English Literature Research Articles

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene caused by urosepsis: Case reports and literature review.

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a serious and rare complication in patients with urosepsis, characterized by distal limb symmetry impairment. In this study, 3 cases of SPG caused by urosepsis were reported, and the Chinese and English literature on SPG caused by urosepsis was reviewed. The demographic, clinicopathological, treatment, and follow-up data of the patients were summarized and analyzed. SPG was diagnosed with clinical symptoms. We conducted urological invasive surgery, administered anti-infective therapy, implemented fluid resuscitation and blood product transfusion, provided mechanical ventilation support, optimized myocardial contractility, administered heparin and B vitamins, utilized papaverine for vasodilation, performed hemodialysis and plasma exchange, peripheral skin warming along with other treatment modalities. Two patients died and 1 patient underwent autoamputation. Our cases and literature review demonstrate that timely and accurate diagnosis, effective infection control, correction of hypoperfusion, organ function support, early management of disseminated intravascular coagulation, avoidance of premature amputation, and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment are crucial for the successful treatment of SPG caused by urosepsis.

The modern methodological conceptions and the development of anglo-american economics in the 20th century

Purpose: The aim of this article is to reconstruct the basic methodological assumptions that are relevant to contemporary conceptions of the science of economics developing in English and American literature during the 20th century. Methodology/approach: The paper aims to outline the logical structure of scientific theories in economics, which determines the objectivity of this science. Theoretical testing of hypotheses is performed by referring to more general and higher theoretical knowledge. Findings: The prevalence of utilitarian attitudes described in the article, which limit economic cognition to cost and profit calculations and economic processes to activities around profit maximisation, promotes the instrumentalisation of the norms and principles of this science, and indirectly indicates the absence of other autonomous values besides profit. Practical implications: Making the starting point in this article expressed in the work of British and American classics writing in the twentieth century demonstrates that they were moderate and flexible thinkers, as the structure of their theories reflects the changes that occurred in the leading methodological currents of the time. Originality/value: In every epoch of the development of the science of economics, there are concepts that consciously need to be guarded against variability (e.g. the concept of truth) and to strive to ensure that methodological concepts form as coherent a scientific belief system as possible.

Description as a Fiction-Writing Mode Between Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield and Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley: A Comparative Study

Comparative literature expounds on the areas of convergence in literature and reproduces the cultural similarities between East and West, demonstrating its results in guiding literary and intellectual renewal movements. Arabic literature takes advantage of the works of literature of other nations and is always keen to develop and enrich its awareness and culture. As the novel is a celebrated genre used in the comparative literature area, the Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz, well-known as the Dickens of Egypt, is one of the key poles of the international Arab novel. Mahfouz's novels and short stories convey Cairo, the capital of Egypt, its neighborhoods, inhabitants, and groceries to the home of every reader. The images and representations of Cairo drawn by Mahfouz are compared to the masters of English literature, namely Charles Dickens who significantly impacted Mahfouz's writings, especially his great love for describing and depicting everything his eyes see. With appropriating a comparative study of Dickens’s and Mahfouz’s selected works, this paper examines the concept of “description as a fiction-writing mode” as reflected in two literary works—Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850) and Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley (1947) following the School of Comparative Literature based on the principle of similarity in its study and analysis of literary works.

Ecological Imperialism and Indigenous Resistance: A Postcolonial Ecocritical Analysis of Selected Indian English Novels

This paper examines the representation of environmental degradation and critique of postcolonial development paradigms in two contemporary Indian English novels: Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide (2004) and Indra Sinha's Animal's People (2007). Employing a postcolonial ecocritical framework, the study analyzes how these works articulate the environmental consequences of development in India, challenge Western models of progress, and highlight indigenous environmental perspectives. The research reveals that both novels effectively portray multi-faceted environmental issues, from biodiversity loss in the Sundarbans to long-term impacts of industrial pollution in urban areas. They offer pointed critiques of anthropocentric development models while presenting indigenous knowledge as a valuable alternative for sustainable human-nature relationships. The study contributes to postcolonial ecocriticism by demonstrating how Indian English literature engages with and critiques the environmental costs of postcolonial development. It underscores the potential of literature to provide nuanced, culturally-specific insights into complex environmental issues, challenging dominant narratives and proposing alternative visions of progress.

Mobile Learning for Transforming English Writing Skills

Mobile Learning for Transforming English Writing Skills

Stance-taking through APPRAISAL in L1 and L2 English argumentative essays: insights from Vietnamese L2 English

Abstract Stance-taking in academic writing is now a well-established topic of interest in English language research, with explorations across a range of theoretical frameworks including metadiscourse and systemic functional linguistics (SFL). This includes studies investigating second language (L2) stance-taking, particularly those comparing stance features deployed by L1 and L2 English writers. However, studies investigating stance-taking using the APPRAISAL framework for evaluative discursive language across L1 and L2 production are relatively rare. Incorporating the APPRAISAL framework into research on stance-taking enhances our comprehension of evaluative language in academic writing, especially when it comes to cross-linguistic contexts. It also provides useful advantages for language assessment and instruction. In this learner corpus-assisted discourse study, APPRAISAL was used to determine how L1 English speakers and L2 English learners from L1 Vietnamese backgrounds expressed attitudes through their written texts. We also investigate the relationship between use of APPRAISAL resources and expert raters’ perceptions of written stance via a stance rubric. Findings show L2 English students are more explicit in argumentative writing than L1 English writers, despite fewer APPRAISAL choices in L2 texts. Besides, while high-rated texts were associated with more judgemental evaluation and invocation, more personal feelings were expressed in low-rated texts. These findings have implications for the instruction of L2 writers in conveying attitudinal meanings in text, as well as for raters tasked with assessing L2 academic essays for stance.

The Existence and Development of Variants in English Writing Teaching in International Corpus based on Time Series Data Analysis

This study investigates the evolution and prevalence of variant forms in English writing instruction within an international context, utilizing a time series analysis of corpus data. Recognizing the dynamic nature of language, especially in educational settings, this research aims to identify and analyze the changes in teaching methodologies and language usage over time. By examining a comprehensive corpus compiled from diverse international sources, the study focuses on how English writing instruction has adapted to linguistic variations and evolving pedagogical approaches.The methodology involves a quantitative analysis of corpus data spanning several decades, enabling a longitudinal view of trends in English writing teaching. The corpus includes a wide range of educational materials, academic publications, and teaching resources from different countries, ensuring a global perspective. Time series analysis is employed to track the frequency and context of various teaching practices and linguistic forms, offering insights into their development and dissemination.Key findings reveal a significant shift in teaching strategies, reflecting an increased emphasis on learner-centered approaches and the integration of digital technologies. Variants in language usage, influenced by cultural and regional differences, are also evident, highlighting the importance of context-specific teaching methods.

THE ROLE OF OXYMORONS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

In this article the importance of oxymorons is discussed as a rhetorical device in English literature, focusing on how they are used to express emotional depth and thematic complexity across various literary periods. Oxymorons are defined as statements that strengthen opposing words, enhancing comprehension of central human situations. It is proven that how oxymorons expose complex tensions and conflicts in human relationships, often reflecting broader themes of duality and contradiction. Additionally, it examines the development of oxymorons from the Renaissance to modern literature, highlighting their role in clarifying narrative techniques and intensifying emotional impact.

Diagnosis and Management of Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (R-CPD) is a syndrome with rapidly increasing awareness since being first described in March 2019. As such, few cases of R-CPD are currently reported in the literature. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the available literature on R-CPD, including patient characteristics, diagnosis, and management. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE. A systematic review of the available English literature was conducted using the data sources PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Studies with original data of patients experiencing classic symptoms of R-CPD were included. Independent abstract screening followed by full-text screening was performed to assess study eligibility. Data extraction of patient demographics, symptoms, treatment, and follow-up were subsequently performed. Common presentations of R-CPD include abelchia (100%), abdominal bloating (83%), and gurgling noises (75%). 554 (86.9%) patients had improved symptoms after initial treatment with BTX. The most common initial dose was 50 units in 204 (37.3%) patients. Subsequent BTX injections resolved symptoms in 40 (80%) patients. Six patients ultimately received CP myotomy for recurrent symptoms, resulting in long-term resolution in 4 (67%) patients. R-CPD is a newly recognized syndrome with effective treatment options including botulinum toxin injections and cricopharyngeal myotomy, where appropriate. Diagnostic modalities including esophageal manometry may aid in the initial work up of R-CPD, however further studies are required to assess its diagnostic utility.

Regenerating Romanticism: Botany, Sensibility, and Originality in British Literature, 1750–1830 by Melissa Bailes

<i>Regenerating Romanticism: Botany, Sensibility, and Originality in British Literature, 1750–1830</i> by Melissa Bailes

Anterior extrapelvic approaches to the acetabulum.

Anterior approaches to the acetabulum can be distinguished into extrapelvic, intrapelvic and combined extrapelvic and intrapelvic approaches. Historically, the extrapelvic ilioinguinal approach was introduced in the French, English and German literature during the late 60s and became gradually the Gold-standard in treating anterior acetabular fractures. In the meantime, the intrapelvic approach, introduced by the Helsinki group, is favored by many surgeons with ongoing interest allowing direct antero-medial access to the true pelvis below the linea terminalis, to the quadrilateral plate and medial side of the posterior column. More recently, more supero-medial approaches, allowing access to the large and true pelvis have been developed, e.g. the Pararectus approach. The historical development, the value and approach-related results of the ilioinguinal approach are analyzed and discussed.

Systematic Review of the Profunda Artery Perforator Free Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction.

The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has gained popularity in head and neck reconstruction with a favorable donor site providing a relatively hidden scar and the ability to harvest a large amount of pliable tissue with consistent vascular anatomy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this PAP flap in head and neck reconstruction. PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar (January 1948-February 2022). A systematic review of the English language literature was conducted for studies with at least 3 patients 18 years or older undergoing head and neck reconstruction utilizing the PAP. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the MINORS scoring system. Main analysis endpoints were flap failure rate, donor site morbidity, and complication rate. Nine articles and 206 total PAP flaps were included. The rate of flap-related and medical complications was 33%, with only 2 (0.97%) instances of complete flap failure. Other complications included partial flap failure (10, 4.86%) and donor site wound complications (12, 5.83%). A total of 16 flaps (7.77%) required subsequent revision in the operating room. Average MINORS score of the studies suggested a moderate to high risk of bias. Based on limited quality evidence, this review suggests that the PAP flap is a safe and feasible tool for head and neck reconstruction, with comparable complication and success rates as other free flaps. Further large-scale studies are warranted.

:Sleep and Its Spaces in Middle English Literature: Emotions, Ethics, Dreams

:<i>Sleep and Its Spaces in Middle English Literature: Emotions, Ethics, Dreams</i>

‘Willingness for the Everyday’: Ordinariness and Agency in Three Romantic Prefaces

Taking its cue from Stanley Cavell's framing of Romanticism as a ‘quest of the ordinary’, this essay revisits the amplification of the category of the ordinary in the English literature of the Romantic era. Focusing on a specific genre, the preface to poetry, it examines the construction of poetry as a special case of that category in three Romantic prefaces: Wordsworth's ‘Preface’ to Lyrical Ballads (1800) Hazlitt's prefatory lecture ‘On Poetry in General’ in his Lectures on the English Poets (1818) and Shelley's ‘Preface’ to Prometheus Unbound (1820). By tracing and comparing the conceptual bases of these prefaces, it attempts to nuance and discriminate their differing versions of ordinariness. Variations notwithstanding, the reciprocal characterisation of poetry and ordinariness, at the heart of the poetics of three major Romantic writers, is shown to be fundamental also to their arguments for agency and their resistance to what Cavell calls ‘the drive to the inhuman’.

Wong-Type Dermatomyositis: Literature Review of a Rare Variant.

Wong-type dermatomyositis (WTDM) was first formally discussed in the literature in 1969 by Dr. K.O. Wong. This rare variant of dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by overlapping features of both classic DM and the cutaneous features of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Since 1969, few cases of WTDM have been published in the literature likely due to the rarity of this condition or lack of recognition by clinicians. This narrative review presents the current published English literature on WTDM, analyzing its clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and treatments along with a comparison to classic DM. Given the overlap of features of both diseases and patients experiencing a better response to classic DM treatments, our results suggest that WTDM is a rare subtype of DM rather than simply an overlap of pityriasis rubra pilaris and DM presenting in 1 patient. We suggest that clinicians evaluate WTDM patients with very thorough histories, physical examinations, histopathology, and appropriate serological studies and monitor closely for systemic symptoms and development of malignancy. WTDM should be treated using conventional treatments for classical DM. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis of WTDM including more specific and distinguishing autoantibody profiles from classical DM, as well as long-term clinical course of WTDM for best management, including recently available biological treatments.

Unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation against patients' "Do Not Attempt Resuscitation" orders in community settings in Japan: A narrative review.

We aimed to synthesize existing research to elucidate the underlying factors and causes responsible for the high prevalence of unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) occurring outside a hospital setting in Japan despite patients' Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders. We conducted a narrative review by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for English literature, and Google Scholar for Japanese literature. The key factors we identified included lack of documentation of resuscitation preferences, variation in the perception of other life-sustaining measures associated with DNAR, non-inclusion of the patient in discussions of goals of care, unlegislated and unstandardized DNAR orders, emergency medical service activation by the family or facility, the Fire Service Act that mandates life-saving measures irrespective of the presence of advance directives, fire department protocols and CPR decision-making, and death pronouncement authorization limited to physicians. This study identified the multifaceted factors and the potential triggers for unwanted CPR despite DNAR orders. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive interventions encompassing educational initiatives, ethical considerations, systemic reforms, and legal adjustments to prevent future unwanted CPRs in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

‘Of o toun were they born, that highte Strother’: Dialect and Pasolini in I racconti di Canterbury

Pier Paolo Pasolini’s I racconti di Canterbury (The Canterbury Tales) (1972), a reinterpretation of Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, is undeniably the most controversial – and perplexing – film in his Trilogy of Life. Marked by a cacophonous filming process, one in which English and Italian actors attempted to retell a collection of stories written in a form of English that has been extinct for centuries, the triumphs of I racconti di Canterbury have seldom been recognized. Pasolini’s reinterpretation of Chaucerian dialect is especially understudied, despite how Chaucer was the first English writer to differentiate his characters through written language. My article first focuses on the dialect in Chaucer’s ‘The Reeve’s Tale’ (c.1400) and then, its reimagination in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s film I racconti di Canterbury. My research highlights Pasolini’s commendable fidelity to his source material and his success in replicating Chaucer’s representations of class difference.

Co reprezentují historické reprezentace?

The study is concerned with the question of literary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning of historical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as "historical metafiction", which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is not just a product of the later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Nünning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn of the 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by post-modernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.

The Effect of Online Scenario Based Learning on English Writing Motivation and Self-Efficacy Beliefs of University Students

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of online scenario-based English writing instruction on the motivation for English writing and self-efficacy beliefs among university students. The research, conducted as action research, involved a group of 14 students enrolled in the English preparatory program at a state university in the Marmara Region of Türkiye during the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Eight scenario activities were prepared as part of the online scenario-based English writing instruction. Action plans were developed to enhance students’ writing motivation and self-efficacy beliefs. The implementation of the prepared action plans consisted of four cycles and eight weeks. To collect data, the “English Writing Motivation Scale” and the “English Paragraph Writing Self-Efficacy Scale” were used. Dependent groups t-test was applied to compare the mean scores on the same sample group, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used when the data did not exhibit a normal distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in students’ intrinsic motivation to write in English following the online scenario-based English writing instruction. Additionally, it was observed that online scenario-based writing instruction enhanced students’ self-efficacy beliefs in writing in English. These promising results suggest the incorporation of online scenario-based writing activities in English writing instruction.

User Experience of ChatGPT: Insights from Undergraduate English Language and Literature Students in Bangladesh

ChatGPT, a large language model, has become increasingly popular, and students have begun to use it for the purpose of learning. The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of undergraduate English language and literature students from Bangladesh who are using ChatGPT. Qualitative research methods were utilized for this study and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis technique was employed to analyze the data. The study reveals both positive and negative experiences associated with the use of ChatGPT by students from the English Language and Literature department. ChatGPT helps students to practice their reading and writing skills. It aids them to provide literary explanations of their texts and helps students to understand complex literary texts in lucid language. However, it sometimes provides confusing or wrong answers and provides wrong explanations regarding literary texts. As students possess some negative experiences along with many positive experiences, they are inclined to continue using it with heightened awareness of their use. However, users in this study believe that its use should be limited, and it should be used as a complement rather than a primary tool. The findings of this research may provide educators and policymakers with valuable insights that might help them integrate new aspects of artificial intelligence in education.