Broadcast Area Research Articles

Research On the Innovation of Host Ability Integrating Natural Language Processing Technology

Employing Natural Language Processing (NLP) in media and other information platforms has gained much importance lately due to its ability to pull viewers. The NLP tools enhance the host’s content delivery skills and viewer action. This study generally focuses on studying the impact of NLP on enhancing host ability, focusing on Legal TV Programme (L-TV-P) delivery. The study used a mixed-model methodology directed at English-speaking L-TV-P and included participants from North America and Europe for 18 months. The pre-NLP and post-NLP integration analysis methods review existing hosting systems and viewers' action levels through the pre-implementation study. The NLP tools are included in the programme's hosting through training hosts and making pilot episodes. The analysis deployed systematic metrics to analyse the impact of NLP in developing the host's ability through a series of reviews. The results of these analyses and the review data analysis suggest essential awareness of the effectiveness of NLP in L-TV-P hosting and show how it can significantly enhance public learning and communication in niche broadcasting areas.

Spatial (in)accuracy of cell broadcast alerts in urban context: Feedback from the April 2023 Cannes tsunami trial

Since June 2022, France is equipped with cell broadcast technology which alerts individuals within a predefined area. Despite the proven effectiveness of this technology, few studies take a spatial view of cell broadcast alert at a local level. Trials carried out in France were assessed only on their technical success, without verifying the rate of reception of the message by individuals in the official alert area, or the gap between the official alert area and the actual broadcast area. This study focuses on a trial conducted in April 2023 in Cannes (France). Using a geo-located survey method and spatial analysis tools, we show how cell broadcasting is more imprecise than one might think at the local level. Reception rates depend on the telephone operators and a large and ragged edge effect is measured, which means that the message is broadcast far beyond the area defined by the authorities. A second approach was to check the reception of three cell broadcast messages sent within a 20-min interval at fixed points, which revealed the fluctuation of the broadcast area over time, making its spatial extent complex to predict. Similar works should be carried out in other urban and rural areas.

Evaluation of DVB-T2 Digital TV Propagation Performance in the Bali Broadcast Area

The development of terrestrial television broadcasting technology in the world today is switching from analog broadcasting systems to digital broadcasting systems. Analog Switch Off (ASO) is the period when analog broadcasts are stopped and replaced with digital broadcasts. Through the jargon "Clean Picture, Clear Sound, Advanced Technology" people will feel better quality than analog TV. In the era of digital broadcasting, TV viewers not only watch broadcast programs but can also get additional facilities such as EPG (Electronic Program Guide) to find out the programs that have been and will be aired later. With digital broadcasting, there is the ability to provide interactive services where viewers can directly rate the sound of broadcast programs in addition to the presence of features that can be utilized, such as features related to disaster information. In this study, an evaluation of the performance of DVB-T2 Digital TV propaganda will be carried out in the Bali service area. The quality of digital TV broadcasts in the Bali broadcast area is influenced by signal propagation which is parameterized by parameters C / N (or S / N), Modulation Error Rate (MER), Bit Error Rate (BER) by measuring at the test point or location of the test point/test measurement which is the outermost limit of the service area under the Minister of Communication and Information no 23 / PER / M.KOMINFO / 11/2011. So this research can be produced a map of the quality of broadcasting services in Bali which can be used as an indicator to avoid Bali from blank spot areas that can be recommended for Digital TV operators in Bali for repeater installation planning.

8K Ultra HD TV broadcast system: challenge, architecture and implementation

The size of the audio and video (AV) content of the 8K program is four times larger than that of 4K content, providing viewers with a more ideal audiovisual experience while placing higher demands on the capability and efficiency of document preparation and processing, signal transmission, and scheduling. However, it is difficult to meet the high robustness requirements of 8K broadcast services because the existing broadcast system architecture is limited by efficiency, cost, and other factors. In this study, an 8K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) TV program broadcast scheme was designed. The verification results show that the scheme is high quality, highly efficient, and robust. In particular, in the research, the file format normalizing module was first placed in the broadcast area instead of the file preparation area, and the low-compression transmission scheme of the all-IP signal JPEG XS was designed in the signal transmission area for improving the efficiency of the scheme. Next, to reduce the impact on the robustness of broadcast services, the broadcast control logic of the broadcast core components is optimized. Finally, a series of 8K TV program broadcasting systems have been implemented and their performance has been verified. The results show that the system meets the efficiency and robustness requirements of a high-quality 8K AV broadcast system, and thus has a high degree of practicability.

LoRaWAN Network Technology in Mosul City: a Milestone

This scientific article aims to propose an established infrastructure of a LoRaWAN technology network in the city of Mosul as an initial starting point for this pioneering technology in the field of wireless communication and IoT technologies and then suggests advertising the proposed model to all cities of Iraq as a national project aimed at developing the capabilities of wireless communications in the field of IoT technologies based on what is known as Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWA). This article deals with the high capabilities and distinguished characteristics provided by this technology and how to employ and construct, with a study of the scientific and research value as well as the economic feasibility, and calculations of the total expected costs of the construction and installation of this model in the city of Mosul in order to cover both sides of the town and also, to study the possibility and effectiveness of covering the geographical area of wireless broadcasting, and concludes with the most essential recommendations. In addition, a reference supplement to the websites of the most important international institutions and companies that have introduced this technology within their production and industrial solutions has been included.

Adaptation of the Irscom social profitability indicator to the context of community radio in Colombia

The main objective of this research action is to highlight the process of adaptation, validation, and administration of the Indicator of social profitability in communication (Irscom, Indicador de rentabilidad social en comunicación) for the community and indigenous radio sector of Colombia, a country with over 700 community radio stations nationwide, and the first in Latin America/Abya Yala to legalize them. The Irscom, a registered trademark, was created by the LabCom­Andalucía group of the University of Malaga in 2012. Employing six categories and 33 variables, it reflects the working practice and dynamics of radio stations to achieve their objectives, awarding points subject to weightings and criteria linked to pertinence. A compendium of quantitative (questionnaire, weighting, and rankings) and qualitative methods (focus groups and semi-structured interviews) were applied in its development and administration. The sample for this pilot project (from the Ministry of Culture of Colombia, the Faculty of Communications of the University Minuto de Dios, Bogotá, and LabComAndalucía) consisted of 11 community radio stations, an indigenous community radio station declared to be of public interest, and four community radio networks within the country. The results confirmed that Irscom is an organic tool that, without substantial modifications to the original framework, and although designed for Spain, can be adapted to other international contexts so that different broadcasters may appreciate their strengths and weaknesses. It contributes to holistic reflection on the social profitability of these media within their broadcasting areas. In the short term, Irscom may be extended to other community radio stations in the country. In the medium term, this indicator can help the community and the indigenous sound sector to improve their social profitability and validate their activities with government and institutional agencies to defend their important work of social cohesion and the need for solid sources of financing. It can also contribute to better collective organization by joining interests, with the awarding of the Irscom seal of quality as an endorsement of its implementation and improvements.

Acoustic scaling in the European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas).

Sound is an important cue for arthropods. In insects, sound features and sound-producing apparatus are tightly correlated to enhance signal emission in larger individuals. In contrast, acoustic scaling in marine arthropods is poorly described even if they possess similar sound-producing apparatus. Here, the acoustic scaling of the European spiny lobster is analyzed by recording sounds in situ at 1 m from a wide range of body sizes. The dimensions of associated sound-producing apparatus increased with body size, indicating sound features would also be influenced by spiny lobster size. Indeed, temporal sound features changed with body size, suggesting differences in calling songs could be used for spiny lobster acoustic communication. Source levels (peak-peak) ranged from 131 to 164 dB re 1μPa for smaller and larger lobsters, respectively, which could be explained by more efficient resonating structures in larger animals. In addition, dominant frequencies were highly constrained by ambient noise levels, masking the low-frequency content of low intensity sounds from smaller spiny lobsters. Although the ecological function of spiny lobster sounds is not clear yet, these results suggest larger body sizes benefit because louder calls increase the broadcast area and potential interactions with conspecifics, as shown in the insect bioacoustic literature.

I2MB: Intelligent Immersive Multimedia Broadcast in Next-Generation Cellular Networks

The popularity of immersive multimedia content is prevalent and the consumption of 360° videos is increasing rapidly in varied domains. The broadcast of such content in cellular networks will be challenging in terms of dynamic content adaptation and efficient resource allocation to serve heterogeneous consumers. In this work, we propose an intelligent immersive new radio multimedia broadcast multicast system (NR-MBMS), I2MB, for next-generation cellular networks. I2MB intelligently forecasts the users’ viewing angle and the 360° video tiles to be broadcast beforehand using long short-term memory network. We define broadcast areas by using modified K-means clustering. The complex multivariable optimization problem that integrates efficient adaptive 360-degree video encoding and tiled broadcast using optimized transmission parameters is defined as as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) . In a dense urban scenario with a large MBSFN synchronization area, the state and action space dimensionality is very high, in which the solution is obtained by using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. I2MB incorporates Deep Reinforcement Learning based radio resource allocation (modulation-coding scheme and frequency-time resource blocks) and tiled video encoding to maximize the viewport video quality experienced by the broadcast mobile users. I2MB provides improved immersive video broadcast streaming quality while serving a higher number of mobile users. Adaptive encoding of 360° video tiles and radio resource allocation are performed based on users’ forecasted viewing angle, spatial distribution, channel conditions, and service request. The performance evaluation of our proposed scheme, I2MB, shows considerable gains in viewport quality ( 46.83%) and number of users served ( 30.52%), over a recent state-of-the-art method VRCAST.

Applying a deep learning enhanced public warning system to deal with COVID-19

In Korea, public warning systems are being actively used to provide COVID-19 information to people to avoid additional infections. The explosion of COVID-19 warning messages has caused redundant and unnecessary transmission of warning messages. This study propose an enhanced public warning system. First, a generation model based on deep learning is proposed for automatically generating the coordinates of the broadcast area. Second, the public warning system is modified to provide additional warning information to the users. Finally, a customization scheme for warning information is presented; therefore, the number of redundant and unnecessary warning messages decreases. The proposed generation model is evaluated by measuring the overshooting area and it is compared with the ground truth image. The output of the polygon generator and the circle generator show an image that is similar to the ground truth. The proposed public warning system was implemented, and a test scenario was conducted for the validation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed public warning system.

Labour, media and technology: editors’ introduction

ABSTRACT This special issue considers how the gendered dimensions of technology intersect with labour and media, in both historical and contemporary settings. The junctures where women have gained more access to technology,such as during the Second World War, show that a crisis that disrupts gendered labour patterns can create spaces of possibility. Yet women must still contend with deeply held notions about the relationship between technological proficiency and masculinity that cross space and time. The persistent under-representation of women in technical occupations in the media suggests that the association between masculine labour and technology remains strong. Contributors consider unpaid labour in feminist activism, women’s technical work in male-dominated areas of broadcasting and photography, and the impact of technological change on women’s careers in the media. New feminist methodological tools for analysing and amplifying hidden layers of media and communication work are also proposed.

Success and Failure Part 3: Sustained Organizational Achievement [MicroBudsiness

Reports on the benefits of failure as well as the perils of success in the business world. Examines the great success and achievements of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Presents an analysis of how its great success and achievements in the area of broadcasting and electronics would also experience expensive failures in the computer and mainframe industry. RCA is a story of sustained success followed by corporate failure.

Community radio in the United Kingdom: Lessons from a demographic survey in Cornwall

Since the establishment of community radio in the United Kingdom in 2004, it has become an integral part of the mediascape, founded on the basis of providing ‘social gain’ to the communities it serves. Little research has been done, however, into the number of people listening to the almost 300 stations now active in the United Kingdom. This article presents the data from three demographic surveys carried out in March 2020 and reports the radio listening habits of three towns served by community radio stations. A quantitative survey of radio listening habits was undertaken in the broadcast area of three community radio stations in Cornwall, United Kingdom: Source FM in Falmouth, RSAB in Saint Austell and CHBN in Truro. Data were gathered using a mixture of street interviews and online surveys. These data are presented, highlighting listening numbers and audience demographics in the three stations surveyed. It presents an analysis of potential lessons for the community radio sector in small rural towns such as those in the survey and for the rest of the United Kingdom. It advocates for the adoption of a rhizomatic, ‘agonistic’ approach to community radio to increase listenership and civil interaction and thereby social gain.

American English in Teaching English as a Second Language

With the lapse of time the two nations- Americans and British always blamed each other for “ruining” English. In this article we aim to trace historical “real culprit” and try to break stereotypes about American English status in teaching English as a second language. In comparison with Great Britain the USA has very short and contemporary history; nevertheless, in today’s world American English exceeds British and other variants of English in so many ways, as well as in the choices of language learners. American English differs from other variants of the English language by 4 specific features: Inclusiveness, Flexibility, Innovativeness and Conservativeness. Notwithstanding, British disapprove of Americans taking so many liberties with their common tongue, linguistic researcher Daniela Popescu in her research mentions the fields of activities in which American words penetrated into British English. She classifies those words under 2 categories: everyday vocabulary (480 terms) and functional varieties (313 terms). In the case of functional varieties, the American influence is present in the areas of computing (10 %), journalism (15 %), broadcasting (24%), advertising and sales (5 %), politics and economics (24%), and travelling and transport (22%). Further on, the words and phrases in the broadcasting area have been grouped as belonging to two areas: film, TV, radio and theatre (83%), and music (17%). The purpose of the research paper is to create safe and reliable image of American English in the field of teaching English as a second language. Americans are accused in “ruining” English and for that reason learners are not apt to learn American English. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used while collecting the data. The study concluded that the real culprits are British who started out to ruin English mainly in in the age of Shakespeare and consequently, Americans inherited this ruin from the British as a result of colonization. Luckily, in the Victorian Age British saved their language from the ruins. The paper discusses how prejudices about American English effect the choices of English learners.

Capacity building in regional space cooperation: Asia-pacific space cooperation organization

The increasing gap in the space capabilities of different countries has led to the need for capacity building in modern times. Space capacity building of countries without or with limited space capacity via international cooperation with advanced spacefaring nations is a good practice towards intragenerational equity among all spacefaring countries, and between spacefaring and non-spacefaring countries at the same period of time. A case study is used here to show the current situation of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and its member states that are associated with their space capacity building. The study finds that neither the satellite technology development model developed by Wood and Weigel (2011) nor the model developed by Ercan and Kale (2017) is a good fit for the development of space capability in all of the developing countries. Therefore, using the APSCO member states as a case study may offer guidelines towards the space capacity building of other developing countries. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of the merits and flaws of APSCO’s capacity building programs through comparing them with similar projects carried out by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) and some other countries is conducive to providing some references for regional cooperation in the field of space capacity building. While international space law and the APSCO Convention can provide the general principles for capacity building activities under the framework of APSCO, they are only relevant to the development of scientific and technological capacities for space and human resources rather than organizational development and legal frameworks. Some international soft laws can likewise provide guidance for the capacity building activities of APSCO and its member states in the areas of international direct television broadcasting, remote sensing and cooperative way. To enhance its and its member states’ space capabilities, APSCO, in the context of space commercialization and maintaining the long-term sustainability of outer space activities (LTSOSA), should establish a comprehensive internal regime that addresses scientific and technological capacity building for space, human resources, organizational development and legal frameworks, a flexible regime for international cooperation with other developed spacefaring nations and international organizations with relevant technical capabilities and an internal research center for space law, and actively expand its membership by embracing other economically or technologically developed spacefaring nations in the Asia-Pacific region.

Android Radio Streaming Apps for Songgolangit FM Ponorogo

Songgolangit FM Radio is one of the information media in Ponorogo society. The broadcast signal has limited covered areas because of the geographical condition of Ponorogo. Then, the other media is needed to solve a problem. This research aims to expand the broadcast area using Android radio streaming apps. This research used the waterfall steps. The test using black box shows that the apps running well and have no error. The feedback from Songgolangit FM peoples expected that these apps hope could expand new user with especially to Android users. These apps can be download by all Android phone through the Google Play Store (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amoled.radiosonggolangit&hl=en). On the next research can measure the effectivity of radio streaming Android apps. Besides, future research also can develop its apps in other operating systems such as iOS, Tizen, Hongmeng and Blackberry mobile apps.

EMB: Efficient Multimedia Broadcast in Multi-Tier Mobile Networks

Multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in mobile networks has been widely addressed, however an investigation of such a technology in emerging, multi-tier, scenarios is still lacking. Notably, user clustering and resource allocation are extremely challenging in multi-tier networks, and imperative to maximize system capacity and improve quality of user-experience (QoE) in MBMS. Thus, in this paper we propose a clustering and resource allocation approach, named EMB, which specifically addresses heterogeneous networks and accounts for the fact that multimedia content is adaptively encoded into scalable layers depending on the QoE requirements and channel conditions of the heterogeneous users. Importantly, we prove that our clustering algorithm yields Pareto efficient broadcasting areas, multimedia encoding parameters, and resource allocation, in a way that is also fair to the users. Furthermore, numerical results obtained under realistic conditions and using real-world video content, show that the proposed EMB results in lower churn count (i.e., higher number of served users), higher throughput, and increased QoE, while using fewer network resources.

Digital broadcasting in Nigeria by the eyes of its users: history of development and current state

The article reproduces some aspects of history of implementation of digital broadcasting in Nigeria, also it contains the evaluation of its current state. The theoretical and methodological base of its conduction was the “diffusional” theory of innovations, which allowed determining the true situation of readiness of Nigeria for digitalization of national mass media. As part of this research the interviewing (the survey) of 184 digital broadcasting journalists from 150 media companies of three Nigerian provinces (Enugu, Ebonyi and Anambra) was conducted. Its results indicates that main obstacles to the development of digital broadcasting in Nigeria are limited funding, unsatisfactory state of mass media digitalization, lack of qualified specialists and required equipment and lack of political will. Relating to this, there is every reason to affirm that modern level of digitalization of broadcasting in Nigeria is quite low and does not correspond to the development requirements of country at the current stage. At the same time, the results allow to claim that the great majority of respondents has a high level of personal awareness of digital broadcasting. Most of them revealed their readiness to become the first users of the digital broadcasting after its full implementation in country. Before that time, Nigeria has made insignificant progress in the digital broadcasting area, its further development requires the solution of complicated tasks connected with digitalization of the television media by the government of Nigeria. The Nigerian government should solve the issues of funding for ensuring the development of digital broadcasting in Nigeria, as well as propose the strategy of its implementation, provide the education of stuff and find an opportunity to install modern technical equipment. The expanding of the area and geography of the further researches on this subject with the aim of coverage of all country’s provinces for better understanding of the problem.

Anthropogenic calling sites boost the sound amplitude of advertisement calls produced by a tropical cricket

Acoustic signals are widely used as sexual displays to attract mates. The choice of display site can strongly influence the male call characteristics and their attractiveness to females. Males can improve the conspicuousness of their signals by increasing sound amplitude and expanding their broadcast area thereby reaching more potential mating partners and influencing female choice. Insects possess a rather limited degree of signal plasticity. To increase the intensity of their calls, insects have been known to manipulate and engineer their display locations. Mole crickets, for example, build burrows that are shaped like horns, designing the burrow such that its resonance closely matches that of their call frequency, thereby boosting sound amplitude. Tree crickets manipulate plant leaves, using them as baffles for optimal sound radiation. In this study, we show for the first time that an insect species can enhance its advertisement calls by using novel, anthropogenic environments as singing sites. During this study, the tropical cricket Anurogryllus muticus was frequently found singing beside the walls of houses, on concrete stairs or in storm drains. These locations significantly increased the sound amplitude of its calls, by an average of 13 and 7 dB SPL, respectively, as measured above and in front of the singing animals compared to the sound amplitude measured in their natural grassland habitat. To evaluate the effect of calling site choice on the male's life span, we conducted a 35-day population survey using the mark and recapture method. Our results revealed that those males that called in grassland habitat without occupying burrows had the shortest minimum life spans.

Energy and cluster based efficient routing for broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc network is momentarily forming the network without any base or centralized nodes. In general, AODV will find the best route from the basis to endpoint for transfer the data or message. In our proposed approach is Restricted Predictive Flooding based Ad hoc On-Demand Vector (RPFAODV) protocol. RPFAODV concentrate to identify the destination node, predict the route, based on the energy level at each node, end node address through route request packet and route response packet messages. After receiving route response packet from an end node to a source node, now it initialized as a cluster for transmission of data packet towards a destination. In this proposed protocol is restricted unwanted node traversal by predicting the route from the network. It can broadcast the data or message from destination to nodes cover in their surroundings of other network broadcast area. It produces better performance compare with another prevailing routing protocol. In this paper RPFAODV protocol as well as reactive protocols AODV were studied and their individualities with admiration to different movement are evaluated based on message delivery rate, end-to-end delay, number of packets dropped and throughput using network simulator (NS2).

KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN TARIF SEWA KANAL MULTIPLEXING PADA PENYELENGGARAAN TELEVISI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA

Tariff regulation is essential to secure a competitive business. In digital television broadcasting, the multiplexing broadcast channel leasing tariff will greatly affect the competition between content or program service provider and multiplexing providers. Information about competitions in digital television, especially in provision of digital television multiplexing infrastructure is needed. This research is conducted non only technically, but also from the point of view of regulation and business. Regulatory analysis is carried out by referring to the implementation of existing regulation of digital television broadcasting in Indonesia and in other countries. In technical analysis, the technical calculations of deployment of the multiplexing infrastructure in service area is analized., The business analysis compared the ability of the purchasing power of the broadcasting content or program service provider with the multiplexing channel leasing fare using various technical configurations. The tariff analysi focused on the possibility of appliying the upper and lower limit of the fare policies as well as the possibilities of the implementation of subsidized policies for the deployment of multiplexing infrastructure in a non economic areas. Keywords: digital television, regulation, tariff, broadcast, channel ABSTRAK Regulasi tarif sangat penting dalam mengawal suatu bisnis yang kompetitif. Dalam bidang penyiaran televisi digital, tarif sewa saluran siaran multiplexing akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kompetisi yang terjadi antara penyedia konten dan antar penyelenggara multiplexing sendiri. Informasi mengenai kompetisi di bidang televisi digital, terutama pada penyediaan infrastruktur multiplexing televisi digital sangat diperlukan. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan kajian baik secara regulasi, teknis dan bisnis. Analisis regulasi dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada regulasi penyelenggaraan televisi digital yang sudah ada di Indonesia maupun di negara lain. Pada analisis teknis akan dibahas tentang perhitungan teknis penyelenggaraan infrastruktur multiplexing di wilayah pelayanan dan pada analisis bisnis akan dibandingkan kemampuan daya beli penyelengara konten terhadap tarif sewa saluran multiplexing dengan menggunakan berbagai konfigurasi teknis. Dalam analisis tarif, yang menjadi fokus adalah kemungkinan penerapan kebijakan tarif batas atas dan batas bawah, serta kemungkinan penerapan kebijakan subsidi untuk penyelenggaraan infrastruktur multiplexing di daerah nonekonomis. Kata kunci: televisi digital, regulasi, tarif, penyiaran, saluran multiplexing