Broad Mass Research Articles

Alexander Pushkin and His Literary Heritage in the Soviet Union in 1917–1937: from Criticism to Veneration

The article takes the process of changing attitudes to the creative heritage of Alexander Pushkin in the Soviet state as the subject of research. The goal of the research is to reveal the role played by the heritage of Alexander Pushkin in the policy of the so‑called “cultural revolution” and to what extent it contributed to the revolution’s success. Within the framework of this goal, the following tasks were set: to identify which political circumstances influenced the process under review, how strong was the overestimation of the significance of Pushkin’s creative heritage, what role it played against the background of ideological education. The task was also to consider specific events and, first of all, the 100th anniversary of the poet’s death as the moment of the final consolidation of Pushkin’s top position in the pantheon of Russian classics. The novelty of the research consists in considering changes in the attitude towards Pushkin and his creative heritage in conjunction with changes in theoretical objectives that determined the cultural development of the country. In the course of the research, the following conclusions were successfully reached. Despite the paramount importance of the theory of “two cultures” and the ideological attitudes of the Soviet government in its early years, in terms of which Pushkin as a representative of the exploiter class had to be criticized, there was no complete denial of his creative work even among the representatives of the Proletkult (the Proletarian Culture movement). At the time the cultural uniformity was established through the use of the only possible artistic method — socialist realism with highly valued ideologic content, simplicity and concreteness — models for inspiration were actively looked for. Eventually, the simplicity and national spirit of Pushkin’s characters managed to satisfy the demands in the best way possible. Despite the fact that the preparation and celebration of the Pushkin jubilee in 1937 were held according to the rules set by ideological campaigns, it had a tremendous positive effect and introduced Pushkin’s works to the broad masses of people. Pushkin’s creativity captivated millions of people. From there, we can say that the cultural development of the Soviet Union cannot be perceived one‑sidedly.

Confronting solutions of the Gallium Anomaly with reactor rate data

Recently, several models have been suggested to reduce the tension between Gallium and reactor antineutrino spectral ratio data which is found in the framework of 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing. Among these models, we consider the extensions of 3+1 mixing with a finite wavepacket size, or the decay of the heaviest neutrino ν4, or the possibility to have a broad ν4 mass distribution. We consider the reactor antineutrino rate data and we show that these models cannot eliminate the tension between Gallium and reactor rate data that is found in the 3+1 neutrino mixing framework. Indeed, we show that the parameter goodness of fit remains small. We consider also a model which explains the Gallium Anomaly with non-standard decoherence in the framework of three-neutrino mixing. We find that it is compatible with the reactor rate data.

The course of the communist party of China of leading Chinese people to conquer difficulties over the past century, and its summation of experience, and implication of the times

The experience of the Communist Party of China over the past century is a great course of leading Chinese people to constantly conquer difficulties and finally achieve victory. The Communist Party of China has always adhered to the fundamental guidance of Marxism, kept emancipating our mind and enhancing our theoretical confidence, and formed valuable experience in leading the people to conquer difficulties. In the new era, the Communist Party of China relies on the broad masses, strengthens the “four-sphere confidence”, improves the combination of ideological Party-building and institutional Party governance and other innovations of the times, and starts a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

Prediction of ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(II) and Pb(II) chlorides with potential applications as p-type transparent conductors.

Non-metallic Sn(II) and Pb(II) compounds, particularly those with p-type properties, are essential functional materials due to their notable electronic arrangement and chemical characteristics. The presence of additional Sn(II) and Pb(II) chlorides is suggested by the existence of known Sn(II) and Pb(II) compounds. By utilizing first-principles calculations and swarm intelligence structure search techniques, we have predicted the existence of up to seven new ternary alkaline-earth metal chlorides: ABCl4 (where A = Sr and B = Sn or Pb) and AB2Cl6 (where A = Mg, Ca, or Ba and B = Sn, or A = Ca or Sr and B = Pb). These seven chlorides are in the divalent state. The interaction between Sn-5s (or Pb-6s) and Cl-3p in these compounds creates an anti-bonding effect in the upper valence bands, which enhances defect tolerance and promotes high p-type conductivity. These stable chlorides exhibit notable electronic properties, including wide band gaps ranging from 3.91 to 4.94 eV, broad hole effective masses ranging from 0.93 to 5.62 m0, and high valence band alignments ranging from 6.83 to 8.38 eV under vacuum. In particular, Ca/BaSn2Cl6 and CaPb2Cl6 have the potential to be used as p-type transparent conductors due to their favorable properties, including a lower hole effective mass (0.93 m0 for CaPb2Cl6) and higher ionization potentials (6.83/7.05 eV for Ba/CaSn2Cl6). Furthermore, the predicted CaPb2Cl6 crystal exhibits attenuated negative linear compressibility and negative zero-linear-compressibility along the c-axis in different pressure ranges due to its wine-rack structure. This report highlights potential applications for alkaline-earth metal Sn(II) and Pb(II) chlorides, including their use as transparent conductors, particularly p-type conductors.

О первоначальной редакции пьесы «Страх» сталинского драматурга Александра Афиногенова. 1930-е гг.

The article examines the work of Stalinist playwright Alexander Nikolaevich Afinogenov (1904-1941) through the prism of his complicity in the ideological campaigns of the Bolshevik Party. The study of the impact of party-state ideology on the broad masses of people during the Stalinist era is a priority direction of historical science. However, this direction needs further thematic and problematic expansion. The ideological campaigns of the Bolshevik Party in the 1930s found their artistic expression on the theatrical stage, in the plays of the most famous playwrights. This interaction between propaganda and theater art has not been studied sufficiently. There are practically no generalizing works. This is partly due to the fact that sufficient empirical material has not yet been accumulated. Almost every play by A. N. Afinogenov corresponded to one or another vector of the ideological struggle of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. The play "Fear" (1931), which became a full-scale artistic expression of one of the most powerful ideological campaigns conducted by the Bolshevik Party until the time of the "Great Terror" - the campaign to "purge" state and party organs, is of particular interest. The original manuscript of this play, found in the Moscow Art Theatre Museum, significantly expands the understanding of how the play was understood by contemporaries. The initiator of the changes in the text of the play was K. S. Stanislavsky, who persuaded A. N. Afinogenov to introduce the figure of the "investigator" into the play. A. N. Afinogenov significantly remade the main pictures of the play - the eighth and ninth, in fact, they were rewritten anew. The play "Fear" was staged in two theaters - in the State Drama Theater (Leningrad) and in the Moscow Art Theater (Moscow). In Leningrad, where the performances began earlier than in Moscow, they used the original text of the play (at least until the end of 1931), and in Moscow used the revised version. This in no way contradicted A. N. Afinogenov, the playwright, who saw his work as a continuation of the ideological struggle in the artistic images of Soviet dramaturgy. In the found original version of the play and in the revised version there are different accents in the characterization of the characters of the play (in the eighth and ninth pictures, the final ones). But it was not the artistic side of the theatrical work that mattered, but the ideological basis, the meaning of which in both editions was reduced to the most important postulate of totalitarianism - to recognize the class basis of morality, to renounce oneself, one's views, one's "own" science, to erase one's former life in order to enter the "objective" state of collective unanimity without one's own personality.

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКІ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The aim of this study is to identify ways to enhance the efficiency of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the context of digitalization. It has been established that the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems is crucial for ensuring sustainable economic growth and innovation, particularly amidst rapid digitalization and globalization. Key factors influencing the formation and development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the modern digital age are identified. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are seen as part of a broader system that includes interactions between entrepreneurs, investors, educational institutions, government agencies, and other stakeholders. The ecosystem approach to entrepreneurship, especially in digitalization, is a tool for creating new business opportunities and ensuring sustainable economic development. Digital technologies play a crucial role in modern entrepreneurial ecosystems by promoting the development of new business models, increasing business process efficiency, and creating new opportunities for innovation. These technologies include social networks, crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Successful digital entrepreneurial ecosystems are characterized by effective interaction between components and the use of digital technologies. Examples include platforms like Uber, Airbnb, and Google for Startups. Digital technologies significantly enhance entrepreneurial ecosystems by providing quick access to information, reducing transaction costs, improving communication quality, and involving broad masses in innovation and entrepreneurship. The ecosystem approach to entrepreneurship in digitalization is a powerful tool for creating new opportunities and ensuring sustainable development. It allows the creation of more resilient and competitive business models by ensuring effective interaction between ecosystem components and promoting new business opportunities. Digital technologies form the foundation of modern entrepreneurial ecosystems by enhancing process efficiency, expanding innovation opportunities, and involving a wider audience in entrepreneurial activities.

Погромы и грабежи церковной собственности в начальный период Гражданской войны

The article explores the looting and pogroms of church property during the first year of the Russian Civil War. At that time, not only were monasteries plundered, but also some temples connected in one way or another with property owners became objects of pogroms. Witnesses of these events were often bewildered by the cruelty and indifference to their shrines that were demonstrated by Orthodox laity during these robberies and defeats. The perpetrators were mainly local peasants, often accompanied by soldiers. While sacrilegious acts sometimes occurred during these attacks, it is inaccurate to attribute them solely to the influence of Bolshevik agitation or anti-religious attitudes of the rioters. Peasants who committed a pogrom against a monastery or parish church could demand from a terrified priest to take less money for fulfilling their demands. Moreover, many of the clergy and the monk were local residents and the attackers knew them. Both wealthy and impoverished monasteries suffered significant losses during these attacks. At the same time, especially in urban areas, the broad masses of the people could stop the actions of the authorities directed against church property. For example, a huge number of the capital's population came to the defense of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, but pogrom sentiments still prevailed. Many, including church leaders, considered the events to be the collapse of the Slavophile doctrine of the “God-bearing people”б interpreting the population’s actions as a rebellion against the Church and a resurgence of pagan influences.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИДЕАЛА В КОНТЕКСТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИДЕАЛЬНОГО Д. В. ПИВОВАРОВА

The author addresses the urgent problem of the formation and development of a new ecological culture as a strategically important task in the conditions of the ecological crisis. Developing the heuristic potential of the synthetic concept of culture and D. V. Pivovarov’s concept of the ideal, the author analyzes the possibility of understanding the essence of ecological culture based on this concept, the possibility of constructing the ecological culture of the future society based on the concept of the ideal. The key importance of the ideal in the formation of culture is substantiated. The article discusses three models of idealization in the ecological context and the manifestations of these ways of idealization in modern reality. The author analyzes the birth of a new ecological ideal in the format of a specific subjective image of the objective world, embodied in numerous texts of ecophilosophists, which, according to the author, have a limited impact on the broad masses of the population. Тhe author sees the reasons for this in the scientific style of texts and the lack of attractiveness for a modern person of the world order proposed by ecophilosophists. The possibility of the emergence of ecological religion on the principles of metaconfessionality, ecocentrism and biocentrism is interpreted. Modern ecological practices are considered as the second way of idealization, which involves the transformation of activities based on the criterion of long-term, long-term and multidimensional benefits based on the universal value of nature and the remoteness of the consequences of environmental management. To effectively use this path of idealization, support from the state, the media, elites, etc. is needed. The transformation of images-ideals of an ecological nature, embodied, for example, in the change of the aesthetic ideal, is discussed. The article interprets ecotopia as an integral mechanism of idealization, reflecting all the listed models of idealization. As a result of the research, the problems of the correlation of ecological values and ideals with the values of individualism and collectivism are revealed, the need for a new understanding of the idea of the «common good», the search for the ecological meaning of the concept of «quality of life», the study of possible forms of the sacralization of nature in modern conditions is revealed. The results of the research can be used in the implementation of environmental policy to create conditions for the sustainable development of society, in pedagogical design of ways to form environmental values, in ecophilosophical research of the search for strategies for survival and sustainable development.

Геральдический потенциал монет миланских Сфорца в начале XVI в.

On the coins of the dynasty of the Sforza dukes of Milan of the 16th century, various heraldic elements were minted – coats of arms, verbal and pictorial mottos, armorial figures, etc. Of-ten these elements were multiplied, creating an effect of symbolic concentration for the purpose of baroque multiplication of entities through repetition of stylistic elements. This was one important way of promoting the power of the Visconti-Sforza family, by means of which their hereditary rights to this power, the unity of their clan, the Christian basis of their power and their kinship with other aristocratic families of Italy were manifested. Un-like many dynasties of rulers of Italian polities (counties, marquisates, and duchies) who were granted the right to mint coinage, the Sforza predominantly used their clan mottos rather than their personal mottos in their coins. The coins were distributed among the local population and thus appealed to the broad masses of the subjects of the Sforza dukes. The semiotics of the elements of the coin decoration referred both to the actual contemporary politics of Europe and to the historical and cultural heritage of Italy. Coins with Visconti-Sforza emblematic continue to remind us of the Dukes of Milan even today.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ДИСКУРС ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ЗАСАД РОЗУМІННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article analyzes theoretical scientific approaches of foreign and Ukrainian scientists regarding to the definition of the «digital economy» concept in an economic discourse. It was defined, that the global informatization together with science and technological progress in the field of information and communication technologies, fundamentally influenced on the further formation of the digital economy and the main components, which contribute to its future development. It has been proved, that the digital economy is the next stage of the post-industrial paradigm of the global economy development, because thanks to the science and technological progress more and more everyday operations and business processes take place though to the internet network use. It was emphasized that the digital economy creates digital assets, transforms traditional business processes into digital ones, with which production, logistics, services, sales and advertising are critically depends on a number of information and communication technologies of Industry 4:0. Understanding the theoretical foundations for understanding digital economy is an extremely important element in the research of the digital issues, because all the economic and social advantages that it carries to the country are imperatives for its survival, competitiveness and transparency, which ultimately ensures long-term economic growth and high life standards of the citizens. The basis of the digital economy development in the transformation conditions from the traditional economy are such: forming political will for digital reforms conducting in country, the presence of an appropriate digital infrastructure, the ability to implement information and communication technologies into existing service and manufacturing industries, the affordability in price of IT equipment among the broad masses of the population. The country’s Government policy should be aimed to promoting of the innovative development of its economy, financial support of inventors and high-tech manufacturing with focusing on the intellectual capital while creating a high-level educational and business environment.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В БИРЖЕВУЮ ТОРГОВЛЮ

This article discusses the issue of the introduction of artificial intelligence into stock trading systems. It is worth noting that algorithmic trading remains a fairly popular tool among individuals and institutional investors for a long time. The process of development of these trading systems is natural and natural. In many ways, it ensures the development of the financial market, increasing its accessibility to the broad masses of potential investors. It is worth noting that today the principles of using artificial intelligence in the financial market are not perfect. Many major players limit his capabilities, leaving him the role of a kind of adviser and analyst. Nevertheless, now such tools face an important task – to ensure the reproduction of the algorithm of their work in order to be able to be used in non-standard situations.

Research on Planning and Design of Landmark Landscape Architecture Integrating China Traditional Culture

Traditional culture is a culture formed by a nation in the process of civilization evolution, which can reflect the national characteristics and ideological style, and is the overall expression of the Chinese people's thoughts, feelings, ideological forms and aesthetic concepts. China's traditional culture is the historical precipitation of our country after thousands of years, which contains rich cultural connotations and has a very broad mass base and cultural heritage needs. Integrating traditional cultural elements into the planning and design of landmark landscape architecture requires landscape designers to deeply explore local traditional culture and show it with modern elements to create a harmonious living environment rich in traditional beauty. This paper mainly analyzes the necessity of the application of traditional culture in the planning and design of landmark landscape architecture, expounds the principles of the planning and design of landmark landscape architecture in the context of traditional cultural elements, and then explains the application of China traditional culture in the planning and design of landmark landscape architecture, aiming at making people feel the beauty of traditional culture while tasting modern cities, enhancing people's cultural self-confidence and enhancing the intimacy of urban landscape.

Direct Statistical Constraints on the Natal Kick Velocity of a Black Hole in an X-Ray Quiet Binary

In recent years, a handful of “dark” binaries have been discovered with a nonluminous compact object. Astrometry and radial velocity measurements of the bright companion allow us to measure the post-supernova orbital elements of such a binary. In this paper, we develop a statistical formalism to use such measurements to infer the pre-supernova orbital elements, and the natal kick imparted by the supernova (SN). We apply this formalism to the recent discovery of an X-ray quiet binary with a black hole, VFTS 243, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Assuming an isotropic, Maxwellian distribution on natal kicks and using broad agnostic mass priors, we find that kick velocity can be constrained to V k < 72 km s−1 at 90% confidence. We find that a Blaauw kick cannot be ruled out, and that at least about 0.6M ⊙ was lost during the supernova with 90% confidence. The pre-SN orbital separation is found to be robustly constrained to be around 0.3 au.

Development of a high-voltage radio frequency power supply for quadrupole mass spectrometers with a wide dynamic measurement range

The core component of a quadrupole mass spectrometer is the quadrupole mass filter, serving a crucial role in ion analysis. It operates by applying two sets of high-voltage, high-frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposing phases through the radio frequency power supply, capitalizing on variations in the electric field and differences in mass-to-charge ratios to separate incoming ions. This study leverages direct digital frequency synthesis technology and multi-stage voltage amplification techniques to design a tailored radio frequency power supply for quadrupole mass spectrometers with a broad mass range. Practical testing demonstrates that this power supply generates radio frequency high-voltage signals with a peak-to-peak voltage ranging from 2.210 V to 4.220 kV at a resonant frequency of 1.240 MHz, facilitating the separation of ions with distinct m/z values. Furthermore, the radio frequency power supply is integrated into a Self-developed quadrupole mass spectrometer, enabling an assessment of the mass range, resolution, stability of the spectrometer. The results of these assessments confirm that the developed power supply accommodates scanning of m/z value ions in the range of 1 to 1067 while maintaining an absolute resolution of less than m/z = 1 units and an instrument stability of 2.00% over four hours.and keywords.

Religion as a factor of systemic social changes: the specifics of current situation

The one of results of secularization was diminishing of religion capacity to affect on social processes, in particular on social changes. At the same time there are enough examples from different countries when religion was significant for social changes, their direction and extent. Religious agents have participated in processes of democratization (but have supported conservative and authoritarian turns also), have promoted some changes of values and norms in the middle of broad masses. Such influence was making by religious organizations and communities mainly. They provided moral support of actions, directed to changing of social conditions, supported and promoted progressive and humanistic ideas, directly participated in social and political activity for the some programs, legitimized changes and de- legitimized existing order, was a means for mobilization of masses, acted as a part of civil society. But in modern societies, there are number of limitations for religious possibility to support the social changes or to direct implement them. Namely it is about the depth of personal religiosity of broad mass, the capacity of religion to give new ideas, related to secular norms of life (ideas which are inside of religious teaching, or promoted and supported by religious organizations), the presence of cooperation between religious organizations and secular institutions and communities). In secular societies, the possibilities of influence of religious actors are quite limited both for self-sufficiency (only combination of activity of secular and religious actors can be successful), and for extent (religious agents makes local effects of changes and changes in some social sphere or segments), and have extended in time efficiency. The turn of state to religious organizations for help in realization some plans of social transformations appears to be justified, but for realization of such politics great caution is required and such cooperation is must be a part of long strategy.

NERSES SHNORHALI IN THE EVALUATION OF FRENCH AND FRENCH-SPEAKING FOREIGN ARMENOLOGISTS

French and French-speaking foreign scholars studying Armenian medieval literature could not help but pay special attention to the literary heritage of Nerses Shnorhali. Firstly, the fame of Shnorhali went beyond the borders of both Cilician Armenia and Greater Armenia. Secondly, he was a prominent theologian, politician and chronicler who brought great innovations to Armenian literature. Certain types of Shnorhali’s works are closely related to early Renaissance thinking. As writes Frederic Feidy, the most prominent armenologist of the second half of the twentieth century, in the preface to the French translation of the complete collection of the epic David of Sasun, published in Paris in 1964, Shnorhali played a very important role in strengthening the Christian spirit among the Armenian people. Nerses Shnorhali, born three quarters of a century before François of Assises, became a proponent of the reform known as Gallicism. Shnorhali tried to bring Christianity closer to believing people. The result of his innovation was the lyrics, created in the language of the people, which was highly understandable to the broad masses of his time. Folk lyrics boldly entered Armenian literature. The founder of Armenian studies in France, A.-J. Saint-Martin paid great attention to the works of Nerses Shnorhali. According to his gifted student Marie Félicité Brosset, he planned to translate the works of Schnorhali. This plan did not come to fruition due to the untimely death of Saint-Martin. Édouard Dulaurier gave a detailed reference to Shnorhali's historical verse work Epic Verses which included a French translation of the Lamentations on Edessa, written in 1145, in the huge book "Collection of Armenian Documents of the Historians of the Crusaders", with appropriate comments and annotations. The Belgian French-speaking Armenologist Félix Nève, in his monumental work Christian Armenia and Its Literature, published in Louvain in 1886, devoted a separate section to the work of Nerses Shnorhali, also translating his hymns. Felix Nève's book most fully presents the personality and work of Shnorhali, emphasizing the innovative nature of his work. French armenologists spoke with admiration of the work of Nerses Shnorhali, emphasizing both his national and universal orientation.

Informing the ‘Broad Masses’: Early‐Twentieth‐Century Birth Control Debates and Activism in the Polish‐American Community

AbstractDuring 1925–26 and 1928, debates about birth control took place in the readers' column of North Star (Gwiazda Polarna), a US Polish language weekly. These discussions provide a rare insight into how ideas spread by the US birth control movement were received by an immigrant and ethnic working‐class Catholic community. The readers’ letters showed the prevalence of socialist rationales for birth control, expectation from men to play an active role in family limitation, the lack of references to women's sexual pleasure and an ambivalence towards the teachings of the Catholic Church. In the wake of the discussion, one North Star editor established a birth control association to inform the ‘broad masses’. This role was also played by the North Star letters, which spread family planning information and dispelled the misconceptions regarding birth control possessed by many Polish‐Americans at that time.

Identifying the discs, bulges, and intra-halo light of simulated galaxies through structural decomposition

ABSTRACT We perform a structural decomposition of galaxies identified in three cosmological hydrodynamical simulations by applying Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to the kinematics of their stellar particles. We study the resulting disc, bulge, and intra-halo light (IHL) components of galaxies whose host dark matter haloes have virial masses in the range M200 = 1011–$10^{15}\, {\rm M_\odot }$. Our decomposition technique isolates galactic discs whose mass fractions, fdisc, correlate strongly with common alternative morphology indicators; for example, fdisc is approximately equal to κco, the fraction of stellar kinetic energy in corotation. The primary aim of our study, however, is to characterize the IHL of galaxies in a consistent manner and over a broad mass range, and to analyse its properties from the scale of galactic stellar haloes up to the intra-cluster light. Our results imply that the IHL fraction, fIHL, has appreciable scatter and is strongly correlated with galaxy morphology: at fixed stellar mass, the IHL of disc galaxies is typically older and less massive than that of spheroids. Above $M_{200}\approx 10^{13}\, {\rm M_\odot }$, we find, on average, fIHL ≈ 0.37, albeit with considerable scatter. The transition radius beyond which the IHL dominates the stellar mass of a galaxy is roughly $30\, {\rm kpc}$ for disc galaxies, but depends strongly on halo mass for spheroids. However, we find that no alternative IHL definitions – whether based on the ex situ stellar mass, or the stellar mass outside a spherical aperture – reproduce our dynamically defined IHL masses.

Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST.

The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)1, sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs)2 and likely production sites for heavy-element nucleosynthesis by means of rapid neutron capture (the r-process)3. Here we present observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 230307A. We show that GRB 230307A belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs associated with compact object mergers4-6 and contains a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo, associated with the GW merger GW170817 (refs. 7-12). We obtained James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy 29 and 61 days after the burst. The spectroscopy shows an emission line at 2.15 microns, which we interpret as tellurium (atomic mass A = 130) and a very red source, emitting most of its light in the mid-infrared owing to the production of lanthanides. These observations demonstrate that nucleosynthesis in GRBs can create r-process elements across a broad atomic mass range and play a central role in heavy-element nucleosynthesis across the Universe.

Neutron stars as photon double-lenses: Constraining resonant conversion into ALPs

Axion-photon conversion is a prime mechanism to detect axion-like particles that share a coupling to the photon. We point out that in the vicinity of neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, magnetars, the effective photon mass receives comparable but opposite contributions from free electrons and the radiation field. This leads to an energy-dependent resonance condition for conversion that can be met for arbitrary light axions and leveraged when using systems with detected radio component. Using the magnetar SGR J1745-2900 as an exemplary source, we demonstrate that sensitivity to |gaγ|∼10−12GeV−1 or better can be gained for ma≲10−6eV, with the potential to improve current constraints on the axion-photon coupling by more than one order of magnitude over a broad mass range. With growing insights into the physical conditions of magnetospheres of magnetars, the method hosts the potential to become a serious competitor to future experiments such as ALPS-II and IAXO in the search for axion-like particles.