Broadband Internet Research Articles

Overview of Mobile Technologies in 5G Networking and Communication

Abstract: Fifth-generation technology (5G) is a more recent generation of mobile networks used in wireless communication. Everyone has access to high-speed internet via 5G at anytime, anyplace. 5G is a little bit different because of its new functions, which include linking people and controlling machines, objects, and devices. Differentiated performance and capability brought about by the 5G mobile system will create new user experiences and link new businesses. As a result, it's critical to understand how the business may profit from 5G. In this paper presents an evaluation in the area of mobile communication technologies. Technologies including MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), beamforming, network slicing, mm wave frequency, small cell, different antenna technology and mobile edge computing are also included in 5G.

Crash Landing on the Philippines: Transnational Korean Drama and Internet Infrastructural Desires

In 2020, the Philippines’ largest mobile network provider Smart Communications launched a year-long campaign with South Korean actor Hyun Bin, who gained high popularity among Filipino audiences through the Korean TV drama Crash Landing on You (TvN 2019-2020) aired through Netflix. This article analyzes media texts, government plans, corporate narratives, and infrastructure data to examines two ways that transnational media, such as K-dramas, function as cultural interfaces to disseminate and operationalize the infrastructural desires in the Philippines. First, Philippine internet service providers (ISPs) co-opt Netflix’s language of internet speed as a criterion of infrastructural quality, trying to secure the country’s public and economic recognition in Southeast Asia. Second, through the collaboration, local ISPs successfully translate K-drama’s cultural power into a public campaign presenting high-speed internet as not merely desirable, but a predestined future for digital consumers and the developing nation.

Big Data as a reform opportunity for public sector and real economy: The case of Greece

Background The recent economic recession has hit Greece with economic, political, and social repercussions. Structural reforms in the real economy and public sector are considered to be of paramount importance for introducing a new consumption and production paradigm to achieve sustainable economic growth. Methods The present paper aims to highlight Big Data and the Internet of Things as part of the 4th Industrial Revolution as a potential enabler for the necessary leap in the 21st century for the Greek public sector on the theoretical basis of the Unified Growth Theory and the Washington Doctrine. In the present paper, an evaluation of the Greek public sector is attempted by using two different indices, the Digital Maturity Index of the Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV), and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) of the EU. Results Findings strongly indicate that the introduction of digital skills in the educational system along with vocational training of older groups regarding the use of digital public services is an important factor for digital services implementation in the case of Greece. Moreover, the findings also underlie that demand for digital public services is not merely a matter of economic power. Other causes that lie in cultural, geographical, and behavioural habits should also be considered. Conclusions Greece is not in the pole position regarding Big Data implementation. High-speed broadband, both fast and ultrafast, lacks widespread availability, while prices remain relatively high compared to other European countries. Internet user skills and advanced IT skills remain mostly misused in the private and the public sector, while business digitization, e-commerce, e-Government, and e-health remain relatively low.

Analysis and systematization of technical means and technologies of augmented reality in cartography

Relevance. In modern cartography, the introduction of advanced digital technologies is taking place continuously, increasing the quality and demand for cartographic products. One of such innovative directions is augmented reality technology, with which you can expand the content of the map using electronic mobile devices. The spread of augmented reality is facilitated by the widespread penetration of high-speed mobile Internet not only into large cities, but also in rural areas, as well as the reduction in the cost of electronic devices and services. Depending on the direction of application of augmented reality in cartography, the approach to the choice of software and hardware is changing. Aim. Analysis and systematization of the technical means and technologies of augmented reality in cartography. Objects. Augmented reality technologies in cartography, augmented reality technical means and their components. Methods. Content analysis of information on technologies, hardware and software for augmented reality in cartography. Results. The authors have analyzed hardware and software tools of augmented reality in cartography. They proposed the options for working with augmented reality in the form of scenario plans for three types of augmented reality in cartography: marker, markerless and spatial technologies. The minimum technical requirements of developers for the use of existing cartographic and navigation applications were highlighted. The paper considers a number of digital environments for implementation of augmented reality elements in cartography. The advantages of each of them were noted. The authors compiled a block diagram of a typical hardware-software complex of an augmented reality system in cartography and geoinformatics. They systematized types of sensors that solve geoinformation and cartographic tasks using augmented reality technologies.

Factors influencing the digital divide in the field of physical education and sports in the context of comparing large cities and remote sparsely populated areas

The article updates the problem of digital inequality in the field of physical culture and sports between large cities and remote sparsely populated areas. According to the authors, in order to eliminate the digital divide, when strategically planning activities and setting deadlines for the introduction of digital technologies, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the presence of high–speed Internet, or its absence or slow speed in a populated area, geographical, natural and climatic features of a particular area, the process of urbanization in suggesting areas for the introduction of digital technologies, socio–demographic characteristics of local citizens, competition in the market of sports, recreational, sports, entertainment and fitness services, economic and political situation in the region, level of digital competencies among specialists in physical culture and sports. Taking these factors into account in strategic planning will eliminate the digital divide between large cities and remote, inaccessible areas, which will contribute to achieving the global goal of increasing the proportion of Russians systematically involved in physical education and sports to 70% by 2030

Using mobile technologies in distance learning: A Scoping Review

The technical capabilities of mobile devices today make it possible to use them in the educational process. High-speed Internet and the capabilities of mobile applications allow students to have access to the necessary information at a convenient time for them. The purpose of the systematic review was the analysis and synthesis of publications on the topic of using mobile learning. In the course of the work, 34 publications of original research were analyzed, which were selected according to the requirements for narrative reviews. The search for sources for the review was carried out on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms, and specific keywords were used: mobile learning, "m-learning", "higher education", "on-site learning". For review, we selected only articles from 2019-2024. In this way, we got acquainted with the issues of introducing mobile learning into the educational process today. According to the results: the issue of the impact of mobile learning was studied by scientists most often and accounted for 43% of the studied literature sources. The issue of students' perception of mobile learning in the publications we studied accounted for 23%, in 19% the goals that were set during the implementation of mobile learning were studied. In 10.5%, experts determined the factors that affect the success of mobile learning, and 5% of the publications contained information about the devices that are used when using mobile educational applications. To systematize the studied literature, we used the program PRISMA Conclusions. The use of mobile learning improves academic success, reduces anxiety and cognitive load, improves motivation and satisfaction with learning.

ARCTIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP: LEGAL ASPECTS

The article considers the issues of legal regulation of economic activities in the Arctic zone of Russia. The main areas of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Arctic for the development of entrepreneurial activity were studied. An analysis of a special subject of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic zone of Russia, which receives the status of a resident, is given. Arctic economic activity has been identified at the current stage in Russia as an independent institution of entrepreneurial law, which in the future research will give a big impetus to development in terms of the adoption of regulatory legal acts. Based on the analysis of legal acts, the state, as a guarantor of the development of economic relations, is obliged to subsidize with cash the main types of small and medium-sized entrepreneurial activities in the Arctic zone of Russia, and on the other hand, large commercial companies must reimburse the costs for manufacturers of local products. It was proposed to develop electronic trade on the territory of Russia, accordingly, there is a need to connect all Arctic entities to high-speed Internet. It was concluded that for the legal regulation of complex relations, the Arctic Code of Russia should be adopted.

Implementation of auto failover on SD-WAN technology with BGP routing method on Fortigate routers at XYZ company

The current technological development is SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) which provides highperformance access for users located far from the head office so as to allow faster network connections and has been facilitated automation techniques for branch offices. This research solves the problem of XYZ company because it is known that the company requires network connectivity with a high SLA (Service Level Agreement) and no downtime in the information exchange process. This research hypothesis assumes that using SD-WAN would be ideal and the problems with XYZ company were resolved. The purpose of this research is the implementation of a WAN network using SD-WAN technology against two ISPs on the FortiGate router, as well as testing QoS (Quality of Service) that has been configured using the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) routing method. This research plan consists of ISP-A using IP-VPN (Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network) and ISP-B using broadband Internet. The test scenario was carried out using 3 methods, namely Full Service Scenario, Fail Over Scenario-1 when the IP VPN service is down and Fail Over Scenario-2 when the broadband Internet service is down. The final results of the research have obtained "Satisfactory" results for both services, including the average index on ISP-A and ISP-B of 3.7.

Mapping and Spatial Analysis to Expand Rural Broadband Access

High-speed broadband internet access is a critically important issue for many aspects of daily life, yet populations in rural areas are often unserved or underserved with reliable internet connectivity. Expanding broadband internet coverage in rural areas may have significant economic potential, especially since it enables precision farming which in turn increases yields, particularly for row crops such as corn and soybeans. This paper introduces methods that utilize GIS spatial analysis and remote sensing to assist in efforts to expand rural broadband access using case study counties in Illinois. Specifically, the methods presented here: (1) quantify current cropland production as well as future potential production in currently unserved or underserved rural areas; and (2) automate mapping of vertical assets from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data that may be utilized as high points to expand broadband coverage. Collectively, these methodologies may be used for policy advocacy and to inform the decision-making process as future broadband expansion initiatives are considered in rural areas.

Infrastructure System Obstacles and Technology Adoption by Firms in Transition Countries

Abstract This study uses business survey data to analyze firm perceptions of infrastructure systems in transition countries as obstacles to conducting business. Factors that contribute to reported perceptions are modeled, including country macroeconomic conditions, firm characteristics, and measures of overall reforms and infrastructure system reforms. Identified obstacles arise from binding constraints that limit economic growth, reflect implicit shadow costs, and signal areas in need of policy reform or infrastructure investment. The analysis covers electric power, telecommunications, transportation, and water and wastewater infrastructure systems. Also examined is whether transition indicators of reforms, intended to reflect improvements, are associated with perceptions of obstacles. Beyond identifying infrastructure obstacles and the effects of reforms during the transition process, we also explore firm adoptions of new electronic technologies, essentially a new infrastructure system, as they use email, websites, cell phones, and high-speed Internet in their business activity.

An assessment framework to evaluate the critical success factors to Quality 4.0 transition in developing countries: a case experience of sustainable performance of Indian manufacturers

PurposeThe research aims to develop an assessment framework that evaluates critical success factors (CSFs) for the Quality 4.0 (Q 4.0) transition among Indian firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the fuzzy-Delphi method to validate the results of a systematic literature review (SLR) that explores critical aspects. Further, the fuzzy decision-making trial and laboratory (DEMATEL) method determines the cause-and-effect link. The findings indicate that developing a Q 4.0 framework is essential for the long-term success of manufacturing companies. Utilizing the power of digital technology, data analytics and automation, manufacturing companies can benefit from the Q 4.0 framework. Product quality, operational effectiveness and overall business performance may all be enhanced by implementing the Q 4.0 transition framework.FindingsThe study highlights significant awareness of Q 4.0 in the Indian manufacturing sector that is acquired through various means such as training, experience, learning and research. However, most manufacturing industries in India still follow older quality paradigms. On the other hand, Indian manufacturing industries seem well-equipped to adopt Q 4.0, given practitioners' firm grasp of its concepts and anticipated benefits, including improved customer satisfaction, product refinement, continuous process enhancement, waste reduction and informed decision-making. Adoption hurdles involve challenges including reliable electricity access, high-speed Internet, infrastructure, a skilled workforce and financial support. The study also introduces a transition framework facilitating the shift from conventional methods to Q 4.0, aligned with the principles of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR).Research limitations/implicationsThis research exclusively examines the manufacturing sector, neglecting other fields such as medical, service, mining and construction. Additionally, there needs to be more emphasis on the Q 4.0 implementation frameworks within the scope of the study.Originality/valueThis may be the inaugural framework for transitioning to Q 4.0 in India's manufacturing sectors and, conceivably, other developing nations.

WiMAX Network Optimization Using Frame Period with Channel Allocation Techniques

Internet connectivity in WiMAX networks, along with various applications, is increasing rapidly, so the connectivity of internet and data transfer speed are always challenge for effective data transmission in wireless networks. Several factors affect the performance of networks. One important factor is to choose a suitable frame period for effective data transmissions. The performance of different frame period with round-robin and strict priority are evaluated in this work. A frame period in round robin performs better than a strict priority in terms of throughput, but a strict priority performs better in terms of drop rates is observed. This paper also demonstrates that an effective frame period, when combined with a proper bandwidth allocation algorithm, yields better results. This work gives the analysis that round robin performs 83.8847% better while strict priority performs 86.0020% better than the earliest deadline first algorithms for 10 subscriber stations in terms of throughput. This work is helpful to researchers and industrialists for actual implementations in WiMAX networks.

IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM JARINGAN INTERNET PT. INKA MULTI SOLUSI SERVICE BERBASIS ROUTER MIKROTIK

The high usage of internet networks, coupled with various direct and indirect attacks, will affect the activities on the internet network. The office of PT. INKA Multi Solusi Service, located in Madiun City, has each employee working with their own computers, and the office's internet speed is 150 Mbps. However, the internet network at PT. INKA Multi Solusi Service faces several optimization issues. Three of these issues are related to internet security login, bandwidth conflicts, and unrestricted website access, leading to virus-related problems. The proposed solution involves implementing the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) method, a bandwidth management technique used to control internet networks. HTB operates by allocating bandwidth hierarchically based on user needs. One of its advantages is that any unused bandwidth will be reallocated according to the priority needs of each user in a network. A captive portal will be implemented to protect the network from unauthorized users, ensuring that users have been granted permission to access the network through a username and password. Web filtering will safeguard internet users from harmful websites and restrict access to specific websites, especially those that could be potential sources of network viruses.

A cross-sectional study of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perceptions.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused an unprecedented pandemic for more than 2 years, affecting the lifestyle health, and education systems at the global level. During this long pandemic period, online learning was considered the only secure learning alternative. Multiple studies have demonstrated positive or negative perceptions related to online teaching. Through this study, we identified the perceptions and different challenges that online learning brought to the education of the students of Alexander Xhuvani University, Elbasan, focusing on their achievements. This cross-sectional study was conducted by Alexander Xhuvani University from March to May 2021. A questionnaire that assessed students' perceptions related to the effectiveness of distance learning was used for this study. This questionnaire had a Cronbach α value of 0.760. Students from two faculties were welcomed to be part of this survey and to fill out the questionnaire on the Google platform. The data of the online questionnaire was made in Excel format and then analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 20.0. Overall, 350 students were included in the study about 268 (76.6%) belong to the female gender, and most students 239 (68.3%) belong to the age group of 18-20 years. It is worth mentioning that 271 (77.4%) had a negative perception related to e-learning. Approximately, 201 (57.4%) of students encountered difficulties with the internet, 49 (14%) of cases reported a lack of technological equipment, and 111 (31.7%) encountered distraction while using the phone to listen to the online lesson. Problems with visual images and audio were also reported. As advantages, we mention freer time and greater flexibility in the learning process. Changes in health and management of online learning were observed in 123 (35.1%) of students, where loss of time and lack of concentration to learn, sleep problems, stress, anxiety, and fear were encountered the most. This is the first study in university education to assess students' perceptions and results achieved by online learning during our country's pandemic. Our study's findings show that 271 (77.4%) of participants have a negative perception of online learning. The most common challenges among students were Internet speed, a lack of technological equipment, and Internet disconnection. In terms of expectation fulfillment during online learning and assessment results, 245 (70%) of students' expectations were unsatisfied and unmet. These findings will address the gaps in the literature and may influence future online learning design in our country.

Hyperparameters optimization XGBoost for network intrusion detection using CSE-CIC-IDS 2018 dataset

<p>With the introduction of high-speed internet access, the demand for security and dependable networks has grown. In recent years, network attacks have gotten more complex and intense, making security a vital component of organizational information systems. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have become an essential detection technology to protect data integrity and system availability against such attacks. NIDS is one of the most well-known areas of machine learning software in the security field, with machine learni ng algorithms constantly being developed to improve performance. This research focuses on detecting abnormalities in societal infiltration using the hyperparameters optimization XGBoost (HO-XGB) algorithm with the Communications Security Establishment-The Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity-Intrusion Detection System2018 (CSE-CIC-IDS2018) dataset to get the best potential results. When compared to typical machine learning methods published in the literature, HO-XGB outperforms them. The study shows that XGBoost outperforms other detection algorithms. We refined the HO-XGB model's hyperparameters, which included learning_rate, subsample, max_leaves, max_depth, gamma, colsample_bytree, min_child_weight, n_estimators, max_depth, and reg_alpha. The experimental findings reveal that HO-XGB1 outperforms multiple parameter settings for intrusion detection, effectively optimizing XGBoost's hyperparameters.</p>

Adapting to Change: Facing the Challenges in Developing ESL Students’ Communicative Competence Online

Developing students’ communicative competence during the pandemic is not an easy task, especially with the abrupt shift to remote learning. This study is intended to explore the challenges faced by English as a Second Language (ESL) instructors in developing students’ communicative competence in an online classroom. This study involves three ESL instructors in a university, as well as three students from each instructor’s class. The chosen data collection methods were in-depth interviews and stimulated recall for the ESL instructors and focus group discussions for the students. The findings show that among the challenges faced by ESL instructors include the lack of student engagement and socialisation, the fact that the course was designed for physical classes, and the lack of access to high-speed internet. The students also shared their experiences when faced with these issues. It is hoped that ESL teachers, course developers and administrators can understand the issues faced by ESL instructors with remote learning to develop students’ communicative competence.

Change and Innovation Management for Successful Implementation of Post Covid-19 Reforms in Rivers State-Owned Universities

The study examined change and innovation management for successful implementation of post COVID-19 reforms in Rivers State-owned universities. Three objectives and three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all 100 heads of departments in Rivers State-owned universities: 65 from Rivers State University and 35 from Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. A simple random sampling technique was used to engage 73% of the entire population in the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled, “Change and Innovation Management for Successful Implementation of post COVID-19 Reforms in Rivers State-owned universities (CIMSIEP). The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's alpha internal consistency method. The average reliability index obtained for Sections A, B, and C respectively was 0.73. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions. The findings from this study aimed to investigate change and innovation management in the successful implementation of post COVID-19 reforms in Rivers State-owned universities, focusing on the adoption of digital learning platforms, professional development in innovative pedagogical approaches, and the impact of adherence to change among staff members. The study revealed that the adoption of digital learning platforms improves the successful implementation of post COVID-19 reforms in Rivers State-owned universities. The study recommends among others that universities should continue investing in robust digital infrastructure to support remote and hybrid learning, which includes ensuring widespread access to high-speed internet, updating technological resources, and implementing user-friendly digital platforms.

Analyzing the robustness of LEO satellite networks based on two different attacks and load distribution methods.

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have emerged as a promising architecture integrated with ground networks, which can offer high-speed Internet services to global users. However, the security challenges faced by satellite networks are increasing, with the potential for a few satellite failures to trigger cascading failures and network outages. Therefore, enhancing the robustness of the network in the face of cascading failures is of utmost importance. This paper aims to explore the robustness of LEO satellite networks when encountering cascading failures and then proposes a modeling method based on virtual nodes and load capacity. In addition, considering that the ground station layout and the number of connected satellites together determine the structure of the final LEO satellite network, we here propose an improved ground station establishment method that is more suitable for the current network model. Finally, the robustness of the LEO satellite networks is deeply studied under two different attacks and cost constraints. Simulations of LEO satellite networks with different topologies show that the maximum load attacks have a destructive impact on the network, which can be mitigated by adjusting the topology and parameters to ensure normal network operation. The current model and related results provide practical insights into the protection of LEO satellite networks, which can mitigate cascading risks and enhance the robustness of LEO systems.

Comparative Analysis of PCC and ECMP Methods in Load Balancing Using GNS3 Simulator

Judging from daily activities, human beings heavily rely on the internet for communication purposes. and exchange information using either social media applications or browsers, vonsistently fast internet speeds are incredibly beneficial for performing tasks and activities, particularly for students and professionals. A sluggish internet connection can be frustrating and may lead to interruptions in online activities and tasks if it persists. Hence, this study examines a comparative evaluation of two approaches, Per Connection Classifier (PCC) and Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) in Load Balancing through GNS3 simulation. Load balancing, as a method for evenly distributing traffic loads, and failover, as a backup mechanism when the main connection experiences problems. GNS3 is a graphical network simulator program that can transmit more complex network topologies compared to other simulators, for example Cisco Packet Tracer. The primary aim of this study is to comprehend how efficiently both techniques distribute traffic loads, maintaining smooth internet access, and increasing reliability. The PCC method produces better throughput, delay and jitter compared to the ECMP method, even though it has slightly different values for each QoS parameter. In testing traffic distribution, the PCC method outperforms the ECMP method. The PCC method can distribute traffic evenly across both ISP lines when downloading and uploading data packets. Meanwhile, the ECMP method can only carry out download and upload activities on one traffic path.

High speed broadband light spatial laser system with hybrid linear/parabolic/measured indexed multimode optical fibers performance signature

Abstract This work clarified various multimode fiber configurations with spatial continuous wave lasers based different coding configurations for high speed fiber systems. The optimum lighted power form after linear index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is clarified. The optimum lighted form power after parabolic index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is demonstrated. The max lighted form power after measured index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is illustrated. Optimum lighted form signal power variations after linear index multimode fibers versus time are demonstrated. The max optimum form signal band form power after parabolic index multimode fibers versus time is indicated. The max optimum lighted signal power after measured index multimode fibers versus time is clarified. Total lighted signal power form after linear index multimode fibers is demonstrated. The total lighted signal power form after parabolic index multimode fibers is clarified. Total lighted power signal form after measured index multimode fibers is clarified. Max optimum signal electrical power form amplitude after PIN photodetector based various index multimode fibers is simulated and studied. Total lighted base form power against MMF length for different proposed optical multimode fibers is studied. Signal base band per noise form ratio against MMF length for different base proposed band optical multimode fibers is demonstrated. Total signal form electrical band power against MMF length for different proposed optical multimode fibers is observed. Max Q base band factor form against MMF length for different base band proposed lighted multimode fibers is clarified.