Broad Field Research Articles

Mobile application for sending and receiving academic messages

We live in a competitive and globalized world in which innovation is essential for the development of new services and products that favor the generation of value in society. This is the case of education where the integration of information and communications technologies has made possible the innovation of teaching-learning processes, as is the case of the use of mobile devices inside and outside the classroom. However, inevitably, there are still barriers to being able to provide real-time interconnectivity in the educational context. Hence arises the importance of the implementation of mobile devices to revolutionize educational practices that provide optimal education of excellence. This project aims to develop a new modality through the application of mobile devices for smartphones, which allows receiving relevant messages of academic interest for students from teachers and coordinators of a higher education institution, at the same time, allowing that academic coordinators and students have excellent communication in real time in locations far from metropolitan areas. It was developed with a qualitative, transversal methodology and as a research technique, software development using the agile scrum methodology. The evidence found proposes a broad field for research on the use of applications in the educational context and the pedagogical potential of mobile devices in higher education and allows us to propose a broad field for future studies.

Unlocking the Potential of Assisted Hatching in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Narrative Review.

The present study is set in the broad field of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and examines various procedures under assisted hatching (AH). It also reviews their effects on implantation success rates. The primary emphasis is on explaining who has benefited and how many have benefited from these interventions. The most important factor determining the success rate of ART is implantation. To increase these rates, we use AH in our clinics to enhance each embryo's chances at life and substantially improve overall results. This comprehensive review includes various approaches, such as chemical-based measures (such as applying Tyrode's solution) and mechanical techniques (such as zona drilling and partial zona dissection). The individual techniques are carefully scrutinized, considering their mechanical detailing, methods of applying therapeutic effects, and the appropriateness of matching present social circumstances. The review begins by analyzing the basic nature of AH as a medium for embryo implantation and then focuses on how this detailed view reveals the advantages and drawbacks of various methods. Moreover, the articles discuss improvements in AH technology and many of the most modern technological developments that can help fine-tune ART issues. A major problem with these methodologies is that they involve serious risks and legal complications. However, a broad assessment of these topics allows us to understand their impact on fertility treatments. This review is written as a guidebook for physicians and researchers working in reproductive medicine. It compiles all current knowledge, providing literature to build on successes that will make breakthroughs possible in ART. Indeed, this is a valuable reference for guiding us in navigating complex AH procedures. It advances ARTs step by step toward perfection.

Emilie de Geer, kvinnors bildning och läsningens materialitet

Emilie de Geer, Women’s Education, and the Materiality of Reading This article aims to study the reading practices of the Swedish noblewoman Emilie de Geer (1782–1828) of Löfstad Castle, in relation to her intellectual and political interests. The Enlightenment and events such as the French Revolution ignited new political ideas, increased the number of female authors, and gave grounds for discussions on the effect of women reading literature. Hence, women’s reading practice “is the most important arena in which to judge their contributions to social change” (Diaconoff, 2005). All Löfstad women, such as Hedvig Catharina von Fersen (born De la Gardie, 1732–1800), Sophie Piper (born von Fersen, 1757–1816), and Emelie De Geer had close connections to both Swedish and European royal and noble families – the very elite in terms of both culture and politics. The library of Löfstad has never been studied in depth, especially not through questions of gender, women’s reading and writing as a space to cultivate ideas on politics, women’s worth and agency within the social and cultural sphere they inhabited. Thus, this article will contribute to the broad fields of cultural and literary history, shedding new light on Swedish women’s reading practices, intellectual ideas, and political debate during the Enlightenment.

Measurement of distances and locations of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies from CT scans in cases of spinal deformation

BackgroundSpinal deformations, except for acute injuries, are among the most frequent reasons for visiting an orthopaedic specialist and musculoskeletal treatment in adults and adolescents. Data on the morphology and anatomical structures of the spine are therefore of interest to orthopaedics, physicians, and medical scientists alike, in the broad field from diagnosis to therapy and in research.MethodsAlong the course of developing supplementary methods that do not require the use of ionizing radiation in the assessment of scoliosis, twenty CT scans from females and males with various severity of spinal deformations and body shape have been analysed with respect to the transverse distances between the vertebral body and the spinous process end tip and the skin, respectively, at thoracic and lumbar vertebral levels. Further, the locations of the vertebral bodies have been analysed in relation to the patient’s individual body shape and shown together with those from other patients by normalization to the area encompassed by the transverse body contour.ResultsWhile the transverse distance from the vertebral body to the skin varies between patients, the distances from the vertebral body to the spinous processes end tips tend to be rather similar across different patients of the same gender. Tables list the arithmetic mean distances for all thoracic and lumbar vertebral levels and for different regions upon grouping into mild, medium, and strong spinal deformation and according to the range of spinal deformation.ConclusionsThe distances, the clustering of the locations of the vertebral bodies as a function of the vertebral level, and the trends therein could in the future be used in context with biomechanical modeling of a patient’s individual spinal deformation in scoliosis assessment using 3D body scanner images during follow-up examinations.

Challenges in Researching Endangered and Vulnerable Languages in Serbia within the Project “Vulnerable Languages and Linguistic Varieties in Serbia”: Methodological and Ethical Issues

In the paper we define, elaborate and illustrate what language documentation is, firstly by focusing on the global context where the large number of vanishing languages warrants such an approach in applied linguistics, and then by narrowing our scope to the local context of the Republic of Serbia, which itself has a certain number of endangered and vulnerable languages and language varieties. Indicating the discrepancy between official records found in world catalogues and databases (UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, Ethnologue, and The Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat)) and the situation in the field as described by researchers familiar with the local context, we investigate the experiences of a team of researchers currently working on documenting Aromanian, Banat Bulgarian, Vojvodina Rusyn (Ruthenian), Judezmo (Ladino), Romani (Gurbet and Arli varieties), Megleno-Romanian and Romanian (Bayash and Vlach varieties) as endangered and vulnerable languages and language varieties in Serbia. Using interviews as a method for collecting data, conveying the researchers’ experiences in the field and their ways of dealing with various issues that come up in the process of language documentation, we have singled out two broad fields of topics. The first one tackles methodological challenges encountered prior and during field work, whereas the second focuses on ethical issues that necessarily must be resolved due to the participation of human subjects. In terms of the first group of topics, we have focused on research design (considerations involved in the project preparation), sampling (usually relying on researchers’ previous experiences more than on official records), personal involvement (often inevitable, but researchers do present strategies that help them maintain objectivity), and establishing first contact and recruiting informants (which also relies on previous work in the community). As for the second group of topics, that concerns ethical issue, the researchers have discussed the ways of getting informants’ consent for research and how they explain the importance of language documentation for that particular community and its members. Additionally, it addresses the issue of compensation that sometimes occurs, where informants expect either material or other kind of reward for helping out the research team. The paper also discusses how researchers deal with various sensitive topics that may range from personal issues to political opinions, and finally, the ethical responsibility that the researchers have towards the community they are studying in terms of giving something back and providing a sustainable relationship towards the language in question. We conclude by positioning the process of language documentation in the wider field of social studies, indicating its importance not only for sociolinguistics but also for the sociology of language, sociology of ethnicity and other related disciplines.

Signature pedagogies of teacher education in physical education: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Introduction and purpose There is a need for contemporary studies which establish a shared language to further analyze and develop pedagogies in the field of teacher education in physical education (PE). This includes both initial teacher education (PE-ITE) and continuous professional development (PE-CPD), holding the responsibility for preparing pre-service teachers (PSTs) and teacher educators, as well as facilitating the ongoing professional learning of in-service teachers (ISTs) and teacher educators. This study entails a comprehensive scoping review covering the period from 2015 to 2023, encompassing studies within the broad field of teacher education in PE across international contexts, all examined through the perspective of Shulman’s, L. S. (2005. “Signature Pedagogies in the Professions.” Daedalus 134 (3): 52–59) concept of signature pedagogies. The purpose was two-fold: (1): to map the current literature on teacher education in PE (including PE-ITE and PE-CPD for both ISTs and teacher educators), and (2) to propose a preliminary shared language of signature pedagogies of teacher education in PE. Theoretical lens Signature pedagogies refer to the forms of teaching-learning that leap to mind when thinking about the preparation and ongoing learning and development of teachers (i.e. pre-service teachers, in-service teachers and teacher educators; Shulman, L. S. 2005. “Signature Pedagogies in the Professions.” Daedalus 134 (3): 52–59). Signature pedagogies are both pervasive and routine, cutting across topics and courses, programs, and institutions, and are described through three layers of structure – the surface, deep, and implicit. Method The research process was guided by a five-stage framework for conducting a scoping review. In line with the specific purposes articulated above, the research question guiding the review was: What is known from the literature on signature pedagogies of teacher education in PE? The search was restricted to articles published between 2015–2023. Both empirical and conceptual articles (i.e. those with data collection and those without) were included, provided the inclusion criteria were met. A total of 465 articles were included in the review, and the pedagogies identified from each article were co-constructed into themes/categories. Findings and discussion Three signature pedagogies of teacher education in PE across international contexts are identified and presented in terms of their surface, deep and implicit structure, including: (auto)biographical pedagogies, experiential pedagogies, and pedagogies of professional learning. Subsequently, we explore the similarities and differences between each of the three groups of pedagogies and what makes a pedagogy of teacher education in PE distinct from a pedagogy of teacher education more broadly. Conclusion and further research This study offers a preliminary shared language of teacher education pedagogies in the field of PE and is intended to open a dialogue around preparing and supporting pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators in the context of PE. While this review represents an initial step in addressing a gap in the literature by exploring and articulating teacher education pedagogies in PE, there remains a need to analyse their use across teacher education contexts and to consider how this shared language might inform a more intentional practice of these pedagogies within and across teacher education contexts in ways that might ensure more authentic, transformative and equitable teacher education practices in PE.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Socialisation in the Knowledge Society

This paper addresses socialisation in the knowledge society, focusing on the usefulness of socialisation for the knowledge society. In the educational knowledge society, the processes of socialisation are increasingly understood as the accumulation of social and cultural capital, related to the functions of educational development. The aim of the research is to critically perform a comprehensive analysis of socialisation in the knowledge society by carefully examining socialisation, knowledge, knowledge society, knowledge economy, education and social studies. The features, types and stages of socialisation, the concept of knowledge and its types, the consequences of knowledge society, knowledge society as academic concept and stage of development as well as the analysis of socialisation for the knowledge society were thoroughly discussed in this study. The conceptualization of the knowledge society, which emerged between 1940 and 1960, is examined in this paper along with its significance. The knowledge of society's cognitive role structure and the spiritual qualities that influence creativity are discussed as essential components of socialisation. Under the broad technological field, and circumstances of modern knowledge culture, the potential of early socialisation is described by the dynamics of the professional maturation period. In order to understand the substance of modern education in accordance with its cultural mission, the study develops the theoretical groundwork and offers practical justification for socialisation as a concept, which is vital to the growth of the knowledge society. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the governments, political and economic elites, as well as businesses, civil society, news media, and academic communities should embrace the usefulness of socialisation in the knowledge society.

Acid etching-induced nanocutting of LaNiO3 transplanting self-assembled photodiode array-like LaNiO3/N,P-RGO nanoreactor for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Nanoscale graphene-semiconductor composite photocatalysts with fascinating properties in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution have inspired numerous interests in broad research fields. The architectures with efficient light response and promoting charge separation at the interface between reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and semiconductor are critical, yet synthesizing them remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the photodiode array-like LaNiO3/N,P-RGO (LNO/N,P-RGO) nanoreactor was constructed using an innovative strategy of acid etching-induced nanocutting self-assembly. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate working as both a nitrogen phosphorus co-dopant and an acid etching reagent, cuts perovskite LaNiO3 (LNO) nanoparticles into nanorods, which are bonded evenly on the nitrogen phosphorus co-doped reduced graphene oxide (N,P-RGO) to form an n-n semiconductor heterojunction LNO/N,P-RGO as a photodiode array-like nanoreactor via hydrothermal treatment. The photodiode array-like nanostructure exposes more active sites that are conducive to light absorption. The robust Ni-C and P-O bonds promote the narrowing of space-charge region at the interface by UV irradiation, thereby improving the transport of photogenerated carriers by visible light irradiation. The LNO/N,P-RGO nanoreactor exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance with a yield of up to 354 μmol g−1 h−1 under UV–visible light, which is 50 times higher than that of pure perovskite LNO, and it also displays favorable recycling stability.

Efficiently reconstructing high-quality details of 3D digital rocks with super-resolution Transformer

Accurate pore-scale modeling demands high-quality digital rock images, which should possess a broad imaging field of view (FOV) and high resolution to characterize multi-scale rock components. However, achieving both conditions simultaneously is challenging due to hardware constraints. Super-resolution techniques can mitigate this issue by reconstructing high-resolution details from low-resolution images captured with a wide FOV. To reconstruct high-quality 3D digital rocks, we propose a novel Efficient Attention Super-Resolution Transformer (EAST) model. It integrates self-attention and channel attention mechanisms and undergoes structural optimization. Evaluation demonstrates that EAST achieves superior reconstruction quality with a 1.85 × speedup while reducing parameters by 78 % over the advanced model. Additionally, to tailor to the characteristics of digital rocks and the constrained dataset, we employ a hybrid loss function along with two data augmentation techniques. Visualizations reveal that EAST can resist noise and blur interference, highlighting valuable features such as pore edges and textures. Ultimately, we introduce an approach based on self-supervised fine-tuning to enhance the model robustness. Direct flow simulation verifies that the reconstructed results closely align with high-resolution images in terms of physical accuracy. EAST reduces the relative error of the absolute permeability by 18.5 % and 33 % over the Tricubic method on two external samples.

Introducing ‘New Cosmopolitanisms’

In May 2023, the editorial board of Cosmopolitan Civil Societies hosted an online conference on ‘New Conceptualisations of Cosmopolitanism’. Discussions were rich and varied, across two days and several panels. The event was an experiment for the journal. This Special Issue is the result. There are ten papers in this Special Issue, falling into three broad fields of debate: four on themes of cosmopolitics, ethnonationalism and the national state; three on aspects of work, gender and cosmopolitan identification; and three on issues of climate action, land use and environmentalism. The editorial introduction seeks to summarise papers and draw out some common themes for wider debate.

IMPACT OF AI ON BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Business management is a broad field that includes everything from high-level decision-making and goal-setting to personnel supervision, financial management, and operational optimization to ensure that it runs smoothly and produces the desired results. Businesses in a variety of industries depend on effective company management to succeed. AI has a major impact on almost every field whatever it may be, that means education, marketing, banking etc. With so many benefits, artificial intelligence is a key component of corporate management. Enterprises can reap numerous advantages from machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies that enhance their functioning. Organizations may operate more efficiently, quickly, and productively thanks to AI and machine learning technologies. Along with greater monitoring capabilities, new business model expansion opportunities, better customer service, and a decrease in human error, these technologies also have the ability to produce results that are higher quality and more dependable.

Discover how Intro to Psych lessons can help you lead

The American Psychological Association estimates more than 1 million students take Introduction to Psychology annually. Psych 101 syllabi expose college students to dozens of lessons spanning the broad field of psychology.

Highly Ranked Scholars and the influence of countries and regions in research fields, disciplines, and specialties

Abstract The scholarly influence of a country or region can be inferred from its number of exceptional scientists in specific research areas. Using the ScholarGPS database, we provide the first analysis of the number and geographical distribution of Highly Ranked ScholarsTM from a universe of over 30 million scholars in more than 200 countries. The associated influence of nations is reported for 14 broad fields of scholarly pursuit, two disciplines (Chemistry and Computer Science), and three specialties (Artificial Intelligence, Polymer, and Stem Cell). By comparing numbers of Highly Ranked Scholars for the last 5 years to lifetime information, we quantify the growth and decay of the influence of multiple countries and regions and identify those that are emerging in their influence. For the research areas considered here, the United States has the largest recent reduction in influence, whereas China, India, and Iran have increased their influence notably.

Development of a plastic scintillating optical fibers array dosimeter for radiobiology

In this work a detector prototype built as an array of Scintillating Plastic Optical fibers (SPOFs) is presented. The primary aim of this detector is to improve spatial resolution, provide real-time dose mapping and a tissue equivalent detector in radiobiology experiments. Details on the design and construction are provided along with the initial tests carried out using low-energy X-ray and electrons from a 90Sr source. Regarding the design and construction of the detector, the mechanical design of the irradiation box is presented and the Quality Assurance (QA) the optical fiber arrays were subjected to is discussed. The QA measurements show that the alignment of the optical fibers is within acceptable tolerances for dose readout. After the detector assembly, correction factors for each fiber were extracted from tests using a collimated X-ray beam. Special care was taken to ensure that each fiber is submitted to the same dose. Broad field tests show that the measurements are reproducible to within 3 %. Potential innovative features of this system for radiobiological experiments are discussed as well as the future follow-up of the prototype.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education Sector

Abstract: Building intelligent computers that can carry out tasks that traditionally require human intelligence is the goal of artificial intelligence (AI), a broad field of computer science. While there are many different approaches to AI, it is an interdisciplinary discipline, and recent developments in machine learning and deep learning in particular are causing a paradigm change in almost every area of the tech industry. Machines equipped with artificial intelligence are able to mimic or even outperform human brain functions. And as generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Google's Bard proliferate and selfdriving car technology advances, AI is quickly becoming a part of daily life and a field that businesses in every sector are investing in.

Applications of AI

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolution in computer science that will become an integral part of all modern software in the coming years and decades. This situation creates opportunities as well as threats. Artificial intelligence will be used to improve defense and cybercrime. Additionally, new cyberattack techniques have been developed to exploit specific weaknesses in intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is a broad field of computing that enables understanding, reasoning and action. The amount of information created by humans and machines today exceeds the human ability to absorb this information, interpret it and make complex decisions based on it. This article explores the characteristics, uses, development and success of artificial intelligence.

Victoria Chick (1936–2023), a Restless Challenger to Mainstream Economics: An Appreciation§

Abstract In this article on Victoria (Vicky) Chick (1936–2023), we intend to cover the main research areas into which Chick devoted her life’s work. We categorise the contributions into three broad fields. First, her work on Keynes’s General Theory and the message that economists have taken from it since its publication. Chick wrote extensively on the many misinterpretations of the General Theory that have clouded its message. Instead, through her writings, she offered an alternative perspective and interpretative line that became central to the post-Keynesian school of thought. Second, her work on Keynes gave her the starting point for her novel understanding on the monetary nature of the economy and was the inspiration in the development of the banking stages of history approach that shows the evolutionary nature of banking theory and practice. Finally, the way in which The General Theory built its argument and the misinterpretation that many mainstream economists took from it led Chick to develop her methodological approach on open and closed systems of analysis and the importance of developing judgement as part of teaching in economics.

Empirical Models of the Hβ Broad Emission Line Gas Density Field

Abstract We present the second iteration of the caramel-gas code, an empirical model of the broad-line region (BLR) gas density field. Building on the initial development and testing of caramel-gas, we expand the meaning of the model parameter α, which initially represented only the power-law index of the dependency of emissivity on radial distance. In this work, we test a more generalized radial power-law index, α, that also includes a description of the effective emitting size(s) of the BLR structure as a function of radial distance. We select a sample of 10 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from three different Lick AGN Monitoring Project campaigns to further validate the caramel-gas code and test the generalized radial power-law index, α. Our results confirm that the caramel-gas results are in general agreement with the published results determined using the original caramel code, further demonstrating that our forward modeling method is robust. We find that a positive radial power-law index is generally favored and propose three possible scenarios: (i) the BLR structure has increasing effective emitting size(s) at larger radial distances from the central source, (ii) emission is concentrated at the outer edges of the BLR, and (iii) stronger theoretical assumptions are needed to break the degeneracies inherent to the interpretation of reverberation mapping data in terms of underlying gas properties.

Experimental investigation on the effective condenser glass area of solar still hybrid with photovoltaic cells

AbstractSolar desalination is a broad research field in the production of freshwater. The efficiency of the natural conversion solar desalination system is the only limitation to becoming its commercialization. It needs 1 m2 area for getting approximately 4.5 L of fresh water/day. In active methods 1 m2 area of solar still produce yield up to 10 L/day. In this study a new technology of fixing the photovoltaic cell (PV cells) in the natural passive solar still condenser glass to harvest both freshwater as well as electrical power generation is proposed. The experiments were carried out with conventional solar still of a glass surface area of 0.5 m2, still with an effective glass surface area of 0.3812 m2 and 36 PV cells taken up area of 0.1188 m2, and still with effective glass surface area of 0.3020 m2 and 60 PV cells taken up area of 0.198 m2. The study found that conventional solar still produced 2140 mL/day of yield, still with 36 PV cells produced 1380 mL/day of yield and 98 W of electrical power and still with 60 PV cells produced 840 mL/day of yield and 165 W of electrical power. This hybrid system, solar still with PV cells, produce both fresh water and electrical power. The fresh water yield and electrical power generation depends on the effective area of the solar still glass surface area and area occupied by PV cells attached to the solar still glass cover.

MICROTOPONYMS WITH THE FORMANTS -IV (-OV-, -EV-), -YN DERIVED FROM ANTHROPONYMS IN ZHYTOMYR POLISSIA

The territory of Zhytomyr Polissia is rich in toponymic proper names of local significance geographic features. Names ending in -iv (-ov-, -ev-), -yn occupy a prominent place among the studied microtoponyms. Microtoponyms formed with the help of such formants reflect the system of local names of individuals, based on nicknames and personal names. Furthermore, personal names, as the basis for microtoponyms, are significant in terms of being a broad field for the creativity of people, thereby reflecting their worldview. The boundary between the aforementioned types of anthroponyms is often blurred since all lexemes that are now proper names of individuals could have functioned as common nouns in the past. Today, a surname is semantically neutral, as it is merely the name of a person inherited from an ancestor, indicating a characteristic feature of that ancestor. Therefore, in this article, our goal is to review and characterize the semantics of anthroponyms that motivated the formation of possessive models of microtoponyms with the formants -iv (-ov-, -ev-), -yn. A significant group consists of microhydronyms based on diminutive forms of Christian names, such as Vakulkova, Hrytskiv Luh, Yemilchyne, Klymkove, Kostykove, Levkove, Mykolaichykove, Natalchyne, Onyskove, Opanaskove, Petrykove, and so on. Informative are microtoponyms derived from anthroponyms, indicating the origin or place of residence of their owners (Lytvynova, Polyachkove) and personal names, indicating social affiliation or a person's permanent occupation or profession (Bosiakove, Holiakova, Diakova, Kovalova, Ksiondzove, Tsariv Lisok, Shevtseva Nyva and so on). The weighty category of nicknames, derivatives for local microtoponyms, consists of those characterizing a person by their appearance, physical features, and temperament: Zhmakove, Matloshove, Morhunove, Pospishylove, Psiurove, Strakhiv, Tsiupove, Shlapakove. These anthroponyms are interesting because the nicknames indicate the most prominent characteristic of a person, whether physical or moral (often exaggerated). Overall, the anthroponymy of Zhytomyr Polissia that motivated the formation of microtoponyms, despite conforming to common Ukrainian features, reflects dialectal and territorial characteristics of local names of geographic objects.