Video Broadcasting System Research Articles

Proposal for Improving White-Space Channel Availability

A major concern in implementing white-space technology in a television broadcasting system is the ability of the system to provide information about the vacant channels while guaranteeing protection to its primary users. Moreover, in the developing countries, the allocation of television broadcasting channels is not as good as that in the developed countries. Therefore, there is a high possibility of overlaps between the digital television terrestrial coverage areas and white-space areas. Herein, we propose a method involving the use of four zones—prohibited, strict, moderate, and loose (PSML)—to model the television white-space system. We use a television coverage area that has less than 70% location probability to accommodate the possibility of overlaps between the white space and the protection areas. We also propose a protection ratio value to complement the standard given by the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) for countries implementing the digital video broadcasting system (DVB-T2). We conduct a test to analyze the implementation of the proposed PSML method in Bali Island, Indonesia. The results show that our model can provide more white-space channels than the models proposed by Villardi and the FCC when applied to transition areas between urban and rural regions.

Area-Optimized Fully-Flexible BCH Decoder for Multiple GF Dimensions

Recently, there are increasing demands for fully flexible Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) decoders, which can support different dimensions of Galois fields (GF) operations. As the previous BCH decoders are mainly targeting the fixed GF operations, the conventional techniques are no longer suitable for multiple GF dimensions. For the area-optimized flexible BCH decoders, in this paper, we present several optimization schemes for reducing hardware costs of multi-dimensional GF operations. In the proposed optimizations, we first reformulate the matrix operations in syndrome calculation and Chien search for sharing more common sub-expressions between GF operations having different dimensions. The cell-based multi-m GF multiplier is newly introduced for the area-efficient flexible key-equation solver. As case studies, we design several prototype flexible BCH decoders for digital video broadcasting systems and NAND flash memory controllers managing different page sizes. The implementation results show that the proposed fully-flexible BCH decoder architecture remarkably enhances the area-efficiency compared with the conventional solutions.

Distributed and Adaptive Analog Coding for Video Broadcast in Wireless Cooperative System

Recently, some analog joint source-channel coding (AJSCC) schemes have been proposed to deal with cliff effect in wireless video broadcasting system. And wireless video broadcast with user cooperation tends to be a promising way to improve broadcast video quality in the near future. In this paper, we introduce a distributed and adaptive analog coding scheme called ACVC (adaptive cooperative video coding) based on AJSCC and with the concept of coset coding in distributed source coding, to improve the overall video broadcast quality in wireless cooperative system. Particularly, an adaptive packet discarding module is introduced to the framework to avoid video quality deterioration under severe channel conditions. And a model for quantization step selection of coset coding is built to minimize the redundancy in the cooperative signal and improve the anti-noise ability of the video. The experimental results show that, ACVC has stronger adaptability and thus obtains higher quality of broadcasted video than existing wireless cooperative schemes in the literature under different channel conditions.

PAPR effect remedy in OFDM-based wireless systems

An enhancement proposition for a Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T) systems is discussed in this work. DVB-T physical layer uses a powerful technique namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique, which has been used to combat the channel’s effect. However, it has a major drawback that degrades its efficiency; namely Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Two criteria have been used for this purpose; BER curves and CCDF curves in order to distinguish the powerfulness of those propositions in reducing the PAPR effect. In fact, a powerful special averaging technique results are compared to previously published propositions, namely based on wavelet transformations and the one that is based on the pulse width modulation. A mathematical model has been drawn in order to check both of the CCDF and the BER curves, and simulated at same channel limitations and specifications. The proposition gives extra 35% noise immunity over our previously published work that is based on entropy wavelet, and an enhancement of over 25% from the CCDF point of view in combatting the PAPR. Furthermore, a complexity reduction has been attained by decreasing the side information transmission in compared with the work in the literature.

Complexity and Adaptive System of Television Broadcasting: The Reflection of Autopoetic Mechanism of Indonesian Television Broadcasting System

This article aims to describe a model of a robust adaptive system which suits the context of situation in Indonesian as an archipelago, as well as developing and democratic values-based country. It mainly focuses on how the autopoetic mechanism in Indonesian television broadcasting system is. Autopoetic mechanism is self-reference orientation. The process in which the system orient to reduce their problem by building the internal structure to cope with it. The research process was done in 2014 until 2016. Methods applied in this research is qualitative research. Several methods that were employed are observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. It would be measured and analysed with three aspects: communication, temporal and differentiation aspect. The findings suggest that building a robust system means establishing a “strong and adaptive” broadcasting system in Indonesia that strengthens each sub-system in the Indonesian broadcasting system in order to capture what the public demands. In this level it takes a comprehensive view of the decision-makers to design a broadcasting system that continues to answer the demanding environment through its communication function, growing temporal through continuous evolution and develop functions through a process of differentiation. If these three functions can work continuously, Indonesian broadcasting system will be stronger and more adaptive with their complex external environment. The main argument of this paper is Indonesian Broadcasting System faces a very complex environment television, however their adaptive and autopoetic mechanism is still weak to cope with the challenges.

KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA RADYO TELEVİZYON ÜST KURULUNUN TELEVİZYON YAYINCILIĞINA YAKLAŞIMI; ULUSAL YAYIN YAPAN TELEVİZYON KURULUŞLARI ÖRNEKLEMİNDE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ

The regulation of radio and television broadcasting and control issues is one of the major subject of discussions in the broadcasting field. In today’s internationally scaled broadcasting that is being performed in various mediums, discussions about broadcasting further expanded and grew because of diversified viewer expectations and increasingly scrutinized rules of supervision. The tendency to deregulate the radio and television broadcasting system is trending and the necessity of new arrangements towards this goal is defended on various grounds. Conditions for private radio and television broadcasting in Turkey is also the same. However, the government’s certain habits coming from the past is still continued even though the general views on regulations regarding radio and television broadcasting follows the same trend in developed countries. The section that regulates the broadcasting principles of radio and television of the 6112 law in force is full of examples demonstrating the governments outdated approach. The selection procedures of members of the Supreme Council of Radio and Television is also another indication of the government’s desire to carry on state control on broadcasting. This study is designed as a research to identify and check the validity of these and similar views with data. For this purpose, decisions issued by the Supreme Council of Radio and Television regarding the 6112 law are compiled and analyzed. The compiled data which is bounded to ten national television broadcaster organizations have been tabulated and analyzed.

Hawkeye: Cloud Computing Based Automated Video Error Detection in Real-Time

With the rapid development of video surveillance and broadcast systems monitoring the video quality becomes an important aspect to assure a better quality of service. Error detection is an important technique to measure the quality of videos transmitted over the unreliable network. With the advent of HDTV previously subtle errors in videos are becoming more prominent. In this paper, we want to propose a next generation cloud-based video error detection system using image/video processing technology for making the detection process real-time. At first, we introduce an automatic video error detection method and then propose a cloud computing platform. Finally, we integrate error detection method with cloud computing platform named Hawkeye to achieve a real-time video error detection system which ensures contents integrity and minimizes testing time and efforts required to keep ahead of other conventional quality check system. Extensive experiments on prominent datasets and telecasted videos show that the proposed algorithm is very much efficient to detect errors for video broadcast and surveillance applications in terms of computation time and the detection of distorted frames.

Performance Analysis of Video Transmission Using Sequential Distortion Minimization Method for Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial

This paper presents about the transmission of Digital Video Broadcasting system with streaming video resolution 640x480 on different IQ rate and modulation. In the video transmission, distortion often occurs, so the received video has bad quality. Key frames selection algorithm is flexibel on a change of video, but on these methods, the temporal information of a video sequence is omitted. To minimize distortion between the original video and received video, we aimed at adding methodology using sequential distortion minimization algorithm. Its aim was to create a new video, better than original video without significant loss of content between the original video and received video, fixed sequentially. The reliability of video transmission was observed based on a constellation diagram, with the best result on IQ rate 2 Mhz and modulation 8 QAM. The best video transmission was also investigated using SEDIM (Sequential Distortion Minimization Method) and without SEDIM. The experimental result showed that the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) average of video transmission using SEDIM was an increase from 19,855 dB to 48,386 dB and SSIM (Structural Similarity) average increase 10,49%. The experimental results and comparison of proposed method obtained a good performance. USRP board was used as RF front-end on 2,2 GHz.

A Novel Design and Modeling of UEP-Based Compressed Video Broadcasting With Multilevel Coded Modulation

A novel coded modulation system design that maximizes the average quality of multimedia data, received by a given set of target users, is proposed for compressed video broadcasting based on unequal error protection. An integrated source and channel coding system with graceful degradation is introduced, where the multilevel coded modulation (MLC) with capacity-approaching codes is combined with an existing source compression technique. By assigning critical information that is required for decoding compressed data to the levels of MLC with higher reliability, we demonstrate that graceful degradation can be naturally incorporated into practical video broadcasting systems. Furthermore, a new measure of achievable average receiver quality, i.e., the quality of the received videos averaged over the users located within the coverage area of a given broadcasting service, is introduced. Based on the proposed measure, an optimal rate allocation algorithm for MLC, utilizing the code rate design based on channel capacity rule, is developed. In the case of MPEG-4 video coding, our numerical results reveal that a well-designed MLC system can achieve higher average quality experienced by target users than the conventional coded modulation as well as hierarchical modulation systems for a given coverage area.

Creating interactive video broadcasting system for VBLHEP

The article describes the creation of a web service, which combines the possibility of organizing video broadcasts and video conferences for the VBLHEP, JINR events. Software and hardware components used for the organization of video streaming and video conferencing are presented.

The Design and Performance Analysis of DTMB System

Various standard in digital television broadcasting system has been developed in the world, one of which is the Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting, or abbreviated as DTMB that currently used by China and Hong Kong. DTMB has several standard configurations and parameters. In this research, DTMB system was designed and the results was validated through simulation using computer program, named Simulink. The parameters used in this research is the FEC with code rate of 0.4, 4QAM modulation, interleaver mode 1 and using a single carrier transmission mode. Stream format used in the simulation was MPEG2-TS as the input for DTMB system. Parameters selection was based on low implementation complexity, but with good results. Two important things in DTMB system is the existence of FEC and TDS-OFDM. FEC consists of cascaded BCH as the outer encoder/decoder (codec) and LDPC as the inner codec. The reason of using TDS-OFDM because it provides better picture quality when the receiver is in motion. The test results have shown that for static video, DTMB was able to receive video with identical quality compared to the original video, when the value of SNR=11dB and SNR=12dB for dynamic video. It is shown that after going through the process from LDPC to BCH, the number of bit errors decreased while the value of SNR increased.

Identifikasi Pengaruh Lintasan-Jamak pada DVB-T2 Berdasar Uji Penerimaan Siaran

In many countries, migration from analog to digital in television (TV) broadcasting technology is being in progress. Indonesia has adopted DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial Second Generation) as the standard of free-to-air digital TV (DTV) broadcasting system. Frequency selective fading due to multipath propagation affects the reception of this terrestrial radio communication system. This paper presents those effects on reception of DVB-T2 signal from the Yogyakarta transmitting stations. The presence of these effects were identified experimentally, based on several received-signal describing quantities obtained from some field-observations on indoor/outdoor stationary/mobile receptions. Examples of these quantities are spectrum flatness measurement (SFM), signal quality (SQ) versus signal intensity (SI), power level (P) versus carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), CNR versus modulation error ratio (MER), local variation of reception-success, and received data packet. Several numerical examples are: (1) SFM achieved as high as about 0.7 and 0.9 for indoor and outdoor, respectively, and (2) spatial-probability of reception-success at an indoor receiver location varied from 40,06 % to 81,85 %, approximately.

Design and implementation of high throughput FPGA-based DVB-T system

In this paper, an efficient implementation of high throughput Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) system based on the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation for terrestrial links is proposed. The proposed architecture uses an improved optimization methods to obtain high speed system. To verify the efficiency of this system a DVB-T simulator in MATLAB matched with European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is used to investigate the hardware design performance. The joint simulation of Xilinx ISE and MATLAB was performed including information framing, channel coding, and modulation. Also, a systematic design procedure based on FPGA for the proposed DVB-T system is presented and the results are reported. Hardware implementation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and show that there is a good match between fixed-point implementations and floating-point simulations, while the high-throughput architecture is achieved in hardware implementation using the speed optimization methods in the design.

Optimal Beam Steering for Maximal Visual Quality Over a Multimedia Broadcasting System

Various types of multimedia services have become prominent over the last few years leading to difficulty in providing high-quality broadcast multimedia services in certain shadowing regions without resource management in accordance with specific channel adaptation. In order to overcome this difficulty, return channel design has been actively discussed in broadcasting standards for broadcasting systems. Context-aware multimedia services have been developed by adapting radio resources according to service type. In order to forward this goal, we propose a beamforming technique to optimize spatial resources in order to maximize visual quality for video broadcasting services. In order to enhance the video broadcast service, we derive expected visual information (EVI) that quantifies the visual quality of video and adapt the EVI into multiple-input and multiple-output beamforming techniques in a video broadcast system. In order to guarantee the proportional fairness of broadcast users, we propose a novel beam steering algorithm using the log-EVI sum maximization, and compare it to the traditional channel-quality-based max–min problem. The beam-steering algorithm is performed iteratively while switching the bases, which constructs a beam steering weight vector domain. In the simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has less computational complexity than conventional algorithms, and the visual quality of the proposed algorithm is enhanced over that of the traditional quasi-optimal max–min fairness algorithm.

ATSC 3.0 Next Generation Digital TV Standard—An Overview and Preview of the Issue

The Advanced Television Committee (ATSC) has been working on the next generation broadcast television system, known as ATSC 3.0, to replace the first-generation (ATSC 1.0) A/53 standard, the basic component technologies of which have been in use for 20 years.

Comparison of Terrestrial DTV Systems: ISDB-TB and DVB-T2 in 6 MHz

The present paper completely discusses the ISDB-TB and the DVB-T2 systems. There are demonstrated the differences and similarities since BTS data entrance to ISDB-TB as well T2-MI to DVB-T2, up to base band generation. Tests for both broadcast television systems have been performed using 6 MHz of bandwidth. The tests procedure in laboratory used TOV (Threshold of Visibility) criteria under different transmission's parameters to ISDB-TB and DVB-T2. It was analyzed the TV interferences as sensibility performance, C/N threshold, Impulsive Noise and Multipath.

Multi-windows Threshold-based Frame Synchronization in Variable Coded Modulation Service

In this paper, an innovative and reliable frame synchronization scheme is proposed for second generation digital video broadcasting (DVB-S2) system in Variable Coded Modulation (VCM) service. Frame synchronization in VCM suffers many difficulties from large frequency offset, extremely low SNR and variable physical layer frame (PLFRAME) lengths. To cope with variable PLFRAME lengths, multi-windows are proposed and utilized. Multi- windows threshold-based search algorithm is presented with theoretical analysis to decrease the missed detection probability. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is more robust and reliable than the existing approaches, especially in low signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and large frequency offsets.

Presentation an effective algorithm to attack Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA) in digital video broadcasting (DVB) system

Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA) is used for encoding the video streams in video player broadcasting system. For a more security margin, this algorithm is as a cascade combination of stream and block cipher. Common Scrambling Algorithm has been secure against the classic attacks, while it has been vulnerable against the side-channel ones. One of side-channel attacks on Common Scrambling Algorithm in the digital video broadcasting (DVB) will be studied in this paper. Descrambling the block part of this algorithm, the common key for the whole algorithm is gained. With this, a general approach for a high security encoding against the side-channel attacks is provided.

Next-Generation Broadcast Television: ATSC 3.0 [Standards in a Nutshell

Although the current digital terrestrial broadcast system (now referred to as ATSC 1.0) is widespread and quite successful, the basic component technologies have been in use for 20 years. Technology has evolved and viewer expectations have changed. Television broadcasters are under increasing pressure, due to regulatory and spectrum issues, as well as increasing competition for the viewer?s attention. For these reasons, the Advanced Television Committee (ATSC) has been working on the next-generation broadcast television system, known as ATSC 3.0.

Evaluation Broadcasting Video Signals by Wireless Network Parameters between Client/Server

This paper focuses on designing and implementing a system for recently emerging video transmission by wireless networks parameters. Such parameters are considering packet loss rate, bandwidth and delay, as well as the quality of server (QoS), which eventually contributed to the user's the quality of experience (QoE). The signals of the captured video by cameras send to the server-host then to be displayed and broadcasted to the client-host. This system overcomes the several problems as: delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth by resources and destinations through controlling the permissions and broadcasting, as well as to the monitoring the configuration of the system during broadcasting. The advantage of this system is to improve application software to be used in a friendly use with as maximum as possible of flexibility and full optional controlling to get complete features of the video broadcasting systems. The system controls the problems of delay, loss rate and bandwidth between source and destination, through controlling the permissions, broadcasting and monitoring when configuration of the system during broadcasting. The synchronization between two sides of the wireless network was achieved when incoming signals from the cameras to the server-side and broadcasting these signals to the client-side. Eventually this system enables the administrator to monitor the dataflow from server-side to client-side and apply compressing with many compression techniques on the incoming and broadcasted signals.