Standard Broadcast Research Articles

Fungsi Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia terhadap Pelanggaran Siaran Televisi

Broadcasting through television media is an effective and efficient way to convey information, education and inspiration to the public or society. The information that is presented must have been packaged in such a way that it is interesting to display. However, in practice, there are frequent violations of television broadcasting, especially violating broadcasting code of conduct and broadcast program standards. For this reason, this study aims to determine the regulation of television broadcasts in Indonesia, and to determine the sanctions for violations of television broadcasting. The research method used is normative research with several problem approaches, namely the conceptual approach and the statutory approach. Sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Based on the research that has been done, it shows that the regulation of television broadcasts carried out by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission is expected to be able to regulate broadcasts so that they do not deviate from broadcast corridors that are in accordance with sound broadcast standards or categories and are able to provide inspiring information and education to the public watching the broadcast. The imposition of sanctions for stations that violate must also be firmer and have a deterrent effect so that the same incident does not occur again. For this reason, it is better if the government, television stations, and the community must work together to create healthy broadcasts not only based on ratings and material benefits, but must be based on the concept of healthy and inspiring education among the public.

TDS-OFDM based Digital Television Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting Standards

As the most popularly utilized broadcasting network, digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) can provide multimedia information coverage for the broad audience in a very efficient way because of its characteristic of wide-range coverage and mobile reception ability. After promulgating the first generation DTTB standard, digital terrestrial/television multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), in 2006, China began to research and develop the next generation DTTB standard, namely DTMB-advanced (DTMB-A), aiming to support higher spectrum efficiency and further improve transmission reliability. In 2019, DTMB-A was accepted by ITU as the second generation international DTTB standard (as System C). Similar to DTMB, time-domain synchronous - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) based multi-carrier modulation scheme is adopted by DTMB-A. Thanks to the more flexible frame structure, advanced error correction coding and improved constellation mapping, DTMB-A offers 30% higher transmission capacity than DTMB under the same transmission conditions. Thus, DTMB-A can support both fixed and mobile reception more efficiently, and provide users with higher quality services such as ultra-high definition television (UHDTV). This paper first gives details of key technologies at the transmitter of DTMB/DTMB-A and introduce core algorithms at the receiver. Both laboratory test and field trial results will then be provided and analyzed, especially for the application of 4K UHDTV and single frequency network (SFN).

Broadcast control of multi-robot systems with norm-limited update vector

This article addresses a problem in standard broadcast control framework which leads to an unstable solution in a certain motion-coordination task. First, the unstable phenomenon in a certain motion-coordination task is illustrated using standard broadcast control framework. This issue calls for modification to the standard broadcast control framework by limiting the norm of the update vector of robots’ positions into a constant value. Then, we demonstrate that the modified broadcast controller achieves the convergence with the probability of 1. Finally, we illustrate in numerical simulations that the modified broadcast controller can effectively solve the instability issue and also may improve the convergence time as compared to the standard broadcast controller.

Integrated Antenna for the Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital Video Broadcasting by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system is one of the high - definition radio with the ability to provide high audio quality and data - based services for stationary and mobile receivers. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is the popular broadcasting standards that enable handheld receivers to receive high definition digital television transmissions. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is a digital multi – carrier modulation technique intend offers high spectral efficiency. The main aim set is to arrive as an efficient unified system for multipurpose wireless system that would cater to all existing standards. This paper presents the unified approach for designing an integrated antenna for DAB and DVB using OFDM system. In this paper DAB and DVB using OFDM system is designed individually and their performance is measured by Bit Error Rate (BER). Integrated antenna for DAB and DVB using OFDM system is designed and simulated radiation patterns are presented. The proposed unified approach produces the better BER performance and better gain as compared to individual standard design.

Integrated DVB-X2 Receiver Architecture with Common Acceleration Engine

This paper proposes an integrated DVB-X2 receiver architecture to support multi-mode broadcasting standards such as DVB-T2, DVB-C2, and DVB-S2 in a single platform. The entire system consists of a tuner block, a H/W-based receiver engine, a frame processor, and an A/V decoder. Specifically, an integrated architecture to solve key design and technical issues such as reducing the complexity of the receiver, efficiently accessing the H/W-based receiver engine, and simplifying an OFDM demodulator is proposed. The H/W-based receiver engine for DVB-X2 demodulation and channel decoding functions is implemented in two FPGA devices. The frame processor is implemented with 256 MB memory and a DSP operating at a clock speed of 1.0 GHz. To verify functionalities of the proposed DVB-X2 receiver, various test scenarios were considered in the laboratory setting. In particular, the proposed system was tested under various operating modes, as specified in standards such as DVB-T2, DVB-C2, and DVB-S2, and demonstrated successful operations in all test scenarios.

Object-Audio Capture System for Sports Broadcasting

Object-audio workflows for traditional flat broadcasts have recently appeared after the introduction of new audio formats, such as MPEG-H and Atmos. These formats enable the creation of object-based mixes that can be dynamically rendered by the end user depending on their reproduction hardware. Until very recently, only post-produced content was being created for these formats, but new broadcast standards in the U.S. and Asia, as well as new hardware encoding engines, have made live sports production in these formats more feasible. These formats allow for a fuller, more immersive sound design and allow for some possibilities of personalization. The issue then arises on how to capture live action from the field that would provide these object-audio workflows with the desired isolated sounds and accompanying metadata. Current capture systems provide a suboptimal amount of isolation from the crowd to highlight individual action sounds and dialog from the field. Also, in most cases, placing traditional microphones near the action is not possible. In this paper, we present new microphone techniques and systems enabling better performance for sound capture that fulfill the needs of future object-audio broadcast formats. This includes beamforming techniques, automatic steering, and systems management of microphone arrays.

PENGAWASAN KOMISI PENYIARAN INDONESIA DAERAH PROVINSI RIAU TERHADAP LEMBAGA PENYIARAN BERLANGGANAN MELALUI KABEL (STUDI KASUS TV KABEL ILEGAL DI KOTA PEKANBARU)

This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of the Supervision Of The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Regional Of Riau Towards Subscription Broadcasting Institutions Via Cable (Case Study Of Illegal Cable Television In Pekanbaru). The supervisory assessment indicators used include direct supervision and indirect supervision. This type of research located in the office of the The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Regional Of Riau is a descriptive survey, which prioritizes questionnaires as a tool for collecting data and data collected with this tool and then becomes the main raw material for analyzing empirical conditions and objectivity of the existence of research objectives at meticulous locations. There are 3 population groups and the sample in this study is the commissioner of the Riau Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, totaling 7 people’s. The leaders of Cable Television Subscription Broadcasting Institutions, totaling 15 people’s, and the cable Television customer community in Pekanbaru City, totaling 30 people’s. The sample size determined from these three groups is 52 people’s. The two sampling techniques used in assigning individual samples are census techniques for the commissioner population of The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Regional Of Riau and incidental techniques for the community population of Cable Television customers. The types and data collection techniques used consist of, primary data collected using questionnaire list techniques and interviews and secondary data collected using observation techniques. While the data analysis technique used is by using a frequency table tool. Based on this analysis technique the researcher assessed and concluded that the Supervision Of The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Regional Of Riau Towards Subscription Broadcasting Institutions Via Cable (Case Study Of Illegal Cable Television In Pekanbaru) was at a fairly intensive assessment interval. Recommendations that need to be considered are completing a comprehensive database related to the Cable Television industry in Pekanbaru City, making technical instructions for implementing internal sensor devices for Cable Television, regulating broadcasting infrastructure in Pekanbaru City, and socializing the application of Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and Standard Broadcast Programs for Subscription Broadcasting Institutions Cable Television.

A Novel Reconfigurable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Transceiver

As the world moves toward 3G/4G there is a need for high data rate and relatively wide bandwidths. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) a form of multicarrier modulation technique is widely used to achieve high speed efficient data transmission at the rate of several Mbps. It is used in Wi-Fi standards like 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac, broadcast standards like Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) and cellular telecommunications standard LTE. The main advantage of OFDM compared to single carrier modulation is their robustness to channel fading in wireless environment, high baud rates and less inter symbol interference. One major disadvantage is its High PAPR. PTS partial transmit sequences (PTS) and selective mapping are proposed to reduce it. Since FFT is core block of OFDM it must be able to adapt itself to ever changing digital world. A function specific reconfigurable 2k SDF (Single path delay feedback) FFT is proposed. It utilizes less power and can be configured for different FFT sizes ranging from 16-point to 1024-point. The validity and efficiency of the architecture have been verified by simulation in hardware description language VERILOG and targeted on Virtex-6 device. Finally PAPR is estimated by MATLAB simulation.

Компетентність та ідентифікація експертів у контексті дотримання стандартів збалансованості та достовірності інформації

The urgency of the research of the issue related to implementation of journalistic standards by TV broadcasters in Ukraine is due to rapid development of information TV channels. These TV channels work in the format of conversation, when during broadcasting the audience can hear the thoughts of experts in order to implement the standards of opinions and views. At the same time the Ukrainian news journalism not always maintain the standards of information broadcasting. Along with this the standards of balance and reliability, separation of facts from opinions, completeness, accuracy and reliability of information are outlined most often in the editorial statutes of TV companies. When analyzing the issue related to implementation of journalistic standards mentioned above, the author draws attention to the question of involvement of the experts into TV programs. The standard of balance of information or views and opinions means that all speakers can be heard on the conflict-related issues, in particular, those experts who have different point of views on the certain problem. The most part of things happening in Ukraine and in the world demands highly qualified comments from the specialists who are competent in the relevant issues. Such comments will ensure the standards of information broadcasting and the audience’s rights to obtain unbiased information. Consequently it is concluded that captioning of experts that determines their duties, organizations or businesses they represent cannot be considered as advertisement. This information must be regarded as implementation of the standards of information reliability.

DA-PMHT for Multistatic Passive Radar Multitarget Tracking in Dense Clutter Environment

Multistatic passive radar exploits illuminators of opportunity such as radio or television stations for tracking airborne targets. This paper focuses on broadcast signals in a single frequency network modulated according to the digital audio/video broadcasting (DAB/DVB) standards. The main challenge is that one has to solve the measurement-to-illuminator association ambiguity in addition to the conventional measurement-to-target association ambiguity, which increases data association complexity greatly. In this paper, to solve the additional measurement-to-illuminator data association ambiguity, a novel deterministic annealing probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker based on the extended Kalman filter is proposed. The proposed algorithm works directly in the original three-dimensional Cartesian space, and can efficiently handle a large number of association hypotheses among the targets, measurements, and illuminators in a natural way, also it is computationally attractive. As the angular measurement is not available or often of extremely poor quality, this paper assumes measurements of bistatic range and range rate and does not process bearing information. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm works reasonably well in dense clutter environment for multistatic passive radar system.

“Openness through Sound”: Dualcasting on Irish LGBT Radio

This article explores how Ireland’s first LGBT radio station, Open FM, attempted to offer LGBT radio in a heteronormative media landscape. It uses semi-structured interviews with two of the stations founders as well as posts from online LGBT message bulletin boards to argue how Open FM ultimately became ambivalent about its LGBT status and adopted a dualcasting strategy. Despite its ambitions to be a community-led radio station for Ireland's LGBT community, the dualcasting strategy of the station framed many of its endeavors between the mainstream standards of radio broadcasting and the community of interest that their licence claimed to serve.

AUTOMATIC DISH ANTENNA POSITIONING SYSTEM

Dish antenna positioning is very important for getting broadcast signals from a satellite. If the dish position is adjusted manually, it becomes difficult to align it at the best possible position. In order to achieve the best possible position of the dish we can rotate the dish using remote operation and automatically . The main aim of this project is to control a dish position automatically, which is capable of receiving the standard broadcast signals from the satellite. According to maximum signal strength dish will rotate automatically. It will rotate horizontal as well as vertical direction.So in order to overcome the difficulty of adjusting manually, this proposed system helps in adjusting the position of the dish through an Android application device or bluetooth. Android application may be achieved by any smart- phone/Tablet etc.General Terms: Microcontroller, power meter

A new technique for compacting ciphertext in multi-channel broadcast encryption and attribute-based encryption

Standard Broadcast Encryption (BE) and Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) aim at sending a content to a large arbitrary group of users at once. Regarding Broadcast Encryption, currently, the most efficient schemes provide constant-size headers, that encapsulate ephemeral session keys under which the payload is encrypted. However, in practice, and namely for pay-TV, providers have to send various contents to different groups of users. Headers are thus specific to each group, one for each channel: as a consequence, the global overhead is linear in the number of channels. Furthermore, when one wants to zap to and watch another channel, one has to get the new header and decrypt it to learn the new session key: either the headers are sent quite frequently or one has to store all the headers, even if one watches one channel only. Otherwise, the zapping time becomes unacceptably long. We consider the encapsulation of several ephemeral keys, for various groups and thus various channels, in one header only, and we call this new primitive Multi-Channel Broadcast Encryption or MCBE: one can hope for a much shorter global overhead and a much shorter zapping time since the decoder already has the information to decrypt any available channel at once. Regarding Attribute-Based Encryption, a scheme with constant-size ciphertext is still a challenging task.In this paper, we introduce a new technique of optimizing the ciphertext-size for both MCBE and ABE schemes.

Joint Wireless Positioning and Emitter Identification in DVB-T Single Frequency Networks

Digital television (DTV) signal has been recognized as a promising signal for navigation and positioning. However, due to the single frequency network (SFN) transmission within the European standard digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T) system, emitter confusion problem occurs in navigation and positioning, resulting in that a receiver is unable to know from which emitter a received signal comes. In this paper, we consider the wireless positioning with emitter confusion problem in DVB-T SFN networks. A joint wireless positioning and emitter identification algorithm is proposed, which is based on the expectation maximization (EM) method. The proposed algorithm is tested in a scenario, where signals are received from three to five emitters. Simulation results show that, relying on more than three emitters used in the tests for 2-D positioning, the EM-assisted positioning algorithm is feasible to achieve accurate positioning results in the existence of the emitter confusion problem. Our studies show that the performance achieved by the proposed algorithm approaches the Cramer-Rao bound. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is effective to identify the DTV emitters, and the positioning performance is robust to the emitter identification error. Additionally, our methodology is general, and can be employed for time of arrival-based positioning in any SFNs.

Passive Multifrequency Forward-Scatter Radar Measurements of Airborne Targets Using Broadcasting Signals

This paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of forward-scatter radar (FSR) target detection based on the signals of opportunity made available by standard radio and TV broadcast transmission stations. This passive FSR (P-FSR) operation is obtained by means of a simple and robust correlation process based on self-mixing. This is shown to be very effective in extracting the characteristic FSR modulation produced by airborne targets, from the signals received from frequency modulated, digital audio broadcasting, and digital video broadcasting transmitters of opportunity. Target detectability is discussed as a function of the carrier frequency, the target size, and its height at the baseline crossing. Experimental results are shown using a wide variety of sources of opportunity, target types, baselines, and receiver configurations. The target signatures obtained from the different illuminators are compared and ways of extracting the kinematic parameters of the aircraft are discussed. This validates the claimed effectiveness and robustness of the P-FSR with the presented processing scheme.

FPGA implementation of a reconfigurable channelization for simultaneous multichannel DRM30/FM receiver

It is becoming more and more popular to support multiple radio broadcasting standards, such as Frequency Modulation (FM) and Digital Radio Mondiale for Amplitude Modulation (DRM30), on one channelization system for content and metadata indexing applications. However, existing works mainly focus on supporting only one standard, because different standards usually have different channel characteristics in term of bandwidth and carrier location. This paper presents a flexible and resource-efficient architecture that can simultaneously channelize the entire FM and DRM30 bands. In particular, a coarse/finergrained division based approach is proposed to implement the multi-standard channelization. Therefore, the parameters of each output channel, such as center frequency and output sampling rate, can be independently configured at run-time. Finally, the proposed architecture, which consists of one polyphase Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) filter bank, one tuning unit, and one resampling filter, is implemented in a single field programmable gate array (FPGA). The experiment results indicate that the proposed design can support both FM and DRM30 standards, and requires less FPGA resources than the existing works which can only support one standard.

Alternatives to Current Fumigation Practices in Western States Raspberry

Red raspberry production in the western United States is heavily reliant on preplant soil fumigation to ensure the successful establishment and productivity of a planting. However, due to issues related to the regulation, availability, and economics of soil fumigation, alternatives are needed for current fumigation practices. Trials were conducted in commercial raspberry fields in California and Washington to evaluate alternatives to current fumigation practices in each region. In Washington, tarped bed fumigation with 1,3-dichlorpropene (1,3-D):chloropicrin (Telone C-35) performed as well as, and sometimes better than, the industry standard nontarped broadcast fumigation with Telone C-35 for the control of the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora rubi and the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. In one of the Washington trials, yield of raspberry grown in tarped bed-fumigated areas was 47% greater than the yield of plants grown in nontarped broadcast-fumigated areas. In California, a combination of chloropicrin:1,3-D (Pic-Clor 60) performed as well as the industry standard of methyl bromide:chloropicrin. Raspberry plants grown in soil fumigated with either of these fumigants were approximately 26% taller than plants grown in nonfumigated soil. Our results indicate that there are viable fumigation alternatives to the current fumigation systems used in Washington and California raspberry production systems.

Nutrient Runoff Losses from Liquid Dairy Manure Applied with Low‐Disturbance Methods

Manure applied to cropland is a source of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in surface runoff and can contribute to impairment of surface waters. Tillage immediately after application incorporates manure into the soil, which may reduce nutrient loss in runoff as well as N loss via NH volatilization. However, tillage also incorporates crop residue, which reduces surface cover and may increase erosion potential. We applied liquid dairy manure in a silage corn ( L.)-cereal rye ( L.) cover crop system in late October using methods designed to incorporate manure with minimal soil and residue disturbance. These include strip-till injection and tine aerator-band manure application, which were compared with standard broadcast application, either incorporated with a disk or left on the surface. Runoff was generated with a portable rainfall simulator (42 mm h for 30 min) three separate times: (i) 2 to 5 d after the October manure application, (ii) in early spring, and (iii) after tillage and planting. In the postmanure application runoff, the highest losses of total P and dissolved reactive P were from surface-applied manure. Dissolved P loss was reduced 98% by strip-till injection; this result was not statistically different from the no-manure control. Reductions from the aerator band method and disk incorporation were 53 and 80%, respectively. Total P losses followed a similar pattern, with 87% reduction from injected manure. Runoff losses of N had generally similar patterns to those of P. Losses of P and N were, in most cases, lower in the spring rain simulations with fewer significant treatment effects. Overall, results show that low-disturbance manure application methods can significantly reduce nutrient runoff losses compared with surface application while maintaining residue cover better than incorporation by tillage.

Corn Response and Soil Nutrient Concentration from Subsurface Application of Poultry Litter

Nitrogen fertilizer management is vital to corn (Zea mays L.) production from financial and environmental perspectives. Poultry litter as a nutrient source in this cropping system is generally surface broadcast, potentially causing volatilization of NH3. Recently a new application method was developed allowing subsurface banding of poultry litter with minimal soil surface disturbance. However, there are limited data with this application method on corn production. In this study, we used farm‐scale plots (7.6 by 91.2 m) to evaluate the response of no‐till corn growth and post‐harvest soil nutrient concentrations from subsurface poultry litter application. All treatments were applied pre‐plant at a rate of 168 kg N ha−1 and included (i) a standard commercial fertilizer surface broadcast, (ii) poultry litter surface applied, and (iii) poultry litter applied in subsurface bands placed 30 cm apart and 8‐cm deep below the soil surface. Results showed that poultry litter subsurface banded plots resulted in corn grain and above ground biomass yields similar to plots treated with commercial fertilizer. In 2011, corn grain yield of 11.35 Mg ha−1 produced by the subsurface banded poultry litter treatment was significantly higher when compared to surface applied poultry litter that yielded 10.10 Mg ha−1. Poultry litter application method did not have a significant effect on post‐harvest soil pH, total C, total N, NH4+‐N, NO3−–N, P, and K concentrations. Results from this study suggest that subsurface banding of poultry litter can be utilized as an alternate application method in no‐till corn without detrimental impacts on productivity.Core Ideas Foremost study examining subsurface banding of poultry litter on corn production. Subsurface banded poultry litter had 8.75% greater corn yield than surface applied. Subsurface band poultry litter increased N availability by 3.8% over surface applied.

War by Other Means: British Information Control and Wolfgang Borchert's Draußen vor der Tür

This article focuses on the stage and radio play Draußen vor der Tür (The Man Outside) by Wolfgang Borchert, broadcast in the British zone of occupation for the first time on 13 February 1947. A careful comparison of the stage and radio versions allows us to ascertain the degree to which the changes made by the British radio control officers Hugh Carleton Greene and David Porter were political in nature. The article opens by outlining both the history of the creation of the radio version and Borchert's attitude towards the Public Relations/ Information Services Division of the Control Commission for Germany (PR/ISC) (through the analysis of Borchert's correspondence).The original NWDR (Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk/ Northwest German Broadcasting) typescript of the radio broadcast, complete with handwritten emendations, is then compared with the published version, confirming how the radio play was edited to conform to British broadcast standards for a German audience, as well as the Anglo-American reeducation programme for Germany. Greene and Porter systematically edited out mention of postwar German suicides, overt German suffering, attacks on the German institutions the British considered important in the reconstruction of Germany, and any suggestion that the Allies had engaged in morally dubious acts during or after the war.