyledons of seven-day etiolated sunflower seedlings. Genotyping was conducted using 15 microsatellite loci and four isoenzymes systems. The indicators of a discrim-inating potential of used 15 microsatellite loci were calculated by the standard formulas. Cluster analysis was done by Ward-method in a program Statisticа 6.0. There were identified 14 lines-donors. The collection was analyzed by the isoenzymes and microsatellite loci; the unicity is 64% and 100%, respectively. The discriminating potential of a system of DNA-markers is average. Due to cluster analysis, all lines were divided into two groups. The maximal distance between the lines was 7.4. In spite of the studied lines have a common trait – resistance to the broomrape race G, their molecular traits distinguished. According to the different genetic background, these lines can be used as a source of the additional diversity when in-volving into the breeding of sunflower resistant to broomrape race G.

Racial status of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in some countries other the world

Abstract The study represents a review of the evolution of the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. and current racial status in some sunflower cultivating countries. Identification of racial status of broomrape populations belonging to eight sunflower cultivating countries from Europe and Asia (Republic of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Spain, Turkey, Serbia and China) revealed the presence of high virulent races G and H in the majority of countries, except Serbia, where accessions belonging to race E or less virulent than E were found. The most virulent race H was identified particularly in the Black Sea area (Romania, Ukraine and Turkey). Additionally, the emergence of new biotypes characterized by high virulence, overcoming the resistance genes to race H was observed in some areas of the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Turkey, which signifies the importance of periodic evaluations of racial status for the prevention of occurrence and dissemination of new races. Analyzing the occurrence chronology of broomrape races in different countries we conclude that by the mid-1990s, the state of play was relatively stable, the most aggressive race being E. After this period the process of O. cumana development and appearance of new more aggressive and virulent biotypes became faster, which may be explained by the intensification of sunflower breeding activities and, respectively by the selection pressure exerted on the parasite by new resistant hybrids.

Racial diversity of broomrape (orobanche cumana Wallr.) in the world

Orobanche cumana Wallr. – a root parasitic weed that causes immense damage to sunflower crop, is a polymorphic species characterized by the existence of a series of biotypes, called physiological races, which differ depending on their ability to parasitize a certain genotype of host plant. The co-evolution host-parasite, as a result of specific gene-for-gene interactions, and the pressure on the broomrape by the continuous introduction of resistant sunflower hybrids favors the periodic emergence of new races of the parasite, which overcome existing resistance genes. This paper gives an overview on the chronology of the evolution of broomrape races in different countries of the world and presents some current analyses on the racial status of O. cumana in a number of sunflower-growing countries, such as China, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, Spain, Ukraine and Romania.

QTL MAPPING OF BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) RESISTANCE IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) USING GBS-SNPS

Broomrape is one of the most important biotic stresses causing serious yield reductions in sunflower. Control of this parasitic plant is difficult and physical and chemical strategies are usually insufficient. Therefore, introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower is a key breeding goal. Breeding efforts on broomrape resistance have been conducted for decades, however, new broomrape races, such as race F, have emerged and rapidly evolved to be more aggressive and devastating. Although a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for race F resistance, none of these loci are suitable for marker assisted selection because of their small phenotypic effects. In the present study, three major QTLs for broomrape race F resistance were identified on LG7, LG11 and LG12 using a high density SNP map constructed with the genotyping by sequencing approach in an intraspecific F2 population. The population consisted of 300 individuals derived from a cross between susceptible Helianthus annuus cv. RHA 436 as the recipient parent and resistant H. annuus cv. H08 M1 as the donor parent. Breeder-friendly SNP-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for the QTLs. The QTLs and CAPS markers identified in this study will be valuable molecular genetic tools for sunflower breeding.

Отбор на устойчивость к заразихе расы G из популяции кондитерского подсолнечника

The purpose of the work was to develop forms of confectionary sunflower resistant to broomrape race G on artificial infection background both in fields and greenhouses and artificial climate chambers. The researches were conducted in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia, in 2019–2021. A line RG (Or7) was used as a donor of gen of resistance to broomrape race G. The confectionary sunflower variety SPK plus was a recipient. Using methods of hybridization, back-crosses and group interpollination, on severe infection background, a sunflower population resistant to the aggressive broomrape race was develop for the further breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties. These methods allowed increasing resistance step-by-step while maintaining high polymorphism that makes it possible to continue breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties for the further rise of productivity.