British Units Research Articles

Violence in Defence of Empire: The British Armyand the 1919 Egyptian Revolution

Violence in Defence of Empire: The British Army and the 1919 Egyptian Revolution The Egyptian revolution of spring 1919 posed a serious challenge to British imperial rule in the wake of the First World War, and has traditionally been examined solely through political, diplomatic and economic lenses. Within these approaches the counter-revolutionary response of the British colonial state, principally involving the use of military force, has been ignored. The British military campaign to suppress the 1919 Egyptian revolution was one of the most significant and violent operations launched to contain anti-colonial nationalist unrest during the 1919–1922 «crisis of empire» period. This article addresses the general development of the campaign to end the revolutionary upheaval and focuses in on two case studies to examine how British army units, often isolated from assistance, dealt with unrest. The violent nature of the campaign to suppress the revolution highlights the flexible and context specific nature of British imperial policing as it developed after 1918, and challenges assumptions on the «minimum necessary force» approach that has come to characterise Britain's small colonial wars of the twentieth century.

High-Density Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuels Prepared from Multicyclic Sesquiterpanes and a 1-Hexene-Derived Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene

High-density renewable diesel and jet fuels have been generated by blending multicyclic sesquiterpanes with a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (5-methylundecane). The sesquiterpanes impart high density and volumetric net heat of combustion (NHOC) to the blends, while inclusion of the modestly branched paraffin decreases the viscosity and increases the cetane number of the blends. A surrogate diesel fuel comprising 65% sesquiterpanes and 35% 5-methylundecane had a cetane number of 45.7, a density of 0.853 g/mL, and a volumetric NHOC of 134.0 thousand British thermal units (kBtu)/gallon. By increasing the amount of paraffin to 60% by volume, a jet fuel surrogate was prepared with a cetane number of 57.0, a density of 0.806 g/mL, a −20 °C kinematic viscosity of 8.3 mm2/s, and a NHOC of 124.6 kBtu/gallon. The results show that full-performance and even ultraperformance fuels can be generated by combining bioderived sesquiterpanes and paraffins. The components of the fuel blends studied in this work can be genera...

Vaccine-preventable disease susceptibility in a British paediatric assessment unit.

Aims: To evaluate practice within a paediatric secondary-care centre before and after introduction of simple interventions to improve identification of under-immunised children and facilitate catch-up immunisations. Methods: The population-based child health database was used to check immunisation status for two cohorts of 200 consecutive admissions before and after routine printing of immunisation histories from the database and raising staff awareness. Vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) susceptibility burdens were calculated for each child. Case notes were assessed for accuracy and documentation of ward-based interventions. Results: Fourteen per cent of all children were under-immunised on admission and 27% of these were more than five years behind schedule. Under-immunised children's VPD susceptibility burdens ranged from 0-40,858 days and in 59% exceeded 1,000 days. Over one month the paediatric admission unit saw children with a combined VPD susceptibility burden of 1,323 child-years. Positive identification of under-immunised children increased by 40% (95% confidence interval: 12-62, p=0.002) following the introduction of routine database printouts. Conclusion: Children presenting to British secondary care units have large VPD susceptibility burdens. Positive identification of under-immunised children substantially improved after the introduction of routine database printouts, but catch-up immunisation rates did not increase.

Major Harvey Cushing's difficulties with the British and American armies during World War I.

This historical review explores Harvey Cushing's difficulties with both the British and American armies during his World War I service to definitively examine the rumor of his possible court martial. It also provides a further understanding of Cushing the man. While in France during World War I, Cushing was initially assigned to British hospital units. This service began in May 1917 and ended abruptly in May 1918 when the British cashiered him for repeated censorship violations. Returning to American command, he feared court martial. The army file on this matter (retrieved from the United States National Archives) indicates that US Army authorities recommended that Cushing be reprimanded and returned to the US for his violations. The army carried out neither recommendation, and no evidence exists that a court martial was considered. Cushing's army career and possible future academic life were protected by the actions of his surgical peers and Merritte Ireland, Chief Surgeon of the US Army in France. After this censorship episode, Cushing was made a neurosurgical consultant but was also sternly warned that further rule violations would not be tolerated by the US Army. Thereafter, despite the onset of a severe peripheral neuropathy, probably Guillian Barré's syndrome, Cushing was indefatigable in ministering to neurosurgical needs in the US sector in France. Cushing's repeated defying of censorship regulations reveals poor judgment plus an initial inability to be a "team player." The explanations he offered for his censorship violations showed an ability to bend the truth. Cushing's war journal is unclear as to exactly what transpired between him and the British and US armies. It also shows no recognition of the help he received from others who were instrumental in preventing his ignominious removal from service in France. Had that happened, his academic future and ability to train future neurosurgical leaders may have been seriously threatened. Cushing's foibles notwithstanding, all realized that he contributed greatly to both British and US war neurosurgery. United States Army surgeons who operated upon brain wounds in France recognized Cushing as their leader.

QUEEN WITHOUT A THRONE: URSULA GRAHAM BOWER AND THE BURMA CAMPAIGN

The climax of the battle of Kohima was in June 1944, 70 years ago. This article is about the part played in that victory by Ursula Graham Bower, an English woman subsequently honoured by the RSAA. She led a team of Naga tribesmen from North East India who acted as intelligence scouts, feeding the 14th Army with information about the Japanese, acting as guides for British units and providing a security network against spies. Graham Bower was effective because she had lived amongst the Nagas before the war and gained their trust. Inevitably she was glamourised in the media and hailed as the Jungle Queen or the Naga Queen, a Western beauty fighting against the Japanese. In reality, with the Nagas, she performed a intelligence role, not a fighting role, but it was a vital contribution to victory.

Unique and proforma birth plans: A qualitative exploration of midwives׳ experiences

Backgroundbirth plans detailing a woman׳s preferences for intrapartum care are a common feature in British maternity units, and are a means of encouraging the implementation of choice. Proforma versions may be incorporated routinely in antenatal case notes, or the woman may devise her own unique birth plan. Although women׳s views of birth plans have been explored, the views of midwives have not to date been evaluated. The growth of midwife-led units in the UK has highlighted different philosophies of care, some of which can be reflected in the different types of birth plan. Given the increasingly diverse nature of UK midwifery workplaces we set out to explore and compare the experience of midwives working in midwife-led and obstetric-led settings in relation to unique and proforma birth plans. Methodqualitative study using focus groups of midwives in a midwife-led unit (MLU; n=5) and obstetric-led unit (OLU; n=4) in the East of England. We used an interpretative phenomenological analytical approach. Findingsthree main themes arose from the data. Firstly, the term ‘birth plan’ can be misleading, and was criticised for encouraging the belief that birth can be ‘planned’. In addition, midwives claimed that ‘unique’ birth plans, especially those influenced by some consumer advocacy groups, are becoming standardised in their rejection of policies and procedures and requests for intervention-free birth. Secondly, birth plans were a source of irritation for midwives in both groups, although the cause of the irritation differed between groups. Finally, it was found that midwives in both groups felt that birth plans put pressure on them, although again, the source of the pressure, and therefore the way in which midwives reacted to this pressure, differed between groups. Conclusionsthe term ‘birth plan’ can be misleading and create false expectations. If ‘unique’ birth plans are becoming ‘standardised’ in the sense that they routinely request the same things, they are little different to proforma birth plans. Some midwives perceive pressure both from women and the wider multidisciplinary team as a result of birth plans, a perception that causes some irritation.

New quantum dot nanomaterials to boost solar energy harvesting

Fossil fuels are the most highly used sources for energy generation. But as energy needs increase day by day, and fossil fuels are consumed at ever faster rates, there is a great need for alternative energy sources. Renewable sources such as wind and solar can be exploited in a wide range of geographical areas and could effectively replace fossil fuels. For example, the Earth receives over 8 million quads of BTU (British thermal units) annually, meaning that there is enough solar energy available to fulfill all the energy requirements of the human race. However, due to the low efficiencies with which current solar cell technologies convert light into electricity, only a small fraction of the available solar energy can be harnessed. Deployment of solar cells will increase if their efficiency can be improved without increasing their cost. A novel concept known as the intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) paves the way for increasing solar cell efficiency.1 In an IBSC, sub-bandgap photons that would be wasted in a conventional solar cell can be harvested effectively to create a higher photocurrent. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are perhaps the best choice to create an intermediate band in a single-junction solar cell due to the inherent tunability of their shape, size, and quantum confinement properties. For an IBSC to work, the QD system being used must satisfy certain conditions in terms of bandgaps and band alignments. For maximum efficiency, the QD and host material bandgaps should be 0.7 and 1.93eV, respectively. There have been numerous attempts to use established QD systems for IBSCs, including indium gallium arsenide/gallium arsenide—In(Ga)As:GaAs)—gallium antimonide/gallium arsenide (GaSb:GaAs), and indium arsenide/gallium arsenide Figure 1. Schematic of our aluminum arsenide/antimonide (AlAsSb, with the composition AlAs0:56Sb0:44) p-i-n intermediate band solar cell (IBSC). This cell contains 10 layers of indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs). Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium arsenide/ antimonide (GaAs0:95Sb0:05) cladding layers are used below and above the QDs, respectively, for better morphology and to tune the photoluminescence spectra.

REMOVED: Equivalents of Foreign, British and Metric Units

This chapter has been removed. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Removal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This chapter has been removed as the rights have been returned to the author.

REMOVED: Conversion Tables - Metric to British Units

This chapter has been removed. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Removal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This chapter has been removed as the rights have been returned to the author.

Recasting the New World: Britain and the Treaties of 1713 and 1763

Recasting the New World:Britain and the Treaties of 1713 and 1763 Jeremy Black (bio) In the press of forthcoming anniversaries, notably of the beginning of the First World War, Magna Carta, and Waterloo, those of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) and the Peace of Paris (1763) might seem of limited consequence. Compared to the immediacy of the photography and newsreels of 1914, these 18th-century treaties are apparently resonant of a dead age. Yet both the treaties and the wars they concluded were important in helping make the world we live in now. This is particularly so because the wars and treaties ensured that British political culture, rather than its French counterpart, would become the dominant model in North America. Of the two, the Peace of Paris was the most significant, although that of Utrecht was an important anticipation. Utrecht, which brought to an end Britain's participation in the War of the Spanish Succession, secured Britain wide-ranging gains, including Gibraltar and Minorca, captured from Spain in 1704 and 1708, respectively. Utrecht also left Britain with the asiento, the right to supply slaves to the Spanish Empire, and with a limited, although potentially profitable, right to trade there. This right was exercised by the South Sea Company, and the extravagant hopes it gave rise to helped launch the vast speculative bubble in shares in the company that famously burst in 1720. Philip V of Spain, the grandson of Louis XIV of France and the French candidate for the Spanish succession, had earlier granted the asiento to the French Guinea Company in 1701. Its acquisition by Britain was significant in Britain's competition with France for the leading position in the trans-Atlantic slave trade and for the ability to profit from the economic opportunities of Latin America. Utrecht also increased the British stake in North America with the gain of Nova Scotia and the acceptance of the British position on Newfoundland and around Hudson's Bay. The peace settlement registered the fate of the war. In 1710 a force of New England militia supported by British units had captured Port Royal, the main French position in Nova Scotia, and had left a garrison in what was renamed Annapolis Royal in honor of Queen Anne. In contrast, the major amphibious expedition sent to capture Québec in 1711 failed as a result of a nighttime error in navigation that caused the loss of eight ships and nearly 900 men on rocks in the St. Lawrence estuary. France's defenses in North America were weakened as a result of the loss of Nova Scotia. There was still, however, a French presence that provided opportunities to challenge the British. The French settlers in Click for larger view View full resolution Prime Minister George Grenville holds "debt" and "savings" in the balance. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-45399]. Nova Scotia, the Acadians, maintained a French interest in the colony. Furthermore, in Newfoundland the French retained seasonal shore rights that supported their continued presence in the valuable Newfoundland cod fishery, a presence that provided an important source of sailors for the French navy. The Utrecht settlement scarcely made Britain's victory over France in North America during the Seven Years' War (1756-63) inevitable, but it strengthened the process by which British and French imperialism there were diverging. Louis XIV's willingness to cede colonial claims to Britain in 1713 was an aspect of his focus on dynastic and European interests that contrasted markedly with the oceanic and economic commitment of Britain's Tory ministry. With limited population growth and little state support, France's colonies were heavily dependent on trade relations with Native Americans, linking France's transoceanic networks to the river systems that channelled exchange in the interior of the continent. As a result, French imperialism was very much inserted into the dynamics of Native American development. The same was also true of the British colonies, but their rapid demographic growth and the related development of an agrarian society created a different pattern from one that depended on links with Native Americans. This contrast was to be important in the development of an independent America...

Effects of reduced nocturnal temperature on pig performance and energy consumption in swine nursery rooms1,2,3

The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of a reduced nocturnal temperature (RNT) regimen on performance of weaned pigs and energy consumption during the nursery phase of production. The age of weaned pigs assigned to experiments ranged from 16 to 22 d. In Exp. 1, 3 stations conducted 2 trials under a common protocol that provided data from 6 control rooms (CON; 820 pigs) and 6 RNT rooms (818 pigs). Two mirror-image nursery rooms were used at each station. Temperature in the CON room was set to 30°C for the first 7 d, then reduced by 2°C per week through the remainder of the experiment. Room temperature settings were held constant throughout the day and night. The temperature setting in the RNT room was the same as CON during the first 7 d, but beginning on the night of d 7, the room temperature setting was reduced 6°C from the daytime temperature from 1900 to 0700 h. The use of heating fuel and electricity were measured weekly in each room. Overall, ADG (0.43 kg), ADFI (0.62 kg), and G:F (0.69) were identical for CON and RNT rooms. Consumption of heating fuel [9,658 vs. 7,958 British thermal units (Btu)·pig(-1)·d(-1)] and electricity (0.138 vs. 0.125 kilowatt-hour (kWh)·pig(-1)·d(-1)] were not statistically different for CON and RNT rooms, respectively. In Exp. 2, 4 stations conducted at least 2 trials that provided data from 9 CON rooms (2,122 pigs) and 10 RNT rooms (2,176 pigs). Experimental treatments and protocols were the same as Exp. 1, except that the RNT regimen was imposed on the night of d 5 and the targeted nighttime temperature reduction was 8.3°C. Neither final pig BW (21.8 vs. 21.5 kg; SE = 0.64), ADG (0.45 vs. 0.44 kg; SE = 0.016), ADFI (0.61 vs. 0.60 kg; SE = 0.019), nor G:F (0.75 vs. 0.75; SE = 0.012) were different for pigs housed in CON or RNT rooms, respectively. Consumption of heating fuel and electricity was consistently reduced in RNT rooms for all 4 stations. Consumption of heating fuel (10,019 vs. 7,061 Btu·pig(-1)·d(-1); SE = 1,467) and electricity (0.026 vs. 0.021 kWh·pig-1·d-1; SE = 0.004) were lower (P < 0.05) in the RNT rooms compared with CON rooms. This represents a 30% reduction in heating fuel use and a 20% reduction in electrical use with no differences in pig growth performance or health. From these experiments, we conclude that imposing a RNT regimen from 1900 to 0700 h is effective in reducing energy costs in the nursery without compromising pig performance, which will reduce production costs and decrease emissions of greenhouse gases.

BJOG Editor's Choice

BJOG Editor's Choice

Recalibrating American Grand Strategy: Softening US Policies Toward Iran in Order to Contain China

Over the next decade, the United States will have to rethink its grand strategy as it addresses the challenge of maintaining its primacy as a global power in an increasingly multipolar world whose center of gravity has shifted to Asia. The task will be all the more daunting because significant fiscal and economic constraints imposed by a federal government debt that has mushroomed to nearly $16 trillion or about 100 percent of GDP, and a continuing economic slowdown that has been the deepest and longest since the Great Depression will force difficult tradeoffs as the United States seeks to realign and streamline vital national interests with limited resources. (1) The overarching national security objective of the United States must be crystal clear: to counterbalance and contain a rising China determined to be the dominant economic, political, and military power in Asia. While China's rise will not be a straight line, its trajectory to great power status is obvious. (2) A twenty-first century version of a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere with China at the epicenter is emerging. (3) China is the biggest economy in Asia, having surpassed Japan in 2010. (4) China is the largest trading partner of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, India, and the ten countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Unquestionably, China is the economic engine of Asia, displacing both Japan and the United States. According to US government projections, China is expected to be the world's largest economy by 2019 in terms of purchasing power parity (which adjusts for cost of living) with a forecasted gross domestic product (GDP) of $17.2 trillion compared to an expected US GDP of $17 trillion. (5) From a strategic perspective, the Achilles heel of China is its overwhelming dependence on Persian Gulf energy imports to fuel its rapidly growing economy. The sea lines of communication (SLOCs) over which these vital oil and gas imports are transported by tanker--from the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, continuing on to the Bay of Bengal and through the Malacca Straits into the South China Sea--is China's jugular vein. Virtually all Persian Gulf energy exports destined for China (as well as for Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) flow through this route. Two important alternatives to the Malacca Straits are the Sunda and Lambok Straits in Indonesia linking the eastern Indian Ocean to the Java Sea which continues to the South China Sea. Another key energy route flows from Saudi ports on the Red Sea (principally the port of Yanbu) to the Bab el Mandab in the Gulf of Aden proceeding on to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean and continuing to the Malacca Straits, or the Sunda and Lambok Straits. The five critical choke points--Hormuz, Bab el Mandab, Malacca, Sunda and Lambok--and the SLOCs linking them are controlled by the US Navy. China's economic and military security is inextricably intertwined with its energy security. Since 2000, China has been a net importer of oil and gas, primarily from the Persian Gulf. China became the world's largest energy consumer in 2009, with 96.9 quadrillion British thermal units (BTU) of annual energy consumption compared to 94.8 quadrillion BTU for the United States. (6) By 2011, China surpassed the United States as the largest importer of Persian Gulf oil, importing 2.5 million barrels per day (bbls/d) from the region (representing about 26 percent of total Chinese oil consumption of 9.8 million bbls/d), overtaking the United States which imported 1.8 million bbls/d from the Persian Gulf (representing about 10 percent of total US oil consumption of 18.8 million bbls/d). (7) In fact, over half of US oil imports come from three countries in the Americas: Canada, Venezuela, and Mexico, with Canada being the single most important foreign supplier. (8) The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that by 2030 oil imports, mainly from the Persian Gulf, will represent 75 percent of total Chinese oil consumption. …

Life Cycle Assessment of End‐of‐Life Management Options for Construction and Demolition Debris

SummaryA life cycle assessment (LCA) of various end‐of‐life management options for construction and demolition (C&amp;D) debris was conducted using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Municipal Solid Waste Decision Support Tool. A comparative LCA evaluated seven different management scenarios using the annual production of C&amp;D debris in New Hampshire as the functional unit. Each scenario encompassed C&amp;D debris transport, processing, separation, and recycling, as well as varying end‐of‐life management options for the C&amp;D debris (e.g., combustion to generate electricity versus landfilling for the wood debris stream and recycling versus landfilling for the nonwood debris stream) and different bases for the electricity generation offsets (e.g., the northeastern U.S. power grid versus coal‐fired power generation). A sensitivity analysis was also conducted by varying the energy content of the C&amp;D wood debris and by examining the impact of basing the energy offsets on electricity generated from various fossil fuels. The results include impacts for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, criteria air pollutants, ancillary solid waste production, and organic and inorganic constituents in water emissions. Scenarios with nonwood C&amp;D debris recycling coupled with combustion of C&amp;D wood debris to generate electricity had lower impacts than other scenarios. The nonwood C&amp;D debris recycling scenarios where C&amp;D wood debris was landfilled resulted in less overall impact than the scenarios where all C&amp;D debris was landfilled. The lowest impact scenario included nonwood C&amp;D debris recycling with local combustion of the C&amp;D wood debris to generate electricity, providing a net gain in energy production of more than 7 trillion British thermal units (BTU) per year and a 130,000 tons per year reduction in GHG emissions. The sensitivity analysis revealed that for energy consumption, the model is sensitive to the energy content of the C&amp;D wood debris but insensitive to the basis for the energy offset, and the opposite is true for GHG emissions.

Role of Stranded Gas from Central Asia and Russia in Meeting Europe’s Future Import Demand for Gas

Stranded gas is natural gas in discovered fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic reasons. This study examines stranded gas from Russia and Central Asia and the role it can play in addressing Europe’s growing demand for imported natural gas requiring additional volumes of gas in excess of 130 trillion cubic feet. We find sufficient volumes of stranded gas in fields in the Central Asian state of Turkmenistan in the Amu-Darya Basin and in Russian fields in the West Siberian Basin. The analysis focused on the estimated cost of extraction and delivery to a single market location for various concentrations of gas in stranded gas fields in Central Asia and Russia. At import prices of $10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported gas prices fall below $7 per MMBTU, most of the stranded gas evaluated from West Siberia will not be commercial. The costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan were calculated to be greater than 30% below the costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Russia, which are located in the Yamal Peninsula. Central Asian gas producers, particularly those east of the Caspian Sea, have limited market options due to the near monopoly position that Gazprom holds in transporting pipeline gas from east of Europe. This study examines several additional options to supply gas to Europe by reviewing expected delivered costs from North African and Atlantic basin suppliers.

DIE GEALLIEERDE BESTETTING VAN MADAGASKAR IN 1942 (DEEL 4) TAMATAVE, TULEAR EN DIE OORGAWE VAN ANNET

In September 1942,the third stage in Operation Stream-line-Jane, namely the occupation of the port city of Tamatave on the east coast, was executed by British units. This article briefly deals with that operation, in which no Union troops took part, before turning to what was from the South African viewpoint, the more important Operation Rose. In the execution of that operation South Africans for the first and only time during the Second World War were used in an amphibious attack. Tulear, a small port and town, was captured during that operation, and afterwards garrisoned for more than a month, before the South Africans there started moving towards the interior in search of the Vichy French administrator. Meanwhile the troops which occupied Tananarive, supported by a South African armoured car squadron, moved southwards, also in search of the administrator. A few engagements took place, in which the armoured cars played a minor role, before, after about six weeks, the French called for an armistice. Thus ended the campaign in Madagascar, a campaign in which the Vichy French were reluctant to physically defend their colony, although quite prepared to spare no other trouble in prolonging the date of its surrender as long as possible.

VICTORY IN HADES: THE FORGOTTEN WARS OF THE OMAN 1957-1959 and 1970-1976 PART 2: THE DHOFAR CAMPAIGN 1970-1976

Section ASimilarities and contrastsDuring the years 1970-1976 Oman was once again a theatre of operations in which the Sultan's forces, supported by pro-Western powers, succeeded in defeating the insurgent forces seeking to destroy the established power structure of Oman. In many respects, the political configuration of this second war bore many close resemblances to the first1 . One had, as in the first campaign of 1957 -1959, the active military participation of Britain; in terms of both leadership and the active involvement of British units (including the Special Air Service Regiment - SAS - who, as in the first Omani campaign, were to playa major role in the war). One also has the same motivation underlying British participation; viz. the determination to retain Oman's crucial strategic position (centring upon the Musandam Peninsula, and its control of the Straits of Hormuz). Moreover, as in the first Campaign, one observes the active participation of neighbouring states of the Middle East in support of the Sultan; in the war of 1957-1959 these states comprised the Trucial Oman States, to which Britain was closely related via long standing treaty obligations, and whose active military support was manifested in the presence of the Trucial Oman Scouts (TOS). In the latter Campaign of 1970-1976, the support emanated from Jordan and Iran.

THE UNION DEFENCE FORCES' BUILDINGS OF CAPE TOWN DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-45

Recently the Cape Provincial Institute of Architects has compiled and published catalogues of the buildings of Cape Town. There can be no doubt that the Second World War was the finest hour in the Mother City's history. The Cape Fortress Location List contains details of all the buildings and sites occupied by the Union Defence Forces and certain British units in the Cape Command during this hectic period. During the War the information was classified as secret. Only six copies of the Location List were made and they had been completed by 4 August 1944. The Location list was prepared by the 'Q' Section at the Castle and updated from time to time. Since the information concerning the units occupying the buildings in Cape Town may be of considerable interest to the Cape Provincial Institute of Architects, the National Monuments Council and others and has not been published before, it is provided below. There has also been great interest in the Table Bay Docks and its buildings so details concerning these have also been included.

Consistency between guidelines and reported practice for reducing the risk of catheter-related infection in British paediatric intensive care units

Consistency between guidelines and reported practice for reducing the risk of catheter-related infection in British paediatric intensive care units

Initiating a transfusion protocol for free diep flap breast reconstruction in North Bristol NHS Trust

Initiating a transfusion protocol for free diep flap breast reconstruction in North Bristol NHS Trust