Broadband Environment Research Articles

The Adoption Factors of Mobile Games in the Wireless Environment.

The factors that influence how people play mobile games have been studied from a variety of perspectives in the wireless broadband environment. The original data in the background of the game, such as user operation records, consumption records, and social behavior records, are converted into user attributes, user tags are generated, and data sets are constructed in this study, which primarily uses data mining technology to study user behavior and form user portraits. By incorporating the similarity of players' subspace interests into the CFR (collaborative filtering recommendation) algorithm, a personalized game recommendation model, as well as the relationship management level of mobile game players, is created. The final fusion model's ROC-AUC value is 0.921, which has a percentile enhancement effect, according to the results. The findings show that using a personalized game recommendation model can help to improve the scalability of the CFR algorithm and the impact of data scarcity on the quality of mobile games recommended by players.

Balancing Quality of Experience and Traffic Volume in Adaptive Bitrate Streaming

Adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming services have spread with advances in the codec, video streaming, and network technologies. For smooth video playback in ABR streaming services, a video player runs an ABR algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the bitrate of video data on the basis of the statuses of the network and player. Existing ABR algorithms calculate a suitable bitrate to maximize the quality of experience (QoE). However, providing a high-QoE video increases network investment costs and content delivery network (CDN) usage fees. According to a survey conducted by the Streaming Video Alliance, mobile users prefer low-traffic videos to high-QoE videos. To reduce traffic volume, commercial video-streaming services enable users to set an upper limit of the bitrate. However, this cannot always achieve the required QoE because they cannot select a high bitrate even when the communication environment improves during viewing. In this paper, we propose BANQUET, a novel ABR algorithm that can reduce the traffic volume while maintaining QoE above the target QoE. The target QoE can be set by users or streaming providers considering user's preferences or CDN budget. BANQUET selects a suitable bitrate by estimating QoE and traffic volume that will be experienced by all the bitrate patterns for the next several chunks on the basis of future throughput and a buffer transition calculation. The trace-based simulation showed that BANQUET reduces traffic volume 18.3%-51.2% on average in the mobile environment and 1.2%-38.3% in the broadband environment while maintaining QoE the same as or better than existing algorithms.

Radar digital beam research and battlefield experimental simulation of air-sea integrated

We have studied the electronic warfare design scheme of airborne integration sharing a radar digital beam. This multi-beam integration technology adaptively switches from one type of system radar to another type of system radar according to different detection targets..Due to various bandwidths, the study of various target spectrum conversions of different bandwidths from the notch angle, the narrowband interference in the broadband environment, and the interference of the spectrum template, it is adopted that the recursive neural network algorithm optimization using multiple beams,the beam forms a null trap at the frequency of the interference, thereby solving the waveform interference problem of different targets, and realizing the effect of the integrated communication of the air-sea integrated communication of the conformal antenna,and simulation experiments, and achieved good results.

Broadband Lamb shift in an engineered quantum system

The shift of energy levels owing to broadband electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, the Lamb shift, has been pivotal in the development of quantum electrodynamics and in understanding atomic spectra. Currently, small energy shifts in engineered quantum systems are of paramount importance owing to the extreme precision requirements in applications such as quantum computing. However, without a tunable environment it is challenging to resolve the Lamb shift in its original broadband case. Consequently, the observations in other than atomic systems are limited to environments comprised of narrow-band modes. Here, we observe a broadband Lamb shift in high-quality superconducting resonators, a scenario also accessing static shifts inaccessible in Lamb's experiment. We measure a continuous change of several megahertz in the fundamental resonator frequency by externally tuning the coupling strength of the engineered broadband environment which is based on hybrid normal-metal--superconductor tunnel junctions. Our results may lead to improved control of dissipation in high-quality engineered quantum systems and open new possibilities for studying synthetic open quantum matter using this hybrid experimental platform.

Delay of Superradiance as a Signature of the Non-Wiener Dynamics of the Generalized Dicke Model

Delay of a superradiance pulse of an ensemble of identical atoms in a half-excited state has been detected. No such delay has been detected for an ensemble of fully excited atoms. These effects are due to the nonresonant interaction of a localized atomic ensemble with vacuum broadband environment, which is disregarded within the traditional Dicke model but is taken into account within the generalized Dicke model.

Quantum probe of an on-chip broadband interferometer for quantum microwave photonics

Quantum microwave photonics aims at generating, routing, and manipulating propagating quantum microwave fields in the spirit of optical photonics. To this end, the strong nonlinearities of superconducting quantum circuits can be used to either improve or move beyond the implementation of concepts from the optical domain. In this context, the design of a well-controlled broadband environment for the superconducting quantum circuits is a central task. In this work, we place a superconducting transmon qubit in one arm of an on-chip Mach–Zehnder interferometer composed of two superconducting microwave beam splitters. By measuring its relaxation and dephasing rates we use the qubit as a sensitive spectrometer at the quantum level to probe the broadband electromagnetic environment. For frequencies near the qubit transition frequency, this environment can be well described by an ensemble of harmonic oscillators coupled to the transmon qubit. At low frequencies , we find experimental evidence for colored quasi-static Gaussian noise with a high spectral weight, as it is typical for ensembles of two-level fluctuators. Our work paves the way towards possible applications of propagating microwave photons, such as emulating quantum impurity models or a novel architecture for quantum information processing.

Migration to Broadband and Ubiquitous Environments by Using Fiber-Optic Technologies in Access/Home Areas

ABSTRACTThe recent dramatic advances in information and communication technologies have yielded new environments. However, adoption still differs area by area. To realize the future broadband environment that everyone can enjoy everywhere, several technical issues have to be resolved before network penetration becomes ubiquitous. One such key is the use of fiber optics for the home and mobile services. This article overviews initial observations drawn from numerical survey data gathered over the last decade in several countries/regions, and gives some example scenarios for network/service evolution. One result implies that implementing new/future services must consider the gross domestic product impact.

Multi-State Quantum Dissipative Dynamics in Sub-Ohmic Environment: The Strong Coupling Regime

We study the dissipative quantum dynamics and the asymptotic behavior of a particle in a bistable potential interacting with a sub-Ohmic broadband environment. The reduced dynamics, in the intermediate to strong dissipation regime, is obtained beyond the two-level system approximation by using a real-time path integral approach. We find a crossover dynamic regime with damped intra-well oscillations and incoherent tunneling and a completely incoherent regime at strong damping. Moreover, a nonmonotonic behavior of the left/right well population difference is found as a function of the damping strength.

Rethinking Taiwan's universal service policy in the broadband environment

Universal service policy and broadband policy have been discussed by many advanced countries for over a decade. They continue to be important policies in these countries because they bridge the digital divide and increase effectiveness and competitiveness. In recent years, another issue related to these two policies is whether the universal service policy could be extended to include broadband. In 2003, the OECD started to debate the preconditions for widening the scope of the universal service obligation to include broadband. In 2005, the EU also began formal public consultations to discuss the possibility of revising the Universal Service Directive to include broadband as part of the universal service obligation. In 2006, the government of Taiwan revised the universal service regulation to extend the scope of this service to broadband in uneconomic areas. This paper aims to re-examine Taiwan's universal service policy in the broadband environment. It discusses whether the government of Taiwan has adopted the broadband universal service policy in legal terms, and asks what the connection should be between universal service policy and broadband policy in Taiwan.

Quantum theory of open systems based on stochastic differential equations of generalized Langevin (non-Wiener) type

It is shown that the effective Hamiltonian representation, as it is formulated in author’s papers, serves as a basis for distinguishing, in a broadband environment of an open quantum system, independent noise sources that determine, in terms of the stationary quantum Wiener and Poisson processes in the Markov approximation, the effective Hamiltonian and the equation for the evolution operator of the open system and its environment. General stochastic differential equations of generalized Langevin (non-Wiener) type for the evolution operator and the kinetic equation for the density matrix of an open system are obtained, which allow one to analyze the dynamics of a wide class of localized open systems in the Markov approximation. The main distinctive features of the dynamics of open quantum systems described in this way are the stabilization of excited states with respect to collective processes and an additional frequency shift of the spectrum of the open system. As an illustration of the general approach developed, the photon dynamics in a single-mode cavity without losses on the mirrors is considered, which contains identical intracavity atoms coupled to the external vacuum electromagnetic field. For some atomic densities, the photons of the cavity mode are “locked” inside the cavity, thus exhibiting a new phenomenon of radiation trapping and non-Wiener dynamics.

Application of multimedia services in the broadband environment to improve logistic needs of the army

The paper analyzes the flow of some multimedia services, and points to the possibility of applying some of the services in the broadband environment to improve the logistic needs of the army. The need to convey information in different forms (from text, data, graphics, still pictures to video motion pictures) is increasing continually. Requests for information transfer in high resolution require increasing the flow to several dozens of Mb/s. Broadband represents the platform for a wide range of multimedia services. Each multimedia service requires a certain flow which can be partially decreased with advanced coding techniques.

Measurement scheme for the Lamb shift in a superconducting circuit with broadband environment

Motivated by recent experiments on quantum mechanical charge pumping in a Cooper pair sluice, we present a measurement scheme for observing shifts of transition frequencies in two-level quantum systems induced by broadband environmental fluctuations. In contrast to quantum optical and related set-ups based on cavities, the impact of a thermal phase reservoir is considered. A thorough analysis of Lamb and Stark shifts within weak-coupling master equations is complemented by non-perturbative results for the model of an exactly solvable harmonic system. The experimental protocol to measure the Lamb shift in experimentally feasible superconducting circuits is analysed in detail and supported by numerical simulations.

Security of MBAN based Health Records in Mobile Broadband Environment

Strong developments in mobile computing and web systems within the last decade have led to their integration in different aspects of our life. This has enabled us to explore new possibilities in the healthcare sector in the form of real time health monitoring and diagnosis systems. Mobile broadband technologies like WiMAX and LTE are being introduced at a rapid pace. This will lead to the development of healthcare systems involving round-the-clock mobile health monitoring, high volume data transmission for remote tests and diagnosis and other real time applications. There are several security issues that should be addressed to enable secured medical data transfer in a mobile broadband environment. In this work, we identify all such security issues and vulnerabilities involving transmission of medical data and propose a security scheme to address some of these issues.

Competitive advantage of broadband Internet: a comparative study between South Korea and the United States

As telecommunications and computing technologies continue to evolve and shape the global business environment, the broadband Internet readiness of a country becomes an increasingly significant aspect in affecting a country's global competitiveness. Currently South Korea is ahead of the United States in the deployment of broadband Internet connection. What factors have contributed to South Korea's competitive broadband environment? An analytical framework is proposed to compare the development of broadband Internet in South Korea and the United States. It is found that the two nations’ differences in their broadband Internet developments might be explained by a combination of policy, consumer demands, and supporting/related technologies issues.

Expressive communication and human development in the new broadband environment

An understanding of the structure and functions of expressive communication in face-to-face communication and audiovisual media can inform the development of new educational services for human development across cultures in the emerging broadband environment.

Theorizing the Strategic Architecture of a Broadband Television Industry

The emerging broadband environment is pushing forward a new phase of development for the television medium. Just as the introduction of cable television added the multichannel, narrow-casting capability to broadcast television, the arrival of the Internet and the broadband infrastructure brought more enhanced functions such as interactivity and personalization to cable television. This article introduces a strategic architecture that depicts the roles of various channel members and the interrelationships between them in the emerging broadband television industry by incorporating the concepts of value chain and complementary convergence. Contrary to the belief that the broadband industry would present a truly converged system in which firms from the multichannel television and telephone sectors compete in one another's market with bundled services, this article anticipates a broadband market that continues to offer telecommunications and video programming products under two separate interfacing devices and different distribution infrastructures because of the importance of preserving the unique characteristics of each product.

The next challenge

We in the technology community and marketplace have experienced many events in 2001. The downturn of the IT industry’s economic boom became obvious to everybody, and sales figures for PCs and servers declined. The traditional demand for computers has reached a plateau, it seems. The bulk of new equipment purchases now comes from existing computer users and owners. We have seen the failures of many dotcoms in the broadband, mobile, and wireless fields. However, this seems to be a temporary situation, caused by overly optimistic investment and poor planning by the failed companies. We always need some adjustment—including (sadly) the failure of rushed business ventures— when a new technology appears and is accepted by the market and society, changing the technological infrastructure. Today, many people want a fast Internet connection that they can use everywhere. We have evolved past the phase when only technical geeks played with the broadband environment. In this new phase, many ordinary users choose broadband technology, even when they don’t possess much computer and technical knowledge. The need for faster connections is strong, and no end to technological progress is in sight. The current IT industry is not quite amenable to the short-time attention of investors. However, actually, this is the time for the really skilled engineers and developers to sit and develop the next-generation technology, and to do this while avoiding the influence from short-span market fluctuations. In this issue, we present selected articles from the Hot Interconnects 9 conference. IEEE Micro has featured Hot Interconnects as a special theme issue for the last several years, offering valuable content to Micro readers. The Guest Editors’ Introduction to this issue appears on page 8. The issue covers wide-ranging topics, including the network architecture of microprocessors, server interconnects, clustering technology, efficient compaction of routing tables, and IP processing layers for reconfigurable processors. I hope Micro readers find these articles as interesting as I did. Please enjoy.

Tariffing in the new IP/ATM environment

Abstract Public telecommunication operators chose ATM as their solution for BISDN in 1989—that same year that the Internet took off. Progress has been hesitant and slow; while questions of network architecture and standards have remained unresolved, the fundamental issue holding back the roll out of ATM and BISDN is the reluctance of the PTOs to alter their outmoded tariff structures. A new pricing model is therefore necessary for managing the transition to the future ATM/IP broadband environment.

Managing a broadband environment: "you can't buck the market"

Demand for bandwidth seems unstoppable, and investment in network infrastructure is massive. There is a desire that network operators be able to manage these networks in an efficient manner, with flexibility to support new customer service opportunities faster and cheaper. Network operators are looking to standards to help them meet this challenge. The telecommunications management network (TMN) model, so effective in describing how management information must support needs at the element, network, and service levels, provides a good starting point. However, if the supporting standards are not developed and used wisely, a TMN approach can have the opposite effect of adding cost and removing flexibility. Technology-specific stovepipes may make it impossible to manage services across a range of technologies. The authors express their views on the need for a service-driven approach to standards implementation. They point out specific challenges operators will face as they approach their management systems' needs for broadband services, and encourage service providers and network operators to take a more proactive role in defining their needs.

Separating infrastructure and service provision: The broadband imperative

Abstract The advent of broadband transmission and cheap processing power alters the economics of network provision radically. Electronic highways become practicable, but the existing organization of PTOs and existing regulatory frameworks based on the economics of narrowband network provision are obstacles to the optimal introduction and exploitation of superabundant transmission capacity. The separation of network provision from service provision is perhaps a precondition for both customers and service providers to maximize benefits in a broadband environment. This Comment examines some of the transitional issues involved - structural and unstructural separation - and suggests they may dominate the regulatory agenda for the 21st century.