Disruption Of Relationships Research Articles

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

Aim: To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress in medical students, interns and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in common in medical students. This calls for the development of strategies, workshops, and programs to identify modifiable stressors, encourage students to reach out to their family members and their teachers to verbalize their issues, and make psychiatric consultation accessible to them. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Cross My Heart

Linked by a series of idiomatic expressions used to describe sadness, loss and love, “Cross My Heart” is a lyric essay delving into the world of journaling bad decisions and broken relationships. A deep and private self appears in diaries; intense curiosity makes resisting the off-limit contents of the confidential accounts difficult for the author. In her search for understanding her place in the life, mind and heart of another, unwanted discoveries ensue. Her father, a constant source of emotional strength and support, offers inadequate advice.

COVID-19 Employment Status, Dyadic Family Relationships, and Child Psychological Well-Being

PurposeCOVID-19 has led to soaring unemployment rates and the widespread adoption of working-from-home (WFH) arrangements that have disrupted family relationships and adolescent psychological well-being. This longitudinal study investigated how parental employment status (i.e., job loss and WFH) influenced adolescents' daily affect indirectly through family functioning (i.e., parent-adolescent conflict and parental warmth) and whether these links varied by family's socioeconomic status. MethodsDaily-diary approaches were used to collect dyadic parent-adolescent data from a nationwide American sample (6,524 daily assessments from 447 parent-adolescent dyads; 45% black, 36% white, 10% Latinx, 7% Asian American, 2% Native American) over the course of 15 consecutive days at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsParents who experienced job loss demonstrated increases in parent-child conflict, which in turn predicted decreases in child positive affect and increases in child negative affect. Furthermore, parents' WFH status predicted increases in parental warmth, which in turn predicted increases in child positive affect and decreases in child negative affect. Parents of low-income families were more likely to experience job loss (24% vs. 13%) and less likely to WFH (44% vs. 73%) than middle-high income parents. ConclusionsAdolescents from families facing economic hardship and employment shifts during COVID-19 experienced changes in parent-child relational dynamics that influenced their emotional well-being. Recognizing these shifts in family ecology is critical to health providers' ability to screen for mental health, assess existing family supports, and provide timely, targeted information about stress management and contending with family conflict.

SOCIAL WORK AS A TOOL FOR ANOMIE CORRECTION ON SECOND STAGE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL

Anomie is a sociological term that expresses the state that we can describe as a condition without law or rules. In the school environment, the condition is manifested by the failure to comply with the rules, and broken relationships between students as well as in relation to teachers and authorities in general. A state of anomie in the school environment reduces the effectiveness of the teaching process and creates an environment for the emergence of pathological phenomena that can affect the development of students and cause long-term negative consequences. In the pilot study, we selected the specific school environment that manifested the signs of anomie. Subsequently, we carried out research on the chosen environment with specific attention to the manifestations but also the perceptions of an anomic state in the school environment. We decided for our own research method, because the available methods from social sciences were developed for the needs of other target groups and are not suitable for the school environment. The study results show specific manifestations of anomie in the behavior and thinking of students and teachers. It was confirmed that teachers and poor emphasis on the validity of the existing rules have a great impact on the emergence of anomie. The tendencies to develop pathological phenomena in the anomic environment were also confirmed. The study results in the specific findings that should be part of a holistic preventive programme.

“It feels like somebody cut my legs off”: Austerity, transportation and the ‘web of dispossession’ in Saskatchewan, Canada

Mounting global evidence reveals a rise in austerity driven by neoliberalisation. We explored the health impacts of an austerity decision to shut down the Saskatchewan Transportation Company (STC) in Saskatchewan, Canada. We conducted 100 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus group discussions with former bus riders and stakeholders in health and social services followed by a member checking exercise. The STC closure has negatively affected health through a web of dispossession where the absence of the bus affects individual former users (through healthcare access, psychosocial and financial impacts), family members (through broken relationships and other burdens), communities (through shrinking commons), and entire systems (such as health services through health worker stress and inefficiencies). Analyses of the health impacts of austerity decisions need to move beyond aggregates of individual users of public services to understand the complex ways in which various communities and systems might be caught up in a web of dispossession through austerity.

The Possibility of Solidarity or Broken Relationship Between Social Relatives and Women Prisoners in Tunisia

Confronted with a body of research conducted in different contexts, the results obtained in the present study showed great similarities. Inspired by the work that analyzed the plurality of family solidarity, a set of studies focusing on prison relationships focused on the commitment of relatives to the prisoner. These different works have sought to specify the different forms of solidarity that the family brings to the detainee. Family solidarity is manifested, in a functional dimension, through material assistance and visits. In an emotional dimension, it reflects the psychological support provided by the family to the detainee relative. Beyond the material support that the immediate family provides to the inmates, emotional assistance and emotional support remain very important to ease prison constraints. The emotional closeness of families is meant to be protective. Again, this issue is under-documented, making any confrontation of the results impossible. Without specifying the emotional support of the family, family solidarity is advanced as very strong support to the prisoner during incarceration but also after release. Indeed, the question of family solidarity in the face of incarceration aroused the interest of sociological research very early on. In addition, the need to preserve family-prisoner ties is currently considered an essential means of reintegration. For many researchers, maintaining family relationships during incarceration is a very important factor in the decline in the recidivism rate. The role of the family is now considered essential to maintaining prison balance. In a gendered dimension, the results obtained also reflect less family solidarity towards women prisoners.

Word Havens: Reading One’s Way out of Trauma in Contemporary Fiction

Prompted by the attention received in recent years by the collateral benefits of reading and the growing prominence of bibliotherapy in the literary marketplace, this paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of books as they emerge from the experience of fictional characters, a perhaps less scientifically sound endeavour than empirical studies and clinical trials targeting real-life readers but one likely to occasion interesting perspectives on reading as a coping mechanism in the face of trauma. By focusing on a variety of reading experiences gleaned from a selection of novels ranging from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to William Styron’s Sophie’s Choice, Graham Swift’s Waterland, Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient, Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip and Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows’ The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and targeting acts of solitary communion with narrative as well as illicit seminars, informal book clubs and impromptu public readings, the analysis intends to highlight the extent to which literature can provide more than a mere pastime or intellectual challenge to its most vulnerable readers. Whether such benefits entail a sense of community, a temporary shelter from the hardships of war, a reprieve from the abuses of a totalitarian government or sanctuary from the less brutal but nevertheless haunting scars of broken relationships, parental disapproval or social rejection, the ultimate goal is to identify and assess the various survival strategies employed within these fictional universes. The

The Forms and Meaning of Ancient Judahite Sacrificial System: A Discussion Based on Leviticus 1-7

Sacrifices are performed in almost every human society of which ancient Israel is not exempted. Since sacrifices do not take place anywhere and anyhow, the article describes sacred places and objects in ancient Israelite society.This article looks at the forms of the sacrifices and their meaning as described in Leviticus 1-7. It helps one to understand the purposes of performing these sacrifices.This article also shows the roles of both the priest and the offerors in performing sacrifices. The article, in addition, seeks to explain the role of blood in the ancient Israelite sacrificial system.The article demonstrates that sacrifice was a means of restoring a broken relationship between YHWH and his people caused by their sins. Keywords: forms and meaning, ancient Israel, sacrificial system, Leviticus 1-7

Eat to live: A physician’s perspective on the powerful role of food in a faithful life

Desperately seeking greater health of mind, body, and spirit, communities face confusing and conflicting narratives. The Church owns an opportunity to serve as a guide, revealing the intimate linkage between physical health and spiritual health. An oft-neglected topic, food is a powerful reminder of the mercy of sustenance, but our collective broken relationship with food begs for intervention. The very food we eat has the ability to promote recovery and prevent disease. Sadly, much of the modern diet does the opposite, increasing the risk for early death and disabling believers from investment in their callings. God’s redemptive message and the fruits of modern science promote clarity as we eat to heal, eat to serve, eat to celebrate, and eat to change. The Church can invest in supporting communities as they experience God’s best through nourishing daily bread and, ultimately, through the Bread of Life.

Effectiveness of Affirmation Stress Management on The Stress level Among Caregivers of Shizophrenia Patient

<p><em>Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe disease so they need caregivers to help their daily activities. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia have experienced chronic stress in their daily lives. The effects of caregiver of Schizophrenia with high stress level are the disruption of family relationships, constraints in social, leisure and work activities, financial difficulties, and negative impact on their own physical health. Affirmation stress management one of the intervention to reduce the level stress on caregiver of patients with Schizophrenia.This study aimed to prove effect affirmation stress management on the stress level among caregivers of Schizophrenia people.This research was quasi-experimental with one group pretest-postest without control. Subjects of this study were 29 caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Subjects selection technique used purposive sampling. Measuring instruments used perceived stress scale. The technique of data analysis used correlation of paired t-test</em><em>. </em><em>The results showed that the average level of stress caregiver before the stress management action was 15.17 (SD: 6.54) and the average stress level after the action was 13.59 (5.39). Statistical test results showed that there were significant differences between the stress level values before and after the affirmative stress management intervention was given (p. Value = 0.015).</em><em> </em><em>The conclusion of this research is there was an influence of affirmation stress management on stress level on caregivers of Schizophrenia patient.</em><em></em></p>

Mitigating social and economic sources of trauma: The need for universal basic income during the coronavirus pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is projected to cause an economic shock larger than the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 and a recession as great as anything seen since the Great Depression in 1930s. The social and economic consequences of lockdowns and social distancing measures, such as unemployment, broken relationships and homelessness, create potential for intergenerational trauma extending decades into the future. In this article, we argue that, in the absence of a vaccine, governments need to introduce universal basic income as a means of mitigating this trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Innovation in the ‘New Normal’ Interactions, the Urban Space, and the Low Touch Economy: The Case of Rio de Janeiro in the Context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of this paper is to examine how innovation was implemented in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding the “new normal” interactions, the urban space and the low touch economy. The main argument indicates that the use of new information and communication technologies to interact with others allowed people to develop social and emotional ties in the light of health precautions. Although many of these precautions were ignored by people using the urban space, some people made new uses of the open natural spaces in Rio de Janeiro to release anxiety and depressive feelings, but the city still faces problems regarding the privatization of public spaces. In the light of the development of the low touch economy, innovation was necessary for many companies to overcome obstacles such as broken relationships with customers, the instant drop in demand, the constraints in supply and production, the political instability and the cash-flow/financial constraints. These solutions included the improvement of the logistic process and alternative branding, the switch to a similar but digital/remote service and the creation of products for other needs of the existing clients.

The correlation between family relationships and brain activity within the reward circuit in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder

Disrupted reward circuits and diminished behavioural control have been suggested as the pathophysiologies of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Family functioning is thought to play an important role in reward-related control. We hypothesized that adolescents with IGD show disrupted patterns of family relationships, which are associated with brain activity within the reward circuit. 42 adolescents with IGD without comorbidities and 41 healthy controls were assessed for family function and psychological states using the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (K-WISC), Korean version of DuPaul’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-ARS), Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the relationship domain of the Family Environmental Scale (FES-R). Brain activity was assessed via resting-state fMRI. Adolescents with IGD showed increased K-ARS, BAI, and YIAS scores, but decreased FES-R and FES-cohesion subscale scores; YIAS scores were negatively correlated with FES-R scores. Brain connectivity from the cingulate to the striatum was decreased, positively correlated with FES-R scores, and negatively correlated with IGD severity. Adolescents with IGD showed disrupted family relationships, which was associated with the severity of the disorder, and dis-connectivity within the reward circuit.

The Perils and the Promises of Autoethnography

The Perils and the Promises of Autoethnography

El conflicto escolar: una oportunidad para construir relaciones de convivencia con estudiantes de básica primaria

Los conflictos, hasta hace algunos años estudiados desde una connotación negativa como producto de un problema, riña o agresión han ido paulatinamente cambiando y enmarcándose en un enfoque moderno y positivo, en donde especialmente en las organizaciones es asumido como algo natural e inevitable que se tiene que aceptar, manejar y solucionar sintetizando siempre los aspectos más positivos del mismo. El objetivo estuvo encaminado a analizar las oportunidades educativas que surgen del conflicto escolar y cómo éstas favorecen la construcción de relaciones de convivencia, ofreciendo un marco de reflexión para tratar constructivamente el conflicto escolar, modificando las prácticas cotidianas de asumirlo que impiden o afectan procesos saludables de crecimiento personal. El tipo de investigación es cualitativa, el cual favoreció descubrir, profundizar y enriquecer la comprensión de situaciones sociales relevantes en la realidad investigada buscando significados atribuidos por los propios protagonistas. Entre los resultados se encuentra que los estudiantes que han asumido significativamente sus conflictos crecen integralmente, mientras que quienes lo resuelven de manera disfuncional generalmente rompen relaciones y sufren afectaciones emocionales. Una de las conclusiones indica que las oportunidades educativas que surgen del conflicto escolar se establecen en correspondencia a la inteligencia emocional que desarrolla una persona.

Reframing the Orphan Mandate

Caring for the orphan is a biblical mandate for those who follow the Christian faith tradition. Yet, far too often, this charge has led to coercion and exploitation of marginalized populations. This manuscript will examine this phenomenon through the adoption of Indigenous people starting in colonial America, when Christian missionaries from Europe believed it was their spiritual obligation to “save” young Indigenous children from their “heathen” culture. This belief still shapes many adoption practices today. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) is presented as a step towards legal reparations for the harm done to Indigenous people during this time period. The idea of reparations is discussed as a vital step towards another Christian biblical mandate calling for active repair of broken relationships. Ultimately, this manuscript concludes with an application of the model of praxis from liberation theology to reframe how Christian social workers may approach caring for the orphan.

Reconstructing the lexicographical triangle through teaching dictionary literacy to teachers of English

This paper attempts to establish the need to (re)introduce use of dictionary training into formal EFL teaching. Reference is made to dictionaries for the foreign learners of English (EFL dictionaries), being first conceptualised and compiled as early as the 1930s. The supposition was that the use of dictionary held an integral part in EFL teaching and learning, particularly in vocabulary learning, and that the English teacher would teach students to make full necessary use of the dictionary. Both the EFL dictionary and EFL teaching methodology target the same users. Indeed, prominent EFL lexicographers, during the time like Michael West and A.S. Hornby, were EFL teachers and teacher trainers, who had first-hand experience of students’ learning difficulties and teachers’ teaching needs. Dictionaries like the New Method English Dictionary (1935) targeted mainly Indian learners of English and the Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary (1942) the Japanese mostly. As EFL lexicography and teaching methodologies have been evolving on their own paths in the past decades, the relationship between the two areas has become less dynamic and supportive (complementary). The broken relationship has gravely impacted the use of the dictionary among EFL learners who follow a structured language curriculum. One suggestion to bridge the gap between the dictionary and EFL teachers is to provide training to English language teachers on “dictionary literacy”. When equipped with such knowledge, EFL teachers would be empowered to select and evaluate available English dictionaries to facilitate their own teaching and educate their students to use the dictionary in their learning.

A lesson from Bollywood.

My Ph.D. adviser called me into his office, saying I needn't bring my notebook. Puzzled, I followed him and sat down. We'd met for 2 hours the day before to finalize our project plan for the coming months, and it wasn't clear what more we had to discuss. He started by saying, “Anurag, this conversation isn't going to be easy,” instantly sending my mind into a flurry of thoughts about what was to follow. After 15 minutes of listing positive things about my academic capabilities, he looked me in the eye and said, “You are fired from the lab.” I stared back, blinking in disbelief. “Is he joking?” I wondered. “How is this possible?” ![][1] ILLUSTRATION: ROBERT NEUBECKER > “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” I had moved to Israel from my native India the year before, excited to experience a new culture and pursue a Ph.D. I'd already completed a master's degree in the Netherlands, and at first things went well in my new lab: I got along with my Ph.D. adviser, and my experiments progressed as planned. Then, 3 months before I was fired, I ran into some problems. I made a few mistakes in the lab that slowed my research, but I wasn't aware that my adviser noticed them, and he never spoke to me about any concerns. That's why I was caught off guard in his office that day. I'm still not sure why he fired me, but I suspect it was because of those mistakes. He wasn't confident that I could complete my research in the time frame we'd planned. The first few days after my dismissal were especially difficult. I spent hours staring at my computer screen, unable to get anything done. One day all I could do was sit on a beach, crying as I looked out across the Mediterranean Sea and wondered what I should do. My adviser gave me 2 months to wrap up my work. I tried to change his mind with promising results, but he remained resolute. I could not break the news to my family in India, as the fear of disappointing them overwhelmed me. I soon spiraled into a state of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the date for me to leave the country was drawing near, as my visa required me to be enrolled as a student. I was lonely and without hope. I started to wonder whether my experience was unique. Poking around on the internet, I was relieved to discover that many Ph.D. students never finish their studies for various reasons, one of which is a broken relationship with their adviser. At least I wasn't alone. Around that time, I watched Dasvidaniya , a Bollywood movie that's about a man who is told that he has 3 months to live. He responds by reframing his perspective on life and setting out to make the most of his remaining months. Even though it is a common saying, one line from the movie stuck out to me: “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” What kind of “lemonade” could I make out of my current situation? My desire to complete a Ph.D. was never in doubt; it was my confidence that had taken a hit after my dismissal. After much reflection, I told myself that one failed attempt was not the end of the world, and that I needed to give it another try. I reminded myself that even if I am not the most skilled researcher in the lab, I am a good teacher and I care passionately about mentoring students. My goal is to go back to India to work as a professor, a job I think I would excel at. With renewed confidence, I emailed prospective advisers and applied to other programs. My previous adviser had not yet secured tenure; this time, I sent my applications to more senior, tenured professors. I thought they would have more experience working with international students and would be more patient as I developed my research abilities. Within 2 months of that fateful conversation in my adviser's office, I landed an offer from a Ph.D. program in Italy. I accepted it and relocated to Europe, happy that my goal of completing a Ph.D. was alive once again. I've faced other challenges during my current Ph.D. program, but my adviser has been supportive, and I've felt comfortable going to him for help and guidance. I'm thankful that I didn't give up on my dream and that I found another professor willing to take me on. So, if you find yourself in a similar situation and life gives you lemons, ask yourself: “How can I make lemonade?” [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif

A cross-cultural exploration of children’s perceptions of wellbeing: Understanding protective and risk factors

There is a growing body of literature on children’s wellbeing. However, historically, focus has been on adults’ perspectives, leading to adult-centric views of wellbeing. Although recent years have witnessed an increase in researchers eliciting children’s perspectives, it is not clear whether children's perceptions of wellbeing are universal, or whether they are culturally distinct. This study sought to explore children’s perceptions of wellbeing across Wales and the Czech Republic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 children aged 9–12 years and analysed via thematic analysis. The results revealed similarities in the perceptions of children in Wales and Czech Republic, with children in both cultures drawing on risk and protective factors that children believe impacts on their wellbeing. Risk factors include disrupted family relationships, peer difficulties, and anxiety, while protective factors include positive parent-child relationships, meaningful friendships, and effective coping strategies. This paper suggests that warm parent-child and child-peer interactions contribute to children’s positive socioemotional functioning.