Broken Chain Research Articles

Black Garlic Antioxidant Activity Test (Allium Sativum) Compound Types with DPPH Method (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil)

Antioxidants are needed to neutralize Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the body and prevent cardiovascular, cancer, and premature aging as degenerative diseases. Antioxidants will provide resistance to free radicals and prevent damage in normal cells, proteins, and fats, and are able to break chain reactions without disrupting their function. Black Garlic has higher antioxidant properties than regular garlic. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a compound from Black Garlic that functions as an antioxidant that can affect the cell cycle in apoptosis, which can provide cell protection from free radical damage. In a study, it was said that a single type of Black Garlic extract obtained IC50 52.055 ppm (µg/mL) which is included in the category of high antioxidant activity. While in the antioxidant activity test, this study used a compound type of black garlic on the grounds that the price is more affordable and easy to find in traditional markets. This study aims to evaluate the potential of compound-type black garlic extract against free radicals by testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of the compound type Black Garlic antioxidant test stated to have an IC50 value of 173 ppm (µg/mL) which is classified as moderate antioxidant activity. So researchers assume that the use of single type Black Garlic extract is more effective than compound type Black Garlic.

Mechanism of strategic remoulding of high-dimensional industrial eco-economy and the reconstruction of carbon neutral industrial chain

Considerable changes in the international society, fierce international competition and unpredictable economic changes are currently observed. Since then, the epidemic has had a far-reaching impact, and many industrial and supply chains have suffered from ‘broken chains’, ‘blocked chains’ and ‘poor chains’. The European Union (EU) has also sounded the alarm on China’s ‘card neck’ restrictions and ‘entity list’. Therefore, pursuing the integration of dual carbon landscape planning and industrial chain and addressing the key high-dimensional ecological economy ‘neck-choking’ problem path have become important tasks. National ministries and commissions have issued a number of documents to promote the integration and innovation of the industrial chain, high-, medium- and low-dimensional enterprises, and guide such industries to take the road of ‘high dimensional’ development. This paper takes eco-economic strategy as the starting point to reshape the systematic theoretical analysis framework of economic strategy mechanism. In response to the high-dimensional industrial transformation adaptation path and carbon neutral industry chain development model of the academic inquiry, the ‘profit model’ is set as the core and configuration complementary, alternative management thinking analysis path and model. Simultaneously, the high-dimensional industrial eco-economic industrial chain adaptation path is identified. The effects of high-dimensional industry ‘five forces’, ‘colouring map’ and ‘new tools’ are explored and then integrated and refined to improve the implementation efficiency of the carbon neutral industrial chain. Finally, focusing on the high-dimensional ecological economic strategy reshaping mechanism, the formation of sustainable development of the ‘carbon neutral’ industrial chain, unified standards and the realisation of the chain length system is investigated.

Experimenting with D-Wave quantum annealers on prime factorization problems

This paper builds on top of a paper we have published very recently, in which we have proposed a novel approach to prime factorization (PF) by quantum annealing, where 8, 219, 999 = 32, 749 × 251 was the highest prime product we were able to factorize—which, to the best of our knowledge is the largest number which was ever factorized by means of a quantum device. The series of annealing experiments which led us to these results, however, did not follow a straight-line path; rather, they involved a convoluted trial-and-error process, full of failed or partially-failed attempts and backtracks, which only in the end drove us to find the successful annealing strategies. In this paper, we delve into the reasoning behind our experimental decisions and provide an account of some of the attempts we have taken before conceiving the final strategies that allowed us to achieve the results. This involves also a bunch of ideas, techniques, and strategies we investigated which, although turned out to be inferior wrt. those we adopted in the end, may instead provide insights to a more-specialized audience of D-Wave users and practitioners. In particular, we show the following insights: (i) different initialization techniques affect performances, among which flux biases are effective when targeting locally-structured embeddings; (ii) chain strengths have a lower impact in locally-structured embeddings compared to problem relying on global embeddings; (iii) there is a trade-off between broken chain and excited CFAs, suggesting an incremental annealing offset remedy approach based on the modules instead of single qubits. Thus, by sharing the details of our experiences, we aim to provide insights into the evolving landscape of quantum annealing, and help people access and effectively use D-Wave quantum annealers.

Product distribution and conversion mechanism of fossil-based biodegradable plastics during rapid pyrolysis

Fast pyrolysis has emerged as a promising technology for converting fossil-based biodegradable plastics (FBBPs) into clean energy and high-value products with rapid volume reduction and efficient utilisation. The degradation mechanism during pyrolysis is crucial, and different chemical structures and reaction processes directly affect the treatment efficiency and economic benefits. In this study, three typical FBBPs, including poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), have been analyzed in rapid pyrolysis experiments and corresponding products. Being pyrolyzed at 550℃, three kinds of FBBPs exhibited distinctly different decomposition behaviors and characteristics. These differences can be attributed to the bond-breaking ways and pyrolysis mechanisms, which enhance the value of products. Specifically, PBS exhibited the highest abundance of bio-oils and particulate matter (total 90.58%) compared to PBAT and PCL, mainly converted to ketones and acids with a homogeneous component distribution, which was likely to help facilitate further utilisation. In addition, the oxygen of PBS remained in the bio-oil fraction while showing high levels of CO in the bio-gas. Moreover, PCL had the highest amount of bio-gas (21.76%) among the three FBBPs, indicating that it was more likely to break into small molecule products. Notably, the broken chains or macro-molecules of PCL were primarily converted into esters, with di(but-2-en-1-yl) adipate accounting for 57.5% of bio-oils. This work elucidated the transformation pathways and mechanism of FBBP pyrolysis, providing guidance for the treatment and resource utilisation of FBBPs.

Inflation, superheavy metastable strings and gravitational waves in non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5)

Motivated by the NANOGrav 15 year data and other recent investigations of stochastic gravitational background radiation based on pulsar timing arrays, we show how superheavy strings survive inflation but the slightly heavier monopoles do not in a non-supersymmetric hybrid inflation model based on flipped SU(5). With the dimensionless string tension parameter Gμ ∼ 10-6, the gravitational wave spectrum emitted by the strings, which are metastable due to breaking caused by monopole-antimonopole quantum mechanical tunneling, is compatible with the latest NANOGrav measurement as well as the advanced LIGO-VIRGO third run data. The string network undergoes about 30 e-foldings of inflation which suppresses the spectrum in the LIGO-VIRGO frequency range. With the symmetry breaking chain SU(5)×U(1) X → SU(3) c ×SU(2) L ×U(1) Z ×U(1) X → SU(3) c ×SU(2) L ×U(1) Y , the estimated proton lifetime is of order 1036-1037 yrs.

Lessons Learned from Contact Tracing COVID-19 cases in Dental Settings in East Scotland.

Dental settings were considered high risk settings for COVID-19. A Dental Public Health Team in East Scotland worked to risk assess each situation timeously to break chains of transmission. To present learning from routine data collected from contact tracing COVID-19 cases in the dental setting. Retrospective analysis of a routine data set of COVID-19 cases associated with a dental setting reported via the national contact tracing system for two health board areas in the East of Scotland. Descriptive statistics summarise the data collected over a 13-month period (Oct 2020-Dec 2021) during which all included COVID-19 cases were confirmed by PCR. A narrative presents output from contact tracing of all cases and includes themes identified during contact tracing that led to transmission within a dental setting. A case study illustrates impact of transmission. 752 cases are included. No evidence of staff to patient transmission or vice versa was found in this study. Staff to staff transmission occurred in non-clinical areas contributing to 33% of total staff cases with the remainder assessed to result from community transmission. Transmission of COVID-19 in a dental setting, in the context of this study, appears to be confined to non-clinical areas with the majority of staff cases resulting from community transmission. Future pandemic plans should include tools to aid with implementation of guidance in non-clinical areas.

Integration or fragmentation: the arrow of China's lithium product development.

Lithium is an indispensable resource for the next generation of clean technology. Promoting the development of lithium industry has become a global consensus, with China being no exception. The development process involves not only the growth and degeneration of lithium products but also the path-dependency issues arising from resources and technology. This study, based on the perspective of product space structure, constructs China's lithium product network to study its pattern evolution and predict the development direction. Then, according to the current situation and pattern evolution trends, potential advantageous lithium products and advantage-degraded lithium products are identified, and tactics for expanding chains and breaking chains are formulated for them, presenting strategies for the integrated and fragmentated development of China's lithium products. This aims to steer China's lithium products towards a more orderly and closely interconnected direction, representing the arrow of development for China's lithium products.

Research on optimization of e-commerce supply chain logistics service model based on multi-source data fusion

Abstract Inefficiencies in supply chain logistics management, particularly in certain regions, often result in “broken chain” incidents that significantly impact the efficiency of e-commerce operations and degrade consumer experiences. This paper addresses the necessity of optimizing the logistics service model by integrating 12 heterogeneous data sources related to warehousing, transportation, processing, and sorting. We propose a site selection-inventory-path e-commerce logistics optimization model. For the first time, the model incorporates the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence algorithm to quantitatively evaluate the support relationships among various pieces of evidence by adjusting the weight coefficients accordingly. This adjustment is further refined through the application of the Nash equilibrium in the evidence combination process. The optimized logistics model is then solved using a fusion of the model and an intuitive fuzzy set approach. A case study demonstrates that the optimized logistic supply capacity consistently outperformed the non-optimized scenarios, with statistical increases of 1.64%, 1.72%, 2.15%, 3.73%, 2.71%, 2.46%, 3.59%, 2.17%, and 3.98%. Furthermore, by refining the logistics model, the gap in logistics performance was narrowed by at least 5.13% and by as much as 12.9% across successive evaluations, significantly alleviating issues related to enterprise capacity constraints. This study offers novel insights and methodologies for enhancing the efficiency of regional e-commerce supply chain logistics, boosting the competitiveness of logistics enterprises, and elevating the consumer experience in e-commerce settings.

The establishment of PES/AMPS-PAN ultrafiltration membrane with the property of self-repairing both physical and chemical damage

Cleaning, oxidant, photocatalysis and operation process will cause chemical or physical damage to the membrane, resulting in a loss of membrane integrity. Self-repairing membranes will help solve this problem without expensive integrity monitoring and membrane replacement. Therefore, this work first prepared the self-repairing PES/AMPS-PAN ultrafiltration membrane that can self-heal both physical damage and chemical damage. AMPS and AMPS-PAN were employed as self-repairing polymers to construct self-repairing membrane. The SEM images, the recovery rate of pure water flux and HA retention rate proved that the PES/AMPS-PAN membrane could realize physical self-repairing process. The XPS result proved that the CC in AMPS and the PES breaking chain underwent a single electron michael addition reaction when the membrane was chemical damaged, realizing the self-repairing of chemical damage. Furthermore, the hydrophilic group in AMPS or AMPS-PAN endowed the membrane hydrophilicity and improved the anti-fouling performance of the membrane. The prepared membrane also illustrated excellent permeability, just like the pure water flux got to 121 L/m2h, while HA retention rate could also maintained at a high level 99.2%. The membranes with different mass ratio of AMPS-PAN (MPAN1 and MPAN3) displayed a better pure water flux recovery rate 90.2% and 92% after chemical cleaning compared with the membrane with no AMPS-PAN (MAMPS0), respectively. The Rir = 18.5% of MPAN3 indicated that the adsorption of HA was prevented by the addition of AMPS-PAN. In a word, the PES/AMPS-PAN membrane not only could self-heal both physical damage and chemical membrane damage, but also endowed the membrane good pollution resistance and permeability.

Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra

SO(10), or equivalently its covering group Spin(10), is a well-known promising grand unified group that contains the standard-model group. The spinors of the group Spin(N) of rotations in N spacetime dimensions are indexed by a bitcode with [N/2] bits. Fermions in Spin(10) are described by five bits yzrgb, consisting of two weak bits y and z, and three colour bits r, g, b. If a sixth bit t is added, necessary to accommodate a time dimension, then the enlarged Spin(11, 1) algebra contains the standard-model and Dirac algebras as commuting subalgebras, unifying the four forces. The minimal symmetry breaking chain that breaks Spin(11, 1) to the standard model is unique, proceeding via the Pati-Salam group. The minimal Higgs sector is similarly unique, consisting of the dimension 66 adjoint representation of Spin(11, 1); in effect, the scalar Higgs sector matches the vector gauge sector. Although the unified algebra is that of Spin(11, 1), the persistence of the electroweak Higgs field after grand symmetry breaking suggests that the gauge group before grand symmetry breaking is Spin(10, 1), not the full group Spin(11, 1). The running of coupling parameters predicts that the standard model should unify to the Pati-Salam group Spin(4) w × Spin(6) c at 1012 GeV, and thence to Spin(10, 1) at 1015 GeV. The grand Higgs field breaks t-symmetry, can drive cosmological inflation, and generates a large Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrino by flipping its t-bit. The electroweak Higgs field breaks y-symmetry, and generates masses for fermions by flipping their y-bit.

Trinification from E6 symmetry breaking

In the context of E6 Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), an intriguing possibility for symmetry breaking to the Standard Model (SM) group involves an intermediate stage characterized by either SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3) (trinification) or SU(6) × SU(2). The more common choices of SU(5) and SO(10) GUT symmetry groups do not offer such breaking chains. We argue that the presence of a real (rank 2 tensor) representation 650 of E6 in the scalar sector is the minimal and likely only reasonable possibility to obtain one of the novel intermediate stages. We analyze the renormalizable scalar potential of a single copy of the 650 and find vacuum solutions that support regularly embedded subgroups SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3), SU(6) × SU(2), and SO(10) × U(1), as well as specially embedded subgroups F4 and SU(3) × G2 that do not contain the SM gauge symmetry. We show that for a suitable choice of parameters, each of the regular cases can be obtained as the lowest among the analyzed minima in the potential.

National Drug Shortages – Broken Supply or Broken Chain? It Is Time to End the ‘Race to the Bottom’

Features| June 2023 National Drug Shortages – Broken Supply or Broken Chain? It Is Time to End the ‘Race to the Bottom’ Umar Kamal, MD; Umar Kamal, MD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Taysir Awad, MD; Taysir Awad, MD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Beenish Khurshid, BS Beenish Khurshid, BS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor June 2023, Vol. 87, 22–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000938824.54441.3b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Umar Kamal, Taysir Awad, Beenish Khurshid; National Drug Shortages – Broken Supply or Broken Chain? It Is Time to End the ‘Race to the Bottom’. ASA Monitor 2023; 87:22–23 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000938824.54441.3b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: medication shortages Albuterol, bupivacaine, hydrocortisone, and dopamine – these are only four of the approximately 260 drugs that have experienced national shortages over the past 12 months (asamonitor.pub/41eZ3Hx; asamonitor.pub/40TNKVa). These scarcities have led to treatment delays, rationing, and, in some cases, changes to therapeutic plans (asamonitor.pub/3mxTgh5). Substitutes and alternative therapies have led to medication errors and patient harm (asamonitor.pub/3UCjdZy). In addition to these direct patient costs, there is a significant financial loss associated with addressing the ongoing shortages. Nationally, hospitals incurred an additional $229.7 million per year in costs between 2011 and 2013 because of more expensive generic replacements for shortage drugs. This figure does not include indirect costs of off-contract purchases, therapeutic alternatives, or additional labor requirements (asamonitor.pub/43wqhuP). This danger to public health and safety is particularly pertinent for anesthesiologists because the growing list of critical, lifesaving medications in short supply is... You do not currently have access to this content.

Sistem Aplikasi Layanan Panggilan Montir Berbasis Web untuk Memudahkan Pengendara Menemukan Montir


 
 
 
 The number of motorized vehicle riders has drastically increased, leading to a rise in problems such as breakdowns, flat tires, and broken chains while on the road. Especially for riders who are unfamiliar with the surrounding area, it can be challenging to find a nearby mechanic or garage. Therefore, Canic is a web-based application that provides on-demand mechanic services. The application enables riders to easily address vehicle issues by displaying a list of nearby mechanics based on the rider's location. The rider can then select the preferred mechanic and make a booking, with the mechanic coming to the rider's location. The application was designed using Figma, Visual Studio Code, PHP Native, and MySQL as a supporting applications. The application's main features aid riders in finding nearby mechanics and viewing detailed transaction records. Based on a survey of 36 respondents, the application can facilitate riders in finding nearby mechanics from their location. In conclusion, Canic offers a practical solution to address the problem of riders facing vehicle issues while on the road. By providing a user-friendly interface and reliable mechanic services, Canic can help riders avoid further inconvenience and continue their journey with ease.
 
 
 

Analysis of the Use of Excessive Graphic Design Elements on 77Th Independence Day Posters

Independence posters are posters that are often present when commemorating the Independence of the Indonesian Nation which are made by institutions, agencies or even individuals every year including for the 77th anniversary. The poster makers try to raise awareness about the importance of remembering the services of the heroes who fought for the independence of the Indonesian nation, the poster makers often use elements of independence in each of their posters. This study aims to identify and find out the use of redundant elements on the 77th Republic of Indonesia Independence Day Commemoration Posters which researchers often encounter in society on Independence Day. This study uses qualitative research methods to describe in detail which elements are redundant in the Posters commemorating the 77th Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia by taking 1 sample poster from various government agencies. In the study it was concluded that the use of elements on the 77th Independence Day Commemoration Poster proved to be excessive with the repetition of elements that resembled the Indonesian Flag, Maps, Figures such as Soekano, Bung Tomo and even other Heroes, there were also found other elements such as ribbons -ribbons, people clenching their arms, broken chains and people raising flags. The researcher also concluded that the repetition of elements like the one above is to give a lively or lively impression on the poster, but it is not uncommon for repetition to make the poster difficult to read.

‘Setting benchmarks and breaking chains’: public opinions of female police officers

ABSTRACT While many benefits of women in policing have been recognised, sworn female officers have remained mostly underrepresented within the workforce. Recently, policing organisations have sought to rectify this with the implementation of gender targets. However, this aim to increase female officers has been met with resistance and scepticism. This study examines the main support and concerns held by the public regarding women in policing. To do this, 3562 phrases within 3210 public comments were thematically analysed from an Australian Federal Police Facebook recruitment campaign that targeted women. Results showed that most of the comments were positive in nature with three main themes emerging: individual, institutional, and societal perspectives. Furthermore, the findings revealed that there appears to be a shift in public opinions from individual perspective concerns (such as emotional and physical capabilities) to a societal perspective including the balancing of power and the breaking of chains. These findings help to inform policing authorities in the design of gender target campaigns and strategies. Specifically, by knowing the public concerns about women in policing, authorities can address these concerns by rethinking policies and practices, and educating the public about any common misconceptions about female officers. Furthermore, the supportive reasons can be used to promote positive relationships between police and the community enhancing trust and confidence in the police.

Breaking the chain with individual gain? Investigating the moral intensity of COVID-19 digital contact tracing

During the COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps such as the German Corona-Warning-App (CWA) were introduced to facilitate contact tracing of infected individuals with the aim of breaking chains of infection. Therefore, using a contact tracing app is beneficial to society as a whole. Even though this is a good cause, the rather reluctant use of the CWA in the beginning indicated that the pains (e.g., privacy concerns) obviously outweighed the gains (helping others) at the level of the individual user. Thus, in order to identify what lies behind the gain of this app and how it can be promoted, we were interested in the individual's moral perspective (helping others) on the app. We expected a positive relation between CWA download and moral intensity derived from (i) the magnitude or seriousness of consequences, (ii) social norms about app use, (iii) the individual proximity to COVID-19 cases, and (iv) the probability of the app's positive effect. Using a heterogeneous German sample of N = 1,454, we found a strong influence of moral intensity on app download. Furthermore, a manipulation of moral intensity among non-users led to a higher number of downloads in a follow-up study (N = 662) as compared to the population. Our results show possibilities to enhance the adoption of contact tracing apps and potentially other apps for the common good in the population.

GUTs, hybrid topological defects, and gravitational waves

The symmetry breaking of grand unified gauge groups in the early Universe often leaves behind relic topological defects such as cosmic strings, domain walls, or monopoles. For some symmetry breaking chains, hybrid defects can form where cosmic strings attach to domain walls or monopoles attach to strings. In general, such hybrid defects are unstable, with one defect ``eating'' the other via the conversion of its rest mass into the other's kinetic energy and, subsequently, decaying via gravitational waves. In this work, we determine the gravitational wave spectrum from 1) the destruction of a cosmic string network by the nucleation of monopoles which cut up and ``eat'' the strings, 2) the collapse and decay of a monopole-string network by strings that eat the monopoles, 3) the destruction of a domain wall network by the nucleation of string-bounded holes on the wall that expand and eat the wall, and 4) the collapse and decay of a string-bounded wall network by walls that eat the strings. We call the gravitational wave signals produced from the eating of one topological defect by another ``gravitational wave gastronomy.'' We find that the four gravitational wave gastronomy signals considered yield unique spectra that can be used to narrow down the $SO(10)$ symmetry breaking chain to the Standard Model and the scales of symmetry breaking associated with the consumed topological defects. Moreover, the systems we consider are unlikely to have a residual monopole or domain wall problem.

The broken chain: Evidence against emotionally driven upstream indirect reciprocity

Psychologists claim that being treated kindly puts individuals in a positive emotional state: they then treat an unrelated third party more kindly. Numerous experiments document that subjects indeed ‘pay forward’ specific behavior. For example, they are less generous after having experienced stinginess. This, however, is not necessarily driven by emotions. Subjects may also imitate what they regard as socially adequate behavior. Here, I present an experiment in which imitation is not possible at the next opportunity to act with a stranger: after being given either a fun or an annoying job, subjects have to decide whether to be generous or not. I find that although subjects who are given the annoying job report more negative emotions than those with the fun job, they do not treat an unrelated third person more unkindly in terms of passing on less money.

Classification of Abelian domain walls

We discuss domain walls from spontaneous breaking of Abelian discrete symmetries $Z_N$. A series of different domain wall structures are predicted, depending on the symmetry and charge assignments of scalars leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). A widely-existing type of domain walls are those separating degenerate vacua which are adjacent in the field space. We denote these walls as adjacency walls. In the case that $Z_N$ terms are small compared with the $U(1)$ terms, the SSB of $U(1)$ generates strings first and then adjacency walls bounded by strings are generated after the SSB of $Z_N$. For symmetries larger than $Z_3$, non-adjacent vacua exist, we regard walls separating them as non-adjacency walls. These walls are unstable if $U(1)$ is a good approximation. If the discrete symmetry is broken via multiple steps, we arrive at a complex structure that one kind of walls wrapped by another type. On the other hand, if the symmetry is broken in different directions independently, walls generated from the different breaking chains are blind to each other.

Accelerated partner therapy should be part of the suite of contact tracing options

Contact tracing, or partner notification, is a key pillar for controlling infectious diseases, such as chlamydia. If performed effectively, it can break chains of transmission, reduce the index patient's risk of repeat infection, and reduce the risk of complications for the index patient and their sexual partner(s).1 However, effective contact tracing is challenging because partners can be hard to reach or anonymous, and stigma limits contact and impedes timely testing and treatment.2,3