Broccoli Powder Research Articles

Maternal Broccoli Powder Intake Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Inflammation via AMPK/mTOR Pathway in the Livers of High-Fructose-Fed Male Rat Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction.

Sub-optimal prenatal conditions such as maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation posit high risks of adult metabolic diseases. High fructose intake causes insulin resistance and liver inflammation contributing to metabolic diseases. However, food-based preventive measure for these metabolic diseases in the offspring is under-researched. This study aims to investigate the effect of maternal broccoli powder (BP) intake during lactation on insulin resistance and liver inflammation in high-fructose-diet-fed adult male offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats are provided normal protein (NP) or low protein (LP) diets and 0% or 0.74% BP-containing NP diets and 0% or 0.74% BP-containing LP diet during lactation. At weaning, offspring receiving water (W) or 10% fructose solution (Fr) are assigned into six groups: NP/NP/W, NP/NP/Fr, NP/NPBP/Fr, LP/LP/W, LP/LP/Fr, and LP/LPBP/Fr. At week 13, plasma insulin, macrophage infiltration, activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, and autophagy flux markers are examined. LP/LPBP/Fr shows lower insulin levels and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values than LP/LP/Fr. Liver macrophage infiltration are decreased in LP/LPBP/Fr. LP/LPBP/Fr exhibits upregulated AMPK phosphorylation, downregulated mTOR phosphorylation, and increased Microtubule-associated protein1A/1B-light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) levels. Maternal BP intake during lactation ameliorates insulin resistance and inflammation in the livers of adult offspring on a high-fructose diet from LP mothers.

A Comprehensive Review of Fingerprint Development : Exploring Unconventional Powder-Based Techniques

Fingerprint development remains a crucial aspect of forensic science, aiding in the identification and resolution of criminal cases. This review paper systematically explores the efficacy and potential of various unconventional and natural substances in fingerprint development. Focusing on an array of substances such as turmeric powder, Fuller's clay powder (Multani Mitti), food color, Holi color, durian seeds powder, soil powder, talcum powder, traditional powders, pooja materials, corn seed powder, silica gel G, broccoli powder, medicine powder, salt, sugar powder, and brick powder, this paper discusses their applicability, advantages, limitations, and comparative effectiveness in developing latent fingerprints. The review encompasses studies and experiments conducted to assess the suitability of these substances for fingerprint development across different surfaces and environmental conditions. Additionally, this article examines the environmental and cost-effective benefits of using natural and non-conventional materials in forensic investigations and their sustainability and availability compared to traditional chemical reagents.

Physical, Functional and Microbiological Parameters of Tomato-Broccoli Blended Instant Vegetable Soup Mix

The aim of the present study was to develop functional instant soup mix and to assess its physical and functional parameters during ambient storage conditions. For the development of instant soup mix, tomato and broccoli were blended in different proportions of 100:0, 95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 and 70:30 and were packed in laminate pouches and stored for 90 days. Analysis for physical (Hunter colour value), functional parameters and microbiological parameters (total plate count) was conducted at a regular interval of 30 days. With the incorporation of broccoli powder mean L* value increased from 48.90 to 50.75, whereas mean a* and b* values showed a decreasing trend from 17.52 to 9.67 and 30.45 to 28.02, respectively. Among functional parameters, mean water solubility index decreased from 9.34 to 8.52 g/g and water absorption index decreased from 4.09 to 3.42 g/g. T7 recorded highest bulk density (0.719 g/ml) and rehydration ratio (5.33). The overall acceptability was observed to be highest in T4 (7.92). The microbial count was found within permissible limits during 90 days of storage.

The Beneficial Effect of Selenium-Enriched Broccoli on the Quality Characteristics of Bread

Broccoli is one of the most valuable representatives of the Brassicaceae family, characterized by high levels of glucosinolates and fiber, antioxidant status and tolerance to high selenium (Se) concentrations. To evaluate the efficiency of Se-enriched broccoli utilization in bread production, 4% of dry broccoli powder was added to dough using non-fortified and Se-biofortified broccoli florets. The resulting functional products were characterized by enhanced porosity, crump acidity and a specific volume exceeding those of the control bread by 109–110%, 114–121% and 107–112%, respectively, with the lower levels typical to bread with broccoli non-fortified with Se. By supplying broccoli powder to bread, the dietary fiber content of the product was enhanced by 2.1 times. Selenium-enriched broccoli powder supply improved the ascorbic acid and total phenolic content in bread by 37.5 and 2.03 times compared with the control. The effect was less pronounced in case of non-fortified broccoli supplementation due to the beneficial effect of Se on broccoli florets’ antioxidant status. Selenium-enriched broccoli supply significantly decreased the intensity of bread crumb hardening during storage. High Se-biofortification level (5.6) and insignificant Se losses during bread baking (less than 4%) confirm high prospects of Se-enriched broccoli utilization in the production of new functional bread with elevated levels of antioxidants, Se and dietary fiber.

Qualitative Analysis of Cruciferous Vegetable Extracts Useful for Estrogen Metabolism for Diindolylmethane (DIM)

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in Cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower,) which promotes Estrogen metabolism in females. It has been known to help in the reduction of heavy blood flow during menstruation especially in females with uterine fibroids. Dim-plus® a herbal supplement contains Vitamin E, DIM, Phosphatidly choline, Spinach, Cabbage, and Broccoli powder. The purpose of this research is to extract and identify DIM present in Broccoli, Spinach and Cabbage obtained in local markets in Lagos, Nigeria and compare it with the reference standard DIM-plus®. Identification of compounds qualitatively by TLC showed different Rf values which were compared with the reference to identify compounds with similar Rf values. Extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis to confirm the presence of DIM in the Cruciferous vegetables. Based on the TLC and HPLC analysis it was confirmed that the vegetables crude extracts contains detectable amounts of DIM.

Hydrothermally Derived Green Carbon Dots from Broccoli Water Extracts: Decreased Toxicity, Enhanced Free-Radical Scavenging, and Anti-Inflammatory Performance.

Biomass carbon dots (CDs) derived from natural plants possess the advantages of low cost, photostability, and excellent biocompatibility, with potential applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging, and nanomedicine. However, the development of biomass CDs with excellent antioxidant activity and good biocompatibility is still a challenge. Herein, we propose a hypothesis for enhancing the antioxidant capacity of biomass CDs based on precursor optimization, extraction solvent, and other conditions with broccoli as the biomass. Compared to broccoli water extracts, broccoli powders, and broccoli organic solvent extracts, CDs derived from broccoli water extracts (BWE-CDs) have outstanding antioxidant properties due to the abundant C═C, carbonyl, and amino groups on their surface. After optimization of the preparation condition, the obtained BWE-CDs exhibit excellent free-radical scavenging activity with an EC50 of 68.2 μg/mL for DPPH• and 22.4 μg/mL for ABTS•+. Cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryotoxicity results indicated that BWE-CDs have lower cytotoxicity and better biocompatibility than that of CDs derived from organic solvents. In addition, BWE-CDs effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 cells, 293T cells, and zebrafish, as well as eliminating inflammation in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Mechanistic studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of BWE-CDs was dependent on the direct reaction of CDs with free radicals, the regulation of NO levels, and the upregulation of the expression of SOD and GPX-4. This work indicates that the antioxidant activity of CDs could be enhanced by using solvent extracts of biomass as precursors, and the obtained BWE-CDs exhibit characteristics of greenness, low toxicity, and excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which suggests the potential promising application of BWE-CDs as an antioxidant nanomedicine for inflammatory therapy.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Bioactive Composition and Neuroprotective and Antimicrobial Properties of Vacuum-Dried Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Powder and Its Antioxidants.

In this study, vacuum drying (VD) was employed as an approach to protect the bioactive components of and produce dried broccoli powders with a high biological activity. To achieve these goals, the effects of temperature (at the five levels of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C) and constant vacuum pressure (10 kPa) were evaluated. The results show that, with the increasing temperature, the drying time decreased. Based on the statistical tests, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model was found to fit well to sorption isotherms, whereas the Midilli and Kucuk model fit well to the drying kinetics. VD has a significant impact on several proximate composition values. As compared with the fresh sample, VD significantly reduced the total phenol, flavonoid and glucosinolate contents. However, it was shown that VD at higher temperatures (80 and 90 °C) contributed to a better antioxidant potential of broccoli powder. In contrast, 50 °C led to a better antimicrobial and neuroprotective effects, presumably due to the formation of isothiocyanate (ITC). Overall, this study demonstrates that VD is a promising technique for the development of extracts from broccoli powders that could be used as natural preservatives or as a neuroprotective agent.

Evaluation of chemical and sensory parameters of tomato-broccoli blended instant vegetable soup mix

The aim of the study was to standardize appropriate blends of tomato and broccoli for development of instant vegetable soup mix. Soup mix was formulated with varied proportions of tomato and broccoli powder as T1 (100:0:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder ), T2 (95:05:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder), T3 (90:10:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder), T4 (85:15:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder), T5 (80:20:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder), T6 (75:25:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder) and T7 (70:30:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder) along with other ingredients viz., corn flour (thickening agent), salt etc. and were evaluated for their chemical and sensory characteristics at 30 days interval under ambient conditions. Results showed that treatment T7 recorded the highest ascorbic acid (30.52 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity (26.38 %). Sensory evaluation revealed that instant soup mix blended with 85:15:: Tomato powder: Broccoli powder was most acceptable.

Nutrient-Dense Shelf-Stable Vegetable Powders and Extruded Snacks Made from Carrots and Broccoli.

Perishable fresh vegetables that do not meet cosmetic standards and by-products of processing are currently wasted. Broccoli and carrots were selected as model vegetables to demonstrate that they can be converted into nutrient-dense and shelf-stable food ingredients and formulated into convenient ready-to-eat snacks. Broccoli powder was a rich source of protein (30%) and dietary fibre (28%). Carrot powder had lower protein (6.5%) and dietary fibre content (24%) and was higher in sugar (47%) compared to broccoli powder (21%). Compared to the whole-vegetable powders, pomace powders were richer in fibre but had lower levels of total carbohydrates. There was a reduced expansion of extruded snacks with increasing levels of the vegetable component in the formulation. Processing and storage for 12 months at 25 °C or 40 °C resulted in changes in the measured soluble phenolic content. Changes during storage were dependent on the temperature and time. The changes may be in part due to the changes in the material properties of the matrix as a consequence of processing and storage, which affect extractability. The conversion of perishable vegetables and pomace into shelf-stable nutrient-dense food ingredients and products will reduce food loss and waste in the vegetable industry.

The Influence of Fiber Source on Circulating Concentration of Age-Related Metabolites and the Gut Microbial Composition in Senior Cats

Abstract Objectives Aging is characterized by increased blood concentrations of several age-related host and microbial metabolites associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various fiber sources on age-related metabolites and the gut microbiome in senior cats. Methods Forty cats between the age of 8 and 14 were fed a pretrial food for 4 weeks and then randomly assigned to receive a control or a test food for 4 weeks each. The test food contained 1.3% crude fiber mainly from oat groats, broccoli powder, pea and tomato pomace. The control food contained 1.4% crude fiber mainly from whole wheat, beet pulp, flax seed and oat fiber. Cats were given the pretrial food again as a washout for 4 weeks before the crossover was performed. Cats initially fed the test food were then switched to the control food for remaining 4 weeks. Similarly, cats fed the control food were switched to the test food for 4 weeks. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected at the end of each 4 week period to assess changes in blood chemistry, urinalysis, plasma metabolomics and microbiome. Statistical significance (P < 0.05) between the control and test food was determined by using a paired-t test. Results Cats fed the test food had significantly lower plasma concentrations of the advanced glycation endproduct, pyrraline, and the markers of oxidative stress, methionine sulfone and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide. Circulating concentrations of the uremic toxins creatinine, urea, SDMA plus ADMA, and guanidinoacetate were significantly reduced after cats ate the test food. The plasma concentrations of microbial uremic toxins, including 3-indoxyl sulfate, 6-hydroxyindole sulfate and 4-ethylphenyl sulfate, were significantly reduced after cats were fed the test food compared to the control food. Fecal microbiome data showed that cats had 63% increased abundance of bacteria in the genus Bifidobacterium and reduced abundance of the genera Clostridium and Eubacterium after they were fed the test food compared to the control food. Conclusions Oat groats, broccoli powder, pea and tomato pomace provide beneficial fiber that modulates the gut microbiome of senior cats and reduces concentrations of harmful metabolites linked with aging and kidney disease. Funding Sources The work presented in this study was funded by Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS.

Environmental Assessment of Upgrading Horticultural Side Streams—The Case of Unharvested Broccoli Leaves

To facilitate transition to a sustainable food system, it is necessary to address food losses. A large proportion of waste occurs during primary production, with large quantities of edible crop parts left in the field at harvest. One such product is broccoli, where normally only around one-third of the edible parts of the plant are harvested in Sweden. Much of the broccoli plant consists of edible leaves and this side stream represents an unused resource with great potential. This study assessed the potential environmental savings that can be achieved by utilising broccoli side streams as a powder in soups and bread. Consequential and attributional life cycle assessments were conducted, based on scenarios relevant for growers in southern Sweden. The results showed that the scenario with the largest saving potential was to process the broccoli side streams into a powder for use in broccoli soup. The main saving was due to substitution of imported broccoli powder, which was assumed to be produced from broccoli florets using a more fossil-based energy mix. The second best scenario was to use the side-stream broccoli powder as a wheat substitute in bread but, since wheat flour is less resource-demanding than imported broccoli powder, the emission savings were lower in this case. However, replacing wheat flour with a vegetable-based product could provide additional health benefits that are important in achieving a healthy, locally available, and environmentally friendly diet suitable for a sustainable food system.

ФОРТИФІКАЦІЯ ПШЕНИЧНОГО ХЛІБА ІННОВАЦІЙНИМИ ІНГРЕДІЄНТАМИ РОСЛИННОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ

Bakery products have recently become the subject of discussion about the nutritional value of bread of different varieties, and one way to increase it is to enrich bakery products with innovative components of plant origin, so the development of new breads enriched with innovative plant components is relevant. It is important not only to choose the fortification component, but also to study the methodology of its addition, to determine the physical and chemical parameters of finished products and semi-finished products. The production of bread enriched with biologically active substances of vegetable raw materials is a promising direction for the development of innovative technologies in the food industry. Currently a recipe for wheat bread enriched with broccoli and cauliflower powder has not been developed, and the possibility of improving its taste by adding lemon zest has not been studied. Development of technology for the production of wheat bread enriched with dry vegetable raw materials: broccoli and cauliflower powder, improvement of taste properties by adding lemon peel. The influence of additives on the quality of gluten, the lifting power of yeast, quality indicators of finished bread, and optimal dosage of fortification components. The nutritional and energy value of enriched products is calculated. The samples selected according to the results of physicochemical and organoleptic research allow to recommend the developed recipe of wheat bread with the addition of cauliflower powder (8 %), broccoli powder (6 %) and lemon zest (6 %) as an innovative product - wheat bread fortified with dried vegetables.

Use of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in Comparison to AscorbicAcid to Decrease Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome in Broiler Chickens

BACKGROUND: Ascites syndrome is one of the most important metabolic disorders in growing broiler chickens world-wide. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of broccoli in comparison to ascorbic acid on controlling pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broiler chickens. METHODS: A total of 144 one-day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. Each group included 36 chicks with three replicates of 12 birds. Experimental treatments were control, ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg dietary), and two levels of broc-coli (0.5% and 1% dietary broccoli powder). Growth performance, hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, right ventricle to total ventricle weight ratio (RV:TV), serum biochemical factors, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, as well as humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated. RESULTS: Growth performance parameters improved in experimental treatments compared to control, even though it was not statistically significant. The RV:TV ratio in treatment groups was lower than control, and it was significant in ascorbic acid and broccoli 1% (p ≤0.05). H:L ratio decreased in treatment groups than control (p ≤0.05). Nitric oxide and HDL-C levels increased at both broccoli levels than control (p ≤0.05), but LDL-C and triglyceride levels decreased (p ≤0.05). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity were lower and higher in treatment groups than control, respectively (p ≤0.05). There were no significant changes in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed that addition of broccoli to the diet of broiler chickens, through improving anti-oxidant parameters, increasing serum nitric oxide levels, and decreasing blood pressure, blood lipids, RV:TV ratio, and mortality, could be effective to prevent PHS.

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

Sulforaphane in broccoli-based matrices: Effects of heat treatment and addition of oil

There is significant interest in developing high sulforaphane-containing broccoli-based ingredients as sulforaphane has potential for reducing the risk of a number of diseases. Glucoraphanin in broccoli is converted to sulforaphane by myrosinase when the plant tissue is disrupted. The instability of sulforaphane at high temperature and in aqueous environments presents challenges for developing sulforaphane-containing ingredients. Variations in heat treatment conditions of broccoli suspensions, pH, oil addition and storage conditions influenced the level of sulforaphane. The sulforaphane content of aqueous broccoli suspensions as a function of pH (pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0) after a heat treatment (60 °C/5 min) and holding for 4 h at 25 °C were examined. A pH of 5 was optimum for production of sulforaphane. The addition of oil to broccoli suspensions prior to freeze drying retarded the rate of degradation of sulforaphane during storage of powders. There was little difference between degradation rate of sulforaphane in (broccoli-oil) powders made from pH 5 or pH 6 (broccoli-oil) emulsions. There are significant hurdles for the development of high sulforaphane broccoli powders for use as functional food ingredients or supplements.

GSTM1 Deletion Exaggerates Kidney Injury in Experimental Mouse Models and Confers the Protective Effect of Cruciferous Vegetables in Mice and Humans.

GSTM1 encodes glutathione S-transferase μ-1 (GSTM1), which belongs to a superfamily of phase 2 antioxidant enzymes. The highly prevalent GSTM1 deletion variant is associated with kidney disease progression in human cohorts: the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We generated a Gstm1 knockout mouse line to study its role in a CKD model (involving subtotal nephrectomy) and a hypertension model (induced by angiotensin II). We examined the effect of intake of cruciferous vegetables and GSTM1 genotypes on kidney disease in mice as well as in human ARIC study participants. We also examined the importance of superoxide in the mediating pathways and of hematopoietic GSTM1 on renal inflammation. Gstm1 knockout mice displayed increased oxidative stress, kidney injury, and inflammation in both models. The central mechanism for kidney injury is likely mediated by oxidative stress, because treatment with Tempol, an superoxide dismutase mimetic, rescued kidney injury in knockout mice without lowering BP. Bone marrow crosstransplantation revealed that Gstm1 deletion in the parenchyma, and not in bone marrow-derived cells, drives renal inflammation. Furthermore, supplementation with cruciferous broccoli powder rich in the precursor to antioxidant-activating sulforaphane significantly ameliorated kidney injury in Gstm1 knockout, but not wild-type mice. Similarly, among humans (ARIC study participants), high consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with fewer kidney failure events compared with low consumption, but this association was observed primarily in participants homozygous for the GSTM1 deletion variant. Our data support a role for the GSTM1 enzyme in the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and protective metabolites in CKD.

Abstract P158: Sulforaphane Rich Broccoli Powder Attenuates the Augmented Angiotensin II Induced Renal Inflammation and Injury in GSTM1 Deficient Mice

Glutathione- S -transferase μ-1 ( GSTM1 ) enzyme belongs to the superfamily of phase II antioxidant glutathione- S -transferases (GSTs) that are downstream targets of the Nrf2 antioxidant transcription factor. In humans, a common GSTM1 gene deletion variant, the null allele GSTM1(0) , results in decreased or complete absence of GSTM1 enzymatic activity and is associated with higher levels of oxidative stress. We reported that GSTM1(0) is associated with accelerated kidney disease progression in the African Americans Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) participants. To understand the direct impact of GSTM1 deficiency on renal inflammation and oxidative stress, we generated Gstm1 deficient mice (KO) to determine their response to angiotensin II, delivered @ 1000 ng/kg/min for 4 weeks via mini-osmotic pump. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by radiotelemetery. Kidney histopathology was assessed by a renal pathologist blinded to genotype and experimental conditions. Renal leukocyte populations were analyzed quantitatively by flow cytometry. Gstm1 KO mice had significantly higher levels of baseline systolic BP (SBP) and ~ 17 mmHg higher SBP after 4 weeks of Ang II-HTN, compared to WT mice. Gstm1 KO mice have increased renal superoxide levels by nearly 3 folds - independent of activation of Nox2 and Nox4 NADPH oxidases or alteration in superoxide dismutase - and worse kidney injury. These changes were associated with significantly increased renal expression of genes involved in inflammation - chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 ( P <0.05). By flow cytometry, Gstm1 KO mice displayed ~ two fold increases in all leukocyte populations in the kidney, with the exception of the numbers of B cells that were not significantly different between groups. This increased renal inflammation was attenuated by dietary administration of broccoli powder that is rich in sulforaphane, a phytochemical that increases Nrf2 expression, independent of BP. In Ang II-hypertension, loss of GSTM1 enzyme may be deleterious by augmenting oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney. Stimulation of the Nrf2 pathway in hypertension may be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent kidney disease progression in GSTM1 deficiency.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION ON PROCESSED BROCCOLI PRODUCT

The aim of the present investigation was development of an efficient technology for obtaining powders from fresh broccoli; determination of the possibility of using domestic production of broccoli as an import-substituting product; development of regulatory documentation for broccoli powders for the food industry. The research was carried out jointly with the representatives of the Federal Scientific cen-ter of vegetable production on an experimental basis in 2016. The domestic Tonus variety of broccoli (Federal Scientific center of vegetable production) and the Maraton F 1 hybrid (France), differing in appearance, vegetative period, biochemical and physical characteristics were chosen. Technology of broccoli powder production from domestic and imported products was developed using two methods of drying convection and lyophilization. The gentle drying conditions of broccoli freeze drying compared to convective drying technology provided higher content of both vitamin C and polyphenols in the final powder. Comparative studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of powders obtained from domestic and imported broccoli demonstrated close quality parameters, indicating the possibility of effective domestic broccoli utilization and import substitution. For the first time in the Russian Federation, the Organization Standard was developed for regulation of the quality parameters of broccoli powders intended for use in the food industry.

Protective role of Broccoli powder against continuous ingestion of Escitalopram antidepressant drug induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice

<p>To investigate the protective role of broccoli powder “<em>Brassica Oleracea Italica</em>” against continuous ingestion of escitalopram antidepressant drug induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice.</p><p>Mice were divided into different groups. Group1: Normal control (0.9% NaCl), Group 2: Escitalopram drug treated only (20 mg/kg), Group 3: Broccoli powder with Escitalopram drug treated (200 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg), Group 4: Olive oil vehicle control, Group 5: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) referenced as positive control (33 mg/kg), Group 6: Broccoli powder with CCl<sub>4</sub> treated (200 mg/kg + 33 mg/kg). The effect of these groups on liver tissue was studied after three different time periods for 4, 8 and 12 weeks.</p>The results showed that the treatment with escitalopram drug displayed significantly increased serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP level and alter liver antioxidant enzymes level (LPO, SOD and GSH) that are comparable with CCl<sub>4</sub>intoxicated group considered as positive control. Comparing escitalopram drug treated group with group that received both broccoli powder and escitalopram drug displayed a significant decrease in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels and restored the level of antioxidant enzymes. The protective effect of broccoli powder on escitalopram drug induced hepatotoxicity was also supported by histopathological studies.<p> </p>

Radio frequency heating to inactivate microorganisms in broccoli powder

Radio frequency heating to inactivate microorganisms in broccoli powder