Broadband Networks Research Articles

Building Bridges for 5g: How to Overcome the Infrastructure Barriers to Deployment of Canada's Next-Generation Broadband Networks

Building Bridges for 5g: How to Overcome the Infrastructure Barriers to Deployment of Canada's Next-Generation Broadband Networks

Statistical Characterization and Modeling of Radio Frequency Signal Propagation in Mobile Broadband Cellular Next Generation Wireless Networks

An accurate assessment of the spatial and temporal radio frequency channel characteristics is essential for complex signal processing and cellular network optimization. Current research has employed numerous models to figure out how much signal propagation loss occurs along the propagation paths. However, there are issues in finding the right model for a particular terrain because these models are not universally applicable. By employing the lognormal function and the Maximum Likelihood model, a hybrid probabilistic statistical distribution model was evolved. Three LTE cell site locations in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, were used to create a hybrid model that describes the functional stochastic signal propagation loss in the area. The evaluated Maximum Likelihood model accurately estimates the relevant wireless channel properties based on observed field data. The minor square regression approach and the proposed hybrid parameter estimation methodology are compared. When it comes to estimating standard deviation errors as well as the root mean square errors, the ML‐based approach consistently outperforms the least square regression model. Finally, the proposed hybrid probabilistic statistical distribution model would be useful for mobile broadband network planning in related wireless propagation conditions.

Dynamic service oriented resource allocation system for interworking broadband networks

Dynamic service oriented resource allocation system for interworking broadband networks

Dynamic service oriented resource allocation system for interworking broadband networks

Dynamic service oriented resource allocation system for interworking broadband networks

Improving the state of materials in cybersecurity attack detection in 5G wireless systems using machine learning

The utilization of information from the radio channel is useful in detecting the spoofing attacksin 5G wireless communications. This concept has been used for a wide range of uses for the Internet of Things (IoT) environment by users and their IoT devices. But how these tasks can minimise the effects of cyber threats in genuinely complex networks has not yet been sufficiently addressed. These are seriously exposed, as is the case with 5G broadband networks due to a wide variety of technology at various abstract stages. As 5G IoT is the 5G environment, including the IoT background, in this article, we are an artificial intelligence (AI) intended to minimise the impact of 5G IoT threats, when extended to the participants involved on a number of levels.This paper uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) based PHY-layer authentication algorithm to detect the possible security attacks in 5G wireless communication at physical layer. It is utilized in increasing the rate of authentication with test features. The detection rate is improved further with test statistic features. The model is implemented on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. The simulation results shows that the proposed method yield the high detection rate on all attacks.

Towards an Australian Digital Communications Strategy

In the early 21st century, governments developed national broadband plans to supply high-speed broadband networks for the emerging digital economy and to enable digital services delivery. Most national broadband plans are now focused on moving to ever faster networks, but there is a growing need to develop national digital communications strategies to focus on the demand-side of the broadband “eco-system”. In this paper, we outline the approaches adopted by the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Korea to assist in the development (or renewal) of Australia’s national broadband strategy, or, as we prefer, national digital communications strategy. The paper draws on the lessons learned from the case-study countries and the recent pandemic and considers some theoretical aspects of the broadband ecosystem. We conclude by suggesting a process to re-evaluate Australia’s national digital communications strategy as it rolls forward, and to incorporate recent international trends to develop demand-side policies to enable greater adoption and use of existing broadband infrastructure and digital services.

Moho depth variation and shear wave velocity structure in northern Algeria from joint inversion of P-wave receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion data

SUMMARY In this work, the Moho depth and the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath broad-band seismic stations of the Algerian broad-band seismic network are investigated. Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions jointly inverted with Rayleigh wave dispersion curves obtained from local earthquakes have been used. The seismic stations are located in different geological settings including the Tell Atlas, High Plateaus and the Saharan Atlas. The crustal thickness and the Vp/Vs ratio are first derived by the H–κ stacking method of receiver functions. The inversion results show the variation in Moho depth in the different geological contexts. The shallowest depths of the Moho (∼20–30 km) are estimated along the Algerian continental margin and Tell Atlas. In the High Plateaus region, the Moho depths vary from 30–36 km, whereas the deepest Moho depths are found in the Saharan Atlas (36–44 km). Two-layer crust is observed in the whole study area. In the upper crust, ∼8–14 km thick, the average shear wave velocity is ∼3.0 km s−1. The lower crust of about 12–30 km thick has an average shear wave velocity that ranges between 3.4 and 3.8 km s−1. The lower crust is thicker than the upper crust particularly in the Saharan Atlas. The upper mantle shear wave velocity varies from 4.1 to 4.5 km s−1 maximum and is stable, generally, below ∼60 km depth. Two low-velocity zones are clearly observed particularly in the eastern part of the Tell Atlas and the High Plateaus. The first one about 10 km thick is in the lower part of the lower crust and the other one is in the upper mantle between 40 and 60 km depth. The obtained results are in accordance with the previous results found in the region, particularly those using land gravity and seismic data. As the first estimate of the Moho depth from earthquake data in northern Algeria, using the receiver function method, this study sheds new light on the crustal structure and the Moho depth in this region of the world.

Broadband, effective labor, and economic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence from a cross-country study

Abstract Purpose This study attempts to explore the mechanism of how broadband influences economic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic period, and examine different impacts of fixed and mobile broadband on economic growth during this period. Design/methodology/approach The panel data regression method and across-country data are used to estimate the impacts of fixed broadband and mobile broadband on economic growth rate. Findings The mobile broadband penetration rate and the mobile broadband network size have positive and significant correlations with economic growth rate during 2020–2021. Practical implications The findings have the policy implications that governments should promote the diffusion of mobile broadband especially 5G to sustain economic growth during the time of the pandemic. Social implications The diffusion of mobile broadband and 5G further facilitates telework mode. Originality/value This study theorizes the role of broadband in economic growth by proposing a new concept – effective labor – which reflects the extent of labor participation in productive activities when the containment measures of the pandemic are implemented.

Optimization of Base Station Placement in 4G LTE Broadband Networks Using Adaptive Variable Length Genetic Algorithm

Optimization of Base Station Placement in 4G LTE Broadband Networks Using Adaptive Variable Length Genetic Algorithm

Television White Space Based Broadband Network’s Coverage and CAPEX Performance for Rural Areas Connectivity in Tanzania

This study compared the CAPEX requirements for a television white space (TVWS) based broadband network and that of deploying the UMTS based mobile broadband networks to deliver broadband connectivity in areas with sparse population which characterize most of Tanzania rural. Like many developing countries, Tanzania has low Internet penetration, with penetration of just over 46% when multiple subscriptions are taken into account. The affected communities are mostly rural due to low population densities which make deployment of the mobile broadband to be much expensive in terms of costs. This limits the economic development potential in these areas given that the broadband connectivity and services is a key driver for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR or Industry 4.0) and modern digital economy. Comparative between the coverage capability of the TVWS and UMTS family of standards by considering the number of base transceiver stations (BTS) is conducted to cover a specific geographic area for three different radio operating environments namely hilly, undulating and flat terrain landscapes. The broadband connectivity data rate is defined at the receiver rate of 2 Mbps or above, and used to determine the number of BTS required for the two technologies. Results show that introducing the TVWS as a middle mile solution, cuts the number of UMTS BTS required to serve the same population by 68%, 66.7%, and 75% for the three canonical environments respectively.

TransMUSE: Transferable Traffic Prediction in MUlti-Service Edge Networks

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced the workforce to switch to working from home, which has put significant burdens on the management of broadband networks and called for intelligent service-by-service resource optimization at the network edge. In this context, network traffic prediction is crucial for operators to provide reliable connectivity across large geographic regions. Although recent advances in neural network design have demonstrated potential to effectively tackle forecasting, in this work we reveal based on real-world measurements that network traffic across different regions differs widely. As a result, models trained on historical traffic data observed in one region can hardly serve in making accurate predictions in other areas. Training bespoke models for different regions is tempting, but that approach bears significant measurement overhead, is computationally expensive, and does not scale. Therefore, in this paper we propose TransMUSE (Transferable Traffic Prediction in MUlti-Service Edge Networks), a novel deep learning framework that clusters similar services, groups edge-nodes into cohorts by traffic feature similarity, and employs a Transformer-based Multi-service Traffic Prediction Network (TMTPN), which can be directly transferred within a cohort without any customization. We demonstrate that TransMUSE exhibits imperceptible performance degradation in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) when forecasting traffic, compared with settings where a model is trained for each individual edge node. Moreover, our proposed TMTPN architecture outperforms the state-of-the-art, achieving up to 43.21% lower MAE in the multi-service traffic prediction task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that jointly employs model transfer and multi-service traffic prediction to reduce measurement overhead, while providing fine-grained accurate demand forecasts for edge services provisioning.

Ecological innovation effect of broadband network infrastructure: Evidence from China

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of Broadband Network Infrastructure (BNI) on urban ecological innovation (EI). The implementation of China's “Broadband China” Demonstration City (BCDC) construction policy provides a quasi‐natural experiment for examining the causal effect of BNI on urban EI. Using the difference‐in‐differences method, we find that BNI significantly increases the number of green patent applications in local cities, and that the effect is increasing over time. Examination of the underlying mechanism reveals that BNI promotes urban EI through stimulating entrepreneurship, improving human capital level, and attracting investment agglomeration. This paper contributes to the understanding of why significant innovation frequently occurs in places with relatively perfect infrastructure, such as networks.

Sistem Informasi Anggaran Biaya Pemeliharaan, Kerusakan Dan Konstruksi Pada Bagian Administrasi

Maintenance and Construction of West Bandung Witel is one of the work units of PT. Telkom Akses Jawa Barat, whose job is to build and maintain the broadband network owned by PT. Telkom Indonesia which is located in Dayeuh Kolot, Bandung City. In improving performance and activities within the Construction and Maintenance Unit environment, a system or application is needed that can facilitate work data collection. So that the work carried out by the unit can be recorded properly and on time according to the targets set by the company. Based on these problems, with this practical work a web-based system or application is built that can help with existing problems. Making this information system is done by way of data collection, analysis, design, implementation up to testing the information system. The end result of this research is a Maintenance and Construction Administration Information System that can be used to facilitate staff or employees in processing work data.
 
 Keywords : Administrative Information Systems, web, PHP, Laravel Framework

Fifty Years of Fixed Optical Networks Evolution: A Survey of Architectural and Technological Developments in a Layered Approach

Over the past fifty years, telecommunications has transformed, in an unprecedented manner, the way we live, work and communicate. For telecommunications, fixed networks are the one pillar and wireless networks the other. The wireless networks and their generations have been extensively investigated in the literature; however, the fixed networks lack a consistent exploration of their evolution. For this purpose, our motivation is to present a review of the evolution of fixed networks in a holistic manner, from various different perspectives, which can assist engineers and students to understand, in a better way, how broadband networks developed and the main features of the current networking environment. Specifically, in this review, we aim to shed light on the most important technologies, standards and milestones of the fixed networks from various perspectives, such as the service perspective, the networking perspective (both access and core part) and the physical layer perspective. Our study follows the timeline of the five generations of fixed networks defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) F5G group and discusses the key achievements and limitations of each generation for each different infrastructure layer and segment, designating the most important issues for the most widely-adopted technologies and standards. Finally, our analysis helps to reveal the technical challenges that need to be addressed by the fixed telecom network community, such as energy efficiency, capacity scaling, cost-efficiency, etc., while also revealing potential future directions.

A comparative study of user experienced mobile broadband performance

Even though the proliferation of handheld mobile communication devices has deepened Internet and broadband penetration in Nigeria, users of such services may not have detailed quantitative performance comparison between the services provided by different network operators. The study here reported is therefore an attempt to bridge the information gap. A measurement testbed based on the Raspberry Pi platform was developed to autonomously measure the mobile broadband performance of third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G) broadband networks of the four major mobile network operators in the country. Under static access conditions, the system was set up to measure the upload throughput, download throughput and latency from a user-centric perspective. The measurements were taken by simultaneously sampling the networks of four mobile broadband service providers (9Mobile, Airtel, Globacom and MTN) over a period of three weeks in the city of Uyo, Nigeria. The results obtained revealed that Airtel achieved the highest peak download rate for 3G throughput, and this was only 1.41 Mbps higher than the least performing MNO. Also, it was found that MTN’s download rate peaked at 35.06 Mbps, and this was over 300% of the rate achieved by the fourth rated network in terms of the 4G download throughput metric. The measurement results also revealed that peak usage periods, defined as the hours between 7pm and 11pm, witnessed higher variability in throughput rates than other periods.

A Partnership Between Rural EMS and AT&T FirstNet to Provide Tele-emergency Care.

This report from the field describes a partnership between an academic medical center emergency department, rural emergency medical services, and AT&T FirstNet, a nationwide high-speed broadband network for public safety, to pilot-test clinical consults via telemedicine in a medically underserved area. We describe the methods, outcomes, and implications for practice.

Reducing the Risks of Home Dialysis Innovation and Uptake: The Case for Human-Centered Product Design.

Reducing the Risks of Home Dialysis Innovation and Uptake: The Case for Human-Centered Product Design.

Net neutrality and high-speed broadband networks: evidence from OECD countries

Network neutrality regulations are intended to preserve the Internet as a non-discriminatory, public network and an open platform for innovation. Whereas the U.S. reversed its regulations in 2017, returning to a less strict regime, the EU has maintained its course and recently revised implementation guidelines for its strict and rather interventionist net neutrality regulations. To this day, there exist only a few empirical investigations on the impact of network neutrality regulations, based on rather broad measures of investment activities for individual countries. Our paper provides the first estimation results on the causal impact of net neutrality regulations on new high-speed (fiber-optic cable-based) infrastructure investment by Internet service providers. We use a comprehensive and most recent OECD panel data set for 32 countries for the period from 2000 to 2021 covering the entire high-speed broadband network deployment period. We employ various panel estimation techniques, including instrumental variables estimation. Our empirical analysis is based on theoretical underpinnings derived from a simplified model in a two-sided market framework. We find empirical evidence that net neutrality regulations exert a significant and strong negative impact on fiber investments. Our results suggest that, while we cannot provide evidence on the overall welfare consequences of net neutrality, imposing strict net neutrality regulations clearly slow down the deployment of new fiber-based broadband connections.

Local magnitude determination for Turkey from two independent seismic networks and a consistent M4 + catalogue

SUMMARY Turkish seismicity is routinely recorded by two broad-band seismic networks: the Turkish National Seismic Network (AFAD ‘TU’ network) and the Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory And Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI ‘KO’ network). Each of them has over 200 seismic stations distributed across the country. We obtain a new uniform and consistent local magnitude (Ml) scale for Turkey using data from both networks, as well as the M4 + catalogue with Ml values that results from applying said scale to the events that occurred between 2007 and 2016 within the country. We measure the half peak-to-peak amplitude of the vertical component seismograms and estimate the attenuation parameters through an iterative procedure that fits the logarithm of the amplitude as a function of the hypocentral distance, the local magnitude, the station corrections and a constant accounting for possible systematic differences between amplitudes measured on horizontal seismographs and those measured on vertical seismographs. We additionally scale Ml to the moment magnitude measured by an independent source, obtaining a magnitude relationship accounting for attenuation adjustments, as well as differences between maximum horizontal and vertical amplitudes. The estimated Ml formula shows that station corrections from both networks regionally agree, and that non-zero corrections are centred on zero, within −0.48 and 0.46 magnitude units (corresponding to the 2.5 and the 97.5 quantiles). The new M4 + catalogue with consistent Ml values for AFAD and KOERI shows magnitude residuals that cannot be explained by a Gaussian distribution. We also show a very good agreement between our new Ml value and the original Ml values of AFAD and KOERI, with median differences below 0.1 magnitude units.

Measuring Library Broadband Networks to Address Knowledge Gaps and Data Caps

In this paper, we present findings from a three-year research project funded by the US Institute of Museum and Library Services that examined how advanced broadband measurement capabilities can support the infrastructure and services needed to respond to the digital demands of public library users across the US. Previous studies have identified the ongoing broadband challenges of public libraries while also highlighting the increasing digital expectations of their patrons. However, few large-scale research efforts have collected automated, longitudinal measurement data on library broadband speeds and quality of service at a local, granular level inside public libraries over time, including when buildings are closed. This research seeks to address this gap in the literature through the following research question: How can public libraries utilize broadband measurement tools to develop a better understanding of the broadband speeds and quality of service that public libraries receive? In response, quantitative measurement data were gathered from an open-source broadband measurement system that was both developed for the research and deployed at 30 public libraries across the US. Findings from our analysis of the data revealed that Ookla measurements over time can confirm when the library’s internet connection matches expected service levels and when they do not. When measurements are not consistent with expected service levels, libraries can observe the differences and correlate this with additional local information about the causes. Ongoing measurements conducted by the library enable local control and monitoring of this vital service and support critique and interrogation of the differences between internet measurement platforms. In addition, we learned that speed tests are useful for examining these trends but are only a small part of assessing an internet connection and how well it can be used for specific purposes. These findings have implications for state library agencies and federal policymakers interested in having access to data on observed versus advertised speeds and quality of service of public library broadband connections nationwide.