Broader Landscape Research Articles

Co-creating a Transdisciplinary Map of Technology-mediated Harms, Risks and Vulnerabilities: Challenges, Ambivalences and Opportunities

The phrase "online harms'' has emerged in recent years out of a growing political willingness to address the ethical and social issues associated with the use of the Internet and digital technology at large. The broad landscape that surrounds online harms gathers a multitude of disciplinary, sectoral and organizational efforts while raising myriad challenges and opportunities for the crossing entrenched boundaries. In this paper we draw lessons from a journey of co-creating a transdisciplinary knowledge infrastructure within a large research initiative animated by the online harms agenda. We begin with a reflection of the implications of mapping, taxonomizing and constructing knowledge infrastructures and a brief review of how online harm and adjacent themes have been theorized and classified in the literature to date. Grounded on our own experience of co-creating a map of online harms, we then argue that the map---and the process of mapping---perform three mutually constitutive functions, acting simultaneously as method, medium and provocation. We draw lessons from how an open-ended approach to mapping, despite not guaranteeing consensus, can foster productive debate and collaboration in ethically and politically fraught areas of research. We end with a call for CSCW research to surface and engage with the multiple temporalities, social lives and political sensibilities of knowledge infrastructures.

Agricultural grasslands provide forage for honey bees but only when nearby

Knowledge of foraging currencies and costs is important for understanding honeybee food collection economics and to parameterize their foraging behaviors as indicators of habitat quality, which is important in the identification of management targets in human-altered landscapes. Previous research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the relationship between honey bees and important agroecosystems, such as agricultural grasslands. Waggle dance decoding provides a method for resolving these inconsistencies by mapping and quantifying bee recruitment to agricultural grasslands using statistical methods that appropriately account for foraging distance, or cost. Here we decoded 3881 dances across two foraging years to investigate when and where honey bees forage in a mixed-use landscape in Virginia, with a particular interest in honey bee use of agricultural grasslands (pastures and haylands). We initially observe that bees recruited heavily to agricultural grasslands compared to croplands, developed lands and forests, where the percent foraging to that land type was at 30.7% (CI: 29.4–31.8%), and thus significantly higher than its representation in the landscape (c. 23%). Honey bees also recruited heavily to agricultural grasslands across months, with percent foraging ranging from 26.9% (23.5–30.1%) in August to 38.8% (31.3–46.9%) in October. However, when we examined distance-corrected foraging rates, which allowed us to compare land type attractiveness when flight cost is removed, we found that the agricultural grasslands were not more attractive than the broader landscape and were significantly less attractive than, for example, croplands. We additionally identify potential forage gaps in agricultural grasslands during June and August, while also distinguishing them as a possible source of forage in October before colony overwintering in this landscape. Furthermore, we qualitatively observe a hot spot, demonstrating high foraging interest that is composed of agricultural grasslands, developed lands, and croplands and is itself a mixed-use area. Together, these results demonstrate that honey bees utilize heterogeneous land areas and underscore the importance of statistical analyses that incorporate biological knowledge. Lastly, these data will be important in informing future management aimed at pollinators in agricultural grasslands.

The future of work: How innovation and digitalization re-shape the workplace

Research into the "future of work" has become a central concern of scientists, experts and political decision-makers. This special issue addresses this topic and brings together 14 contributions from the fields of business and management. These articles offer new perspectives on the broad scientific landscape surrounding the future of work. The accepted manuscripts are organized into four primary research areas (remote and hybrid work, digital technologies and organizational practices, sustainable human resource management, and the future of organizations, sectors, and labor markets) and six thematic areas (organizational capabilities and culture, organizational performance, individual features, knowledge management, the dark sides of digitalization, and policy implications). The resulting framework serves as the basis for identifying illustrative research questions to guide future research on the future of work.

Influence of annealing temperature on ferroelectric and electromechanical responses of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE-FA) tetrapolymer

We study the influences of the annealing temperatures on the ferroelectric and electromechanical (EM) responses of the relaxor poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene- fluorinated alkyne) (PVDF-TrFE-CFE-FA) tetrapolymer. The results show that only within a narrow annealing temperature window (<10 °C) around 120 °C, the tetrapolymer exhibits a pure relaxor phase and displays the highest EM response. Films annealed outside of this narrow temperature window contain a small amount of local polar-phase mixed with the relaxor phase. These results reveal that the tetrapolymer composition in the study is near a critical transition region between polar (ferroelectric) and non-polar (relaxor) chain condensed state which has vanishingly small energy barriers between different chain condensed state, thus a small electric field generates a large EM response. The films annealed outside of the narrow temperature window have a broad energy landscape that includes both non-polar and polar chain condensed state. Hence, small changes in annealing temperature result in different ferroelectric and electromechanical responses.

Importance of Microalgae and Municipal Waste in Bioenergy Products Hierarchy—Integration of Biorefineries for Microalgae and Municipal Waste Processing: A Review

In the context of global advancements, the imperative of a sustainable energy supply looms large. Biomass, an adaptable and renewable resource, has garnered attention for its potential contributions, although economic uncertainties persist due to the intricate web of processing pathways. In response, the biorefinery concept emerges as a structured strategy to optimize the processing of microalgae and municipal solid waste (MSW), capitalizing on their multifaceted potential to yield diverse end-products. This review underscores the critical significance of a cohesive biorefinery paradigm that unites the processing of microalgae and MSW, unveiling their capacity to generate a spectrum of high-value products. The utilization of mixed-integer linear programming paves the way for an optimal biorefinery model that navigates through complex decisions. Challenges encompass the array of diverse feedstocks and the preliminary nature of data availability. The overarching goal of this research is to discern optimal pathways for the conversion of MSW and microalgae into energy and valuable products, with a focus on enhancing waste utilization and augmenting the energy supply. In the broader landscape, this comprehensive review advances strategies for sustainable energy generation and waste management, invigorating innovative approaches to shape future progress. By illuminating pathways towards maximizing the potential of biomass resources, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy and waste utilization.

Vacillating vaccines: responses to Covid-19 in the United States and South Africa

This article examines the internal pathways of disease transfer within two settler colonies, the United States and South Africa, whilst also considering points of transnational connection in the social, political, epidemiological, religious and cultural responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in these societies. Of particular interest in these case studies are the ways in which alternative responses to the pandemic have unfolded alongside orthodox biomedical interventions, along with their associated effects. These include conspiratorial QAnon claims and their effects on vaccine uptake, the vagaries of ingesting equine medicines and the broader landscapes within which decisions are undertaken regarding lockdowns, re-openings and vaccine hesitancy. Given the limitations on research by participant observation during the pandemic, the evidence for this study was gathered via a combination of analysis of popular culture, which was conducted by a press review, and engagement with the broader historical context within which these dynamics were unfolding.

Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity.

The United Nations recently agreed to major expansions of global protected areas (PAs) to slow biodiversity declines1. However, although reserves often reduce habitat loss, their efficacy at preserving animal diversity and their influence on biodiversity in surrounding unprotected areas remain unclear2-5. Unregulated hunting can empty PAs of large animals6, illegal tree felling can degrade habitat quality7, and parks can simply displace disturbances such as logging and hunting to unprotected areas of the landscape8 (a phenomenon called leakage). Alternatively, well-functioning PAs could enhance animal diversity within reserves as well as in nearby unprotected sites9 (an effect called spillover). Here we test whether PAs across mega-diverse Southeast Asia contribute to vertebrate conservation inside and outside their boundaries. Reserves increased all facets of bird diversity. Large reserves were also associated with substantially enhanced mammal diversity in the adjacent unprotected landscape. Rather than PAs generating leakage that deteriorated ecological conditions elsewhere, our results are consistent with PAs inducing spillover that benefits biodiversity in surrounding areas. These findings support the United Nations goal of achieving 30% PA coverage by 2030 by demonstrating that PAs are associated with higher vertebrate diversity both inside their boundaries and in the broader landscape.

Domain-specific influence on Facebook: How topic matters when assessing influential accounts in four countries

Against the backdrop of rising concern over misinformation and disinformation, a growing number of studies have considered the important role played by influential social media accounts when particular news stories attract attention online—with special attention given to Facebook, the most widely-used social network for news. However, little is known about what kinds of accounts are among the most influential information curators on Facebook, and where news organizations fit into this broader landscape. In this study, we examine how influence on Facebook plays out across different national contexts and different topics. We draw on a unique dataset from CrowdTangle, sampling over a six-month period in 2021 across four countries (Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We compare what kinds of sources (e.g., news organizations, politicians, or other kinds of influential accounts and groups) are among the most influential accounts in each location when it comes to three specific subjects: COVID-19, political leaders in each country, and climate change—which we also compare to general queries that do not specify a subject domain. Our findings show that the types of influential accounts on Facebook vary considerably by subject domain and country. News media accounts are among the largest share of these influential accounts in each country, but not necessarily the types of news media organizations presumed to be most influential offline.

Target-directed microRNA degradation regulates developmental microRNA expression and embryonic growth in mammals.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play critical roles in development and disease. Target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD), a pathway in which miRNAs that bind to specialized targets with extensive complementarity are rapidly decayed, has emerged as a potent mechanism of controlling miRNA levels. Nevertheless, the biological role and scope of miRNA regulation by TDMD in mammals remains poorly understood. To address these questions, we generated mice with constitutive or conditional deletion of Zswim8, which encodes an essential TDMD factor. Loss of Zswim8 resulted in developmental defects in the heart and lungs, growth restriction, and perinatal lethality. Small RNA sequencing of embryonic tissues revealed widespread miRNA regulation by TDMD and greatly expanded the known catalog of miRNAs regulated by this pathway. These experiments also uncovered novel features of TDMD-regulated miRNAs, including their enrichment in cotranscribed clusters and examples in which TDMD underlies "arm switching," a phenomenon wherein the dominant strand of a miRNA precursor changes in different tissues or conditions. Importantly, deletion of two miRNAs, miR-322 and miR-503, rescued growth of Zswim8-null embryos, directly implicating the TDMD pathway as a regulator of mammalian body size. These data illuminate the broad landscape and developmental role of TDMD in mammals.

Unpacking the Broad Landscape of Intraoperative Stressors for Clinical Personnel: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

The main goals of this mixed-methods systematic review are to identify what types of intraoperative stressors for operating room personnel have been reported in collected studies and examine the characteristics of each intraoperative stressor. With a systematic literature search, we retrieved empirical studies examining intraoperative stress published between 2010 and 2020. To synthesize findings, we applied two approaches. First, a textual narrative synthesis was employed to summarize key study information of the selected studies by focusing on surgical platforms and study participants. Second, a thematic synthesis was employed to identify and characterize intraoperative stressors and their subtypes. Ninety-four studies were included in the review. Regarding the surgical platforms, the selected studies mainly focused on minimally invasive surgery and few studies examined issues around robotic surgery. Most studies examined intra-operative stress from surgeons' perspectives but rarely considered other clinical personnel such as nurses and anesthetists. Among seven identified stressors, technical factors were the most frequently examined followed by individual, operating room environmental, interpersonal, temporal, patient, and organizational factors. By presenting stressors as multifaceted elements affecting collaboration and interaction between multidisciplinary team members in the operating room, we discuss the potential interactions between stressors which should be further investigated to build a safe and efficient environment for operating room personnel.

Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation.

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually. We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat. Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Comprehensive plasma genotyping reveals mutational signatures that confer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with advanced lung cancer.

e20505 Background: Targeting actionable mutations with TKI has altered the treatment paradigm for progressive lung cancers. Significant fraction of patients remain unresponsive to TKI due to cooccurrence of activating EGFR mutations (mEGFR) with other driver mutations. Biopsy of the advanced patients is challenging and is often inconclusive due to tumor heterogeneity. Plasma genotyping using a comprehensive gene panel poses a viable alternative to obtain a broad mutational landscape for Tx decisions. Here we demonstrate the clinical utility of our comprehensive gene panel for detecting actionable mutations and novel alterations from advanced lung cancer patients. Methods: Mutational landscape of 82 advanced-stage lung cancer patients was monitored longitudinally using target-hybridization enrichment of ctDNA and FFPE derived genomic DNA (tDNA). Libraries prepared using a custom designed comprehensive gene panel OncoIndx, targeting 600 cancer relevant exons including MSI and HRR pathway genes, sequenced on Illumina platform. Variant calling was performed using an in-house developed bioinformatics pipeline. Results: Cumulatively, 551 mutations from ctDNA (n = 70) and tDNA (n = 12) samples with pathogenic, likely pathogenic and unknown significance were detected. This included SNVs (31.64 %), truncations (44.73%), splice variants (8.73%), frameshift (6 %), CNVs (4.18 %) and indels (2.9 %). Genome-wide alterations conceded low TMB (10-18) and high average HRD (43-45%) scores in ctDNA and tDNA respectively. mEGFR was the most frequently detected alteration (45.12 %), and had comparable occurrence in ctDNA and tDNA. 28 % ctDNA samples with mEGFR co-occurred with targetable ATM, RAD54 or TP53 mutations and had high HRD scores. Other actionable variants of RAS, ALK, ROS, BRAF and MET were primarily detected in ctDNA samples, albeit at low frequency. Surprisingly, 10 % patients with MET alterations that potentiate TKI resistance were concomitant with mEGFR, and showed high genome instability. Single or multiple mutations in HRR pathway genes were detected in 45 % ctDNA samples. Alterations likely to lead therapy resistance were principally observed in ctDNA samples suggesting that liquid biopsy provides elaborate cancer mutation landscape. Conclusions: Monitoring patients longitudinally for the Tx response is highly implicated. Targeted gene profiling of ctDNA detected multiple variants that were inconspicuous in tDNA. We observed a significant enrichment of variants co-occurring with mEGFR, a new finding on ctDNA mutational analysis. Further investigation into this may suggest better treatment strategies to benefit from TKI resistance. Comprehensive plasma genotyping suggests that patients positive for TKI blunting MET, RAS, BRAF mutations with or without mEGFR co-occurrence may benefit from HRD inhibitors in combination with TKI. Clinical trial information: CTRI/2016/08/007149 .

Emerging Trends in the Field of Inflammation and Proteinopathy in ALS/FTD Spectrum Disorder.

Proteinopathy and neuroinflammation are two main hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. They also represent rare common events in an exceptionally broad landscape of genetic, environmental, neuropathologic, and clinical heterogeneity present in patients. Here, we aim to recount the emerging trends in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) spectrum disorder. Our review will predominantly focus on neuroinflammation and systemic immune imbalance in ALS and FTD, which have recently been highlighted as novel therapeutic targets. A common mechanism of most ALS and ~50% of FTD patients is dysregulation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), an RNA/DNA-binding protein, which becomes depleted from the nucleus and forms cytoplasmic aggregates in neurons and glia. This, in turn, via both gain and loss of function events, alters a variety of TDP-43-mediated cellular events. Experimental attempts to target TDP-43 aggregates or manipulate crosstalk in the context of inflammation will be discussed. Targeting inflammation, and the immune system in general, is of particular interest because of the high plasticity of immune cells compared to neurons.

Optimization-based framework for low-voltage grid reinforcement assessment under various levels of flexibility and coordination

The rapid electrification of residential heating and mobility sectors is expected to drive the existing distribution grid assets beyond their planned operating conditions This change will also reveal new potentials through sector coupling, flexibilities, and the local exchange of decentralized generation. This paper thus presents an optimization framework for multi-modal energy systems at the low voltage (LV) distribution grid level. In this, we focus on the reinforcement requirements of the grid and the techno-economic assessment of flexibility components and coordination between agents. By employing a multi-level approach, computational complexity is reduced, and various levels of coordination and flexibilities are implemented. We conclude the work with a case study for a representative rural grid in Germany, in which we observe high economic potential in the flexible operation of buildings, majorly thanks to better integration of photovoltaics. Across all paradigms barring a best-case benchmark, grid reinforcement based on a mix of passive and active measures was necessary. A synergy effect is observed between flexibilities and coordination, as their combination reduces the peaks to the extent of completely avoiding grid reinforcement. The presented framework can be applied with a wide range of grid and component types to outline the broad landscape of future LV distribution grids.

Pitfalls in patenting academic CAR-T cells therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction Emerging immunotherapies are pushing the boundaries of cancer treatment, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy being one of the most advanced. Due to the increasingly crowded CAR-T cell field, patenting and protecting the intellectual property of these CAR-T cells implies a good knowledge of the legal landscape. Areas covered The present manuscript focuses on the challenges regarding the patenting process of CAR-T technology, beginning with a description of the main characteristics of CAR-T cells and their functionalities, continuing with the legal landscape applicable to patenting processes, and concluding by presenting the potential strategies to overcome the impediments that can appear when trying to patent CAR-T cells. It is meant to offer insights for those who are exploring possible patenting options in CAR-T cells territory. PubMed and Patenscope databases were used for patent and literature searching (2013–2023). Expert opinion There is no one-size-fits-all solution in this matter and the medical evolution of this therapy will certainly bring out even more challenges. Comprehensive knowledge of the intellectual property, exposure to potential litigation, growing competition, and the high price of therapy, are strikingly relevant in the broader landscape. Future endeavors would be to take steps toward the harmonization of the CAR-T patenting procedure.

Switching-field and first-order-reversal-curve distribution measurements in magnetic elastomers by molecular dynamics simulations: Accounting for polydispersity.

In this work we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the first-order-reversal-curve distribution and switching-field distribution of magnetic elastomers. We model magnetic elastomers in a bead-spring approximation with permanently magnetized spherical particles of two different sizes. We find that a different fractional composition of particles affects the magnetic properties of elastomers obtained as a result. We prove that the hysteresis of the elastomer can be attributed to the broad energy landscape with multiple shallow minima and caused by dipolar interactions.

Observed and projected functional reorganization of riverine fish assemblages from global change.

Climate and land-use/land-cover change ("global change") are restructuring biodiversity, globally. Broadly, environmental conditions are expected to become warmer, potentially drier (particularly in arid regions), and more anthropogenically developed in the future, with spatiotemporally complex effects on ecological communities. We used functional traits to inform Chesapeake Bay Watershed fish responses to future climate and land-use scenarios (2030, 2060, and 2090). We modeled the future habitat suitability of focal species representative of key trait axes (substrate, flow, temperature, reproduction, and trophic) and used functional and phylogenetic metrics to assess variable assemblage responses across physiographic regions and habitat sizes (headwaters through large rivers). Our focal species analysis projected future habitat suitability gains for carnivorous species with preferences for warm water, pool habitats, and fine or vegetated substrates. At the assemblage level, models projected decreasing habitat suitability for cold-water, rheophilic, and lithophilic individuals but increasing suitability for carnivores in the future across all regions. Projected responses of functional and phylogenetic diversity and redundancy differed among regions. Lowland regions were projected to become less functionally and phylogenetically diverse and more redundant while upland regions (and smaller habitat sizes) were projected to become more diverse and less redundant. Next, we assessed how these model-projected assemblage changes 2005-2030 related to observed time-series trends (1999-2016). Halfway through the initial projecting period (2005-2030), we found observed trends broadly followed modeled patterns of increasing proportions of carnivorous and lithophilic individuals in lowland regions but showed opposing patterns for functional and phylogenetic metrics. Leveraging observed and predicted analyses simultaneously helps elucidate the instances and causes of discrepancies between model predictions and ongoing observed changes. Collectively, results highlight the complexity of global change impacts across broad landscapes that likely relate to differences in assemblages' intrinsic sensitivities and external exposure to stressors.

Implementation of Enhanced Recovery Protocols After Minimally Invasive Surgery in Children: A Multinational Survey Study Among International Pediatric Endosurgery Group and European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Members

Aim: The aim of this multinational survey was to provide insights into individual surgeon's experience with implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs centered on minimally invasive surgery (misERAS) and to identify perceived barriers to utilization of these protocols. Methods: An online survey was conducted between July 2021 and March 2022 on behalf of the International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG) and European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) Research Committees. All IPEG and EUPSA members were contacted by e-mail and asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that included 20 items. Results: Of an estimated 890 IPEG and 800 EUPSA members, 248 completed the survey (14.7%). A minority of respondents (n = 45, 18.1%) stated that misERAS protocols were followed as "utilizing specific ERAS guidelines," whereas 67.3% (n = 167) replied that they were trying to adhere to the basic ERAS principles in their practice. Almost half (n = 117, 47.2%) of the respondents stated that there was an increase in implementation of specific misERAS guidelines over the last 5 years. A lack of education and standardized protocols, lack of support and collaboration, and the existing culture leading to moderate to extreme barriers to misERAS implementation were reported by 25%-40% of respondents. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates that pediatric surgeons from the IPEG and EUPSA communities try to adhere to basic ERAS principles when performing MIS. The major barrier to misERAS implementation is profound lack of education. The fact that only 18% of respondents utilize specific institutional misERAS protocols suggests that at present, ERAS has not found its way into MIS in the broad landscape.

Restoptr: an R package for ecological restoration planning

Ecological restoration is essential to curb the decline of biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide. Since the resources available for restoration are limited, restoration efforts must be cost‐effective to achieve conservation outcomes. Although decision support tools are available to aid in the design of protected areas, little progress has been made to provide such tools for restoration efforts. Here, we introduce therestoptrR package, a decision support tool designed to identify priority areas for ecological restoration. It uses constraint programming—an artificial intelligence technique—to identify optimal plans given ecological and socioeconomic constraints. Critically, it can identify strategic locations to enhance connectivity and reduce fragmentation across a broader landscape using complex landscape metrics. We illustrate its usage with a case study in New Caledonia. By applying this tool, we identified priority areas for restoration that could reverse forest fragmentation induced by mining activities in a specific area. We also found that relatively small investments could deliver large returns to restore connectivity. TherestoptrR package is a free and open‐source decision support tool available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/package=restoptr).

Assessing large landscape patterns of potential fire connectivity using circuit methods

ContextMinimizing negative impacts of wildfire is a major societal objective in fire-prone landscapes. Models of fire connectivity can aid in understanding and managing wildfires by analyzing potential fire spread and conductance patterns. We define ‘fire connectivity’ as the landscape’s capacity to facilitate fire transmission from one point on the landscape to another.ObjectivesOur objective was to develop an approach for modeling fire connectivity patterns representing potential fire spread and relative flow across a broad landscape extent, particularly in the management-relevant context of fuel breaks.MethodsWe applied an omnidirectional circuit theory algorithm to model fire connectivity in the Great Basin of the western United States. We used predicted rates of fire spread to approximate conductance and calculated current densities to identify connections among areas with high spread rates. We compared existing and planned fuel breaks with fire connectivity patterns.ResultsFire connectivity and relative flow outputs were characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the landscape’s capacity to transmit fire. We found that existing fuel break networks were denser in areas with relatively diffuse and impeded flow patterns, rather than in locations with channelized flow.ConclusionsThis approach could be paired with traditional fire behavior and risk analyses to better understand wildfire spread as well as direct strategic placement of individual fuel breaks within larger networks to constrain fire spread. Thus, our findings may offer local- to landscape-level support for management actions that aim to disrupt fire spread and mitigate the costs of fire on the landscape.