Bronchial Atresia Research Articles

Computed tomography in bronchial atresia: A. M. Cohen, E. H. Solomon, and R. J. Alfidi. Am J Roentgenol 135:1097–1099, (November), 1980

Computed tomography in bronchial atresia: A. M. Cohen, E. H. Solomon, and R. J. Alfidi. Am J Roentgenol 135:1097–1099, (November), 1980

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung with bronchial atresia

A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung associated with bronchial atresia is described that occurred in a stillborn fetus delivered at 26 weeks' gestation. The malformation was confined to a single pulmonary segment and the segmental bronchus was atretic. Postmortem bronchography facilitated identification of the atretic bronchus, and this procedure is recommended in appropriate cases. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed.

The natural history of bronchial atresia Serial observations of a case from birth to operative correction

A 10-year-old child presented with a history of intermittent respiratory symptoms since birth. Progressive shift of the mediastinum away from a hyperexpanded left upper lobe to the right side was evident on serial chest films, since birth. Bronchograms demonstrated atresia of the bronchus to the hyperexpanded segment. Xenon washout demonstrated prolonged half-time in the left upper lobe resulting from collateral ventilatory channels. Resection of the apical posterior segment of the left upper lobe was performed without complication. Bronchial atresia with collateral ventilation caused "lobar emphysema" in this patient.

Bronchial atresia: A recognizable entity in the pediatric age group

Bronchial atresia, a congenital lesion that develops after the 16th wk of fetal life, may be more common than previously believed, and this probably explains some cases of so-called congenital lobar emphysema. It may produce symptoms of pulmonary infection, wheezing, and respiratory distress severe enough to justify elective resection of that part of the lung distal to the atresia. The roentgenographic features that make this a recognizable entity are the following: (1) There is localized hyperinflation of lung in a segmental or lobar distribution, with a circular or oval parahilar radiodensity. Bronchography will demonstrate that there is no filling of the bronchus supplying this part of the lung. (2) The occasional neonate with this condition may present with an intrathoracic mass suggesting retained fetal lung fluid in lobar distribution. Bronchography will demonstrate that there is no filling of the bronchus to that part of the lung. (3) A plug of desquamated tissue and mucus in the cyst-like bronchus just distal to the point of atresia appears to be an unvarying component of the syndrome. It most commonly presents as a round or oval density, but in some cases it may be shaped like a rod or tree and rarely contains an air-fluid level.

Mucoid Impaction of a Bronchus

Common Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) Asthma, other allergic states Uncommon Bronchial adenoma Bronchial atresia Bronchogenic carcinoma Bronchogenic cyst Idiopathic mucoid impaction Diagnosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Comment The posteroanterior chest roentgenogram of a 19-year-old asthmatic woman shows a poorly defined homogenous density in the left infrahilar region and linear (toothpaste) shadows extending upward and laterally from the left superior hilar region (Fig 1). A bronchogram shows marked dilation of the central bronchi in both the upper and lower lobes, with a relatively normal appearance peripherally (Fig 2). The homogenous densities demonstrated on the chest roentgenogram conform to the areas of dilated central bronchi and are the result of plugging of these bronchi by retained mucus secretions. Mucoid impaction of a bronchus may result from a number of causes. The impaction is proximal and extends into second-, third-, and fourthorder bronchi, which are filled with

Bronchial Atresia

Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital anomaly usually producing an extrahilar mass and associated distal hyperinflation on chest roentgenogram. Bronchography reveals nonfilling of the atretic bronchus and displacement of neighboring normal bronchi. Characteristically, the patient is young and asymptomatic but has an abnormal chest roentgenogram. The only physical finding may be decreased breath sounds over the affected parenchyma. Treatment is surgical excision to prevent recurrent or persistent infection and encroachment on normal tissues by the hyperinflated lung. A case report and a review of 34 patients are presented.

Congenital Bronchial Atresia Report of two cases

Congenital Bronchial Atresia Report of two cases

Congenital avalvular pulmonary artery and infantile lobar emphysema. A diagnostic correlation.

Some cardiovascular lesions may result in tracheobronchial obstruction and many of these will commonly be associated with infantile lobar emphysema (ILE). By contrast a relatively smaller percentage of cases of ILE results from vascular compression. We offer a new term, "congenital avalvular pulmonary artery (CAPA)," to describe the complex of the absent pulmonary valve and the concomitant marked pulmonary artery dilatation because CAPA is more descriptively inclusive of the abnormality of the artery beyond the valve. The diagnostic correlation of CAPA and ILE is of considerable importance since the initial presentation of CAPA is usually as ILE and the recognition of a triangular or rounded hilar density should raise suspicion for CAPA even before clinical signs become evident. Differential diagnosis must include other causes of ILE including infantile lobar emphysema with bronchial atresia.

Congenital lung malformations: A unified concept and a case report

A left upper lobectomy in a 5-month-old infant revealed a specimen whose tissue, both grossly and microscopically, was characteristic of intr- and extrapulmonary swquestration, bronchial atresia, and adenomatoid cystic malformation. This case may be considered the missing link between the various congenital lung malformations, for it illustrates their interrelationship or their common origin. Atresia or malformation of the main bronchus seems to be the defect shared by all these anomalies. A similar bronchial abnormality probably is responsible for congenital lobar emphysema and isolated congenital lung cysts.

Bronchial Atresia

Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital abnormality which is usually discovered in a routine chest roentgenogram of an asymptomatic individual. The usual pathological process is atresia of a segmental bronchus which creates a blind dilated bronchus containing a mucocele and localized emphysema of the distal segments of the lung. These changes produce the virtually diagnostic finding of a localized radiolucent area of emphysema with an adjacent perihilar shadow, i.e., the mucocele. The etiology is unknown but may be a process similar to some forms of congenital infantile lobar emphysema. In this report 3 patients are examined and a review of prior reported cases is discussed.

Segmental bronchial atresia of the left upper lobe with resultant bronchial mucocele

Segmental bronchial atresia of the left upper lobe with resultant bronchial mucocele

Bronchial atresia with corresponding segmental pulmonary emphysema: L. K. Lacquet, M. Fornhoff, R. Dierickx, and N. Buyssens. Thorax 26:68–73 (January), 1971

Bronchial atresia with corresponding segmental pulmonary emphysema: L. K. Lacquet, M. Fornhoff, R. Dierickx, and N. Buyssens. Thorax 26:68–73 (January), 1971

Bronchial atresia with corresponding segmental pulmonary emphysema.

This paper presents a 13-year-old boy suffering from congenital bronchial atresia of the anterior and apicoposterior segments of the left upper lobe with corresponding emphysema, and emphysema with bronchial atresia in the anterobasal segment of the left lower lobe. The aetiology of congenital localized emphysema is not always clear. In the group with a demonstrable check-valve mechanism, which permits air to enter but not to leave the lung, there is either internal stenosis or external compression of the bronchus. The condition is called idiopathic if no cause can be identified, but in some of these cases microscopical examination has disclosed alveolar fibrosis which prevents the rigid alveoli from collapsing on expiration. In these cases the check-valve mechanism exists at an alveolar level. In the small group of rare cases of bronchial atresia, air which enters through a collateral ventilation cannot be expired by the same route, and in these cases there is likewise a check-valve mechanism at an alveolar level; this is associated with the occurrence of localized emphysema, characterized by the presence of normal bronchial ramifications which arise from a bronchial sac with a blind proximal ending. The bronchial atresia is believed to occur after the 15th week of intrauterine life, probably as a result of vascular insufficiency. A preoperative diagnosis is possible on the basis of a plain chest radiograph, which shows the localized emphysema as well as an abnormal hilus shadow representing the mucus-filled blind bronchial stump; the diagnosis can be established also by a bronchogram, which shows a filling defect in the affected part of the lung. Surgical treatment is indicated.

The syndrome of bronchial mucocele and regional hyperinflation of the lung.

The clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic findings in 2 children with bronchial atresia and bronchial mucocele are presented and the literature on the subject is briefly reviewed.Emphasis is placed on the derangement of regional ventilation which results in focal hyperinflation of the lung.The similarities and differences between mucoid impaction of the bronchus and bronchial mucocele are also discussed.

Bronchial Atresia of Upper Lobe of the Lung

Two cases are described with localized emphysema of the lung caused by atresia of a segmental bronchos. Bronchial atresia is a congenital disease, which evidence suggests has occurred in the proximal part of the segment after the lobe had developed its normal quota of bronchial generations. A preoperative diagnosis is made possible by: (1) a plain chest x-ray picture showing a localized hypertransradiant area with an unusual shadow near the hilum, and (2) a bronchogram demonstrating nonfilling of the affected bronchial segment. Surgical treatment is justifiable for this condition. Two cases are described with localized emphysema of the lung caused by atresia of a segmental bronchos. Bronchial atresia is a congenital disease, which evidence suggests has occurred in the proximal part of the segment after the lobe had developed its normal quota of bronchial generations. A preoperative diagnosis is made possible by: (1) a plain chest x-ray picture showing a localized hypertransradiant area with an unusual shadow near the hilum, and (2) a bronchogram demonstrating nonfilling of the affected bronchial segment. Surgical treatment is justifiable for this condition.

Congenital Lobar Emphysema with Bronchial Atresia

Congenital Lobar Emphysema with Bronchial Atresia

Respiratory bronchioles as the pathway for collateral ventilation.

Respiratory bronchioles as the pathway for collateral ventilation.

BRONCHIAL ATRESIA OF THE LEFT UPPER LOBE.

BRONCHIAL ATRESIA OF THE LEFT UPPER LOBE.