Abstract
<p>To investigate the protective role of broccoli powder “<em>Brassica Oleracea Italica</em>” against continuous ingestion of escitalopram antidepressant drug induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice.</p><p>Mice were divided into different groups. Group1: Normal control (0.9% NaCl), Group 2: Escitalopram drug treated only (20 mg/kg), Group 3: Broccoli powder with Escitalopram drug treated (200 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg), Group 4: Olive oil vehicle control, Group 5: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) referenced as positive control (33 mg/kg), Group 6: Broccoli powder with CCl<sub>4</sub> treated (200 mg/kg + 33 mg/kg). The effect of these groups on liver tissue was studied after three different time periods for 4, 8 and 12 weeks.</p>The results showed that the treatment with escitalopram drug displayed significantly increased serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP level and alter liver antioxidant enzymes level (LPO, SOD and GSH) that are comparable with CCl<sub>4</sub>intoxicated group considered as positive control. Comparing escitalopram drug treated group with group that received both broccoli powder and escitalopram drug displayed a significant decrease in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels and restored the level of antioxidant enzymes. The protective effect of broccoli powder on escitalopram drug induced hepatotoxicity was also supported by histopathological studies.<p> </p>
Highlights
Antidepressants are classes of psychotherapeutic drugs that relieve the symptoms of depression
Our results are in agreement with Abdelmajeed [22], Zlatković et al, [23] and Yılmaz [24].The present study of escitalopram drug treated group showed significantly increased SGOT level (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), SGPT level (P ≤ 0.05, P < 0.05, P ≤ 0.01 ), ALP level (P < 0.01, P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.001), lipid peroxidation (LPO) level (P ≤ 0.0001, P ≤ 0.0001, P ≤ 0.0001), significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.001, P < 0.00001, P < 0.00001) and reduced GSH level (P < 0.00001, 0.00001 < P < 0.001) as compared to saline control group after 4, 8 and 12 weeks treatment(Figure 1) respectively.Similar conclusion was reported by CCl4 hepatotoxic group that was considered as positive control
CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity were in agreement with AlHowiriny [26], El-Baz et al [12] and Subramanian [8].The histopathological examination revealed that the escitalopram drug treated group showed severe dilation and congestion of central vein, congested portal vein, mononuclear cell infiltration with hepatocyte necrosis (HN) in close proximity to hepatic vein (Figure 2b, 2c and 2d)
Summary
Antidepressants are classes of psychotherapeutic drugs that relieve the symptoms of depression They were first developed in the 1950s and have been used regularly since [1]. The SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants and are considered as the first-line medications for the treatment of depression and anxiety. They act on a chemical in the brain called serotonin. Consumption of superfoods may reduce the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, diabetes, heart ailments etc Superfood such as broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that belong to the cabbage family Brassicaceae and classified as the Italica cultivar group of the species Brassica Oleracea [8] and [9]. The aim of present work was to investigate protective role of broccoli against continuous ingestion of antidepressant drug induced liver damage in Swiss albino male mice
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