English Theorists Research Articles

Industrializing American Shipbuilding: The Transformation of Ship Design and Construction, 1820-1920

William H. Thiesen, a historian for the United States Coast Guard, has written a wonderful study of crisscrossing trajectories in American and British ship design and construction. He reviews the standard literature, and, using original research on technological innovation in ship production at giant yards along the mid-Atlantic coast from New York to Newport News, he offers a useful theory about the industrialization of the yards. After a brief summary of traditional shipbuilding practices, Thiessen contrasts “practical” (non-theoretical and intuitive craft-based) wooden design practices with British scientific and iron shipbuilding. English and Scottish design theory became based on “rules of arithmetic, the principals of geometry, the doctrine of curves, the laws of gravitation, the nature of fluids, &c” (quoting the British naval shipbuilder Henry Chatfield, p. 16). That change was expedited by the early introduction of iron as native shipbuilding declined at the end of the eighteenth century. He reviews the many contributions of British theorists and shows how their efforts demanded new, elite social and intellectual institutions such as the Royal School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, and the Institution of Naval Architects.

Comments to the Discussion Group

This note summarizes some of the areas of difference between the author's views, rooted as they are in the contributions of Freud, Klein, Winnicott, Bion and certain other British theorists, and those of the various American schools influenced by ego psychology, as they pertain to developmental propositions and their application in clinical work. The areas of differences in understanding touched upon relate to, inter alia, how early development of the ego is conceptualized; the role of the infant's objects, actual and phantasied; the factors that inhibit or promote such development; and the implications of these ideas for clinical work and for the aims of analytic therapy.

“THE INEFFACEABLE CURSE OF CAIN”: RACE, MISCEGENATION, AND THE VICTORIAN STAGING OF IRISHNESS

THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY both the English popular and scientific communities increasingly argued for a distinct racial difference between the Irish Celt and the English Saxon, which conceptually undermined the Victorian attempt to form a single kingdom from the two peoples. The ethnological discourse concerning Irish identity was dominated by English theorists who reflect their empire’s ideological necessity; thus, the Celt and Saxon were often described as racial siblings early in the nineteenth century when union seemed possible, while later descriptions of the Irish as members of a distant or degenerate race reflect the erosion of public sympathy caused by the era of violence following the failed revolt of 1848. Amid this deluge of scientific discourse, the Irish were treated as mute objects of analysis, lacking any opportunity for formal rejoinder; nonetheless, these essentially English discussions of racial identity and Irishness also entered into the Irish popular culture.

British Critical Theorists: The Production of the Conceptual Invisibility of the Irish Diaspora

There is a long historical narrative of the relations between Britain and Ireland in which images of the Irish have been mobilised as major changing representational resources for the making of the British nation, identity and culture. Presently, the Irish diaspora in Britain is a major racialised ethnic group. However, it is absent from contemporary British theorists' representations of race and ethnicity. The paper critically explores the dominant racial regime of representation and this accompanying conceptual absence, as illustrated in anti-racist and new cultural theory texts. There is a need to rethink the histories and geographies of social closure and cultural exclusion as defining elements of the politics of race and nation. The paper argues the need to move beyond the Americanisation of British race-relations - the colour paradigm - to a critical engagement with European explanations, focusing on questions of nation, nationalism and migration. This is not an argument for the inclusion of the Irish in the current model of British race relations, but rather seeks to investigate the denial of difference with reference to Irish ethnic minority status and the specificity of anti-Irish racism. I conclude by looking at the question of self-representation in relation to Irish cultural formation and subjectivity, suggesting that in terms of a traditional racial dichotomy of domination/dominated, the Irish are not either/or but both/and.

Historicism, chronology and straw men: situating Hawkes' ‘Ladder of inference’

Christopher Hawkes was one of the leading British archaeological theorists in the middle decades of this century. Much underrated, Hawkes is reassessed here in the broader development of processual archaeology in Britain.

English Voting Theorists of the 19th Century: An Early Cooperative Game Theory Approach

Sino ad oggi gli economisti, con l’eccezione di Duncan Black, non hanno prestato molta attenzione agli studi sulla rappresentanza proporzionale, un tema che ha suscitato molto interesse in Inghilterra nel secolo scorso. In questo scritto si analizzano le indagini più importanti di quel periodo, mostrando le loro relazioni con la teoria dei giochi cooperativi. Alla base, infatti, di queste indagini vi era il proposito di affrontare con un qualche criterio di equità il problema delle divergenze di opinione tra individui aumentando il valore del voto delle minoranze, in modo da incoraggiare i votanti ad esercitare i loro diritti in modo responsabile. Un limite individuato da questi studi è che i governi di coalizione eletti con il criterio della rappresentanza proporzionale tendono ad avere una vita più breve di quelli conseguenti alla regola maggioritaria. Si tratta, tuttavia, di una critica che si può considerare valida soltanto se l’obiettivo è quello di avere un governo dotato di forte potere. Nel complesso, la caratteristica più significativa della rappresentanza proporzionale individuata da questi studi è costituita dal riconoscimento che una votazione è un giuoco co operativo e che le dimensioni di una coalizione efficace dipendono dalle regole di voto.

Cost accounting during the industrial revolution. the present state of historical knowledge1

prices. Costing is also integral, both in the past and at the present time, to evaluating the efficiency of the productive process and of decision making. Analyses of asset procurement, vertical integration, subcontracting, makeor-buy decisions, technological innovation, and product mix are representative of the many planning activities that require cost data. Venerated surveys of accounting history, now nearly half a century old, date the advent of meaningful cost accounting to the mid i88os.3 The majority of these surveys, however, are not based on examinations of business archives but rather on the published works of professional accountants. Though some credit is given to British theorists of the time (for example, Garcke, Fells, and Norton), the practical applications of costing for decision making are said to have been developed in the United States as an innovation of Frederick Taylor's scientific management movement. Precious little predates this 'costing renaissance', according to the traditional view. One observer describes British reaction to early advances in cost accounting in other countries as 'so much burning of incense at the altar of window dressing instead of a tool for the attainment of continually growing production'.4 Richard Brown, the Edinburgh chartered accountant who made in 1905 an early attempt at a general history of the profession, published 300 pages without mention of industrial accounting.5 Despite the absence of literature on the subject, it is difficult to imagine that the entrepreneurs of the British and US industrial revolutions would have failed to appreciate the interrelationship between cost accounting and effective management. This linkage might be expected, given the economic

When is a Biography an Autobiography? Questions of Genre and Narrative Style in Christoph Meckel's Suchbild

A curious reader picking up Christoph Meckel's work Suchbild. Uber meinen Vater' for the first time, and looking for clues as to its genre and content would most likely assume it to be a work of biography, since from its subtitle it is possible to infer both identity between author and narrator and the existence of the subject as a real person. It would be assumed therefore that the work is the biography of a father written by his son. reader who happened to know Eberhard Meckel and Christoph Meckel as writers might even anticipate that the book might fall into the category of literary biography, the biography of one poet written by another (Edel; Maurois). This sub-category of the genre biography has received particular attention from English theorists because of what are seen as its inherent problems with regard to achieving authenticity and in the portrayal of the life. While in most literary biographies no blood relationship exists, there is nevertheless often a parallel to the father-son relationship, where an author chooses to write the life of an older writer who has had a strong influence on his or her own development. Such an undertaking is perceived by older theorists such as Andre Maurois and Leon Edel, for whom objectivity and detachment are the supreme artistic virtues (Maurois 63), to hold the inherent risk of distorting the image of the biographical subject. The biographer needs to know himself before he seeks to know the life of another: and this leads us into a very pretty impasse, since there seems to be considerable evidence that

Benjamin Franklin and earthquakes

Benjamin Franklin, the colonial American, maintained a now little-known interest in geological questions for more than sixty years. He began as a follower of English theorists, but soon assimilated...

From Suarez to Filmer: A Reappraisal

English political thought in the early seventeenth century is often regarded in terms of the disagreements between the king and his parliaments, and of debates amongst lawyers on the nature and contents of the ancient constitution. But a large proportion of the political writings of early seventeenth-century English theorists was directed against the views of Catholic authors. Sir Robert Filmer devoted much of his Patriarcha to refuting the theories of those two great pillars of counter-reformation Catholicism, Bellarmine and Suarez. Suarez's Defensio fidei was burned at Paul's Cross on 21 November 1613. James I believed that by ‘setting up the People above their naturall King’ the political thinking of the Jesuits laid ‘ an excellent ground in Divinitie for all rebels and rebellious people’. One aim of this paper is to suggest that many of the most characteristic ideas on politics of English writers in the early seventeenth century can best be understood in the context of their polemical aim: the refutation of the seditious doctrines of the Papists. This is particularly true of patriarchalism, a subject on which Filmer was no innovator.

Towards the Prison Notebooks: The Evolution of Gramsci's Thinking on Political Organization 1918-1926

Political theory based on Marxist principles has been the object of growing interest in recent times. The shift of focus from the economic to the political implications of Marx's teaching has led American and British theorists to the thought of Antonio Gramsci, one of the founders of the Italian Communist party, especially to the Prison Notebooks, the best known of his writings. For a proper understanding of the Notebooks Adamson turns to Gramsci's political theory and practice during the decade preceding his arrest in 1926 and seeks to disentangle his changing conceptions of political organization and the effect on political education. A table in the article shows the shifts in Gramsci's politics prior to 1927.

ENGLISH THEORISTS AND EVOLVING TONALITY

ENGLISH THEORISTS AND EVOLVING TONALITY Get access ROBERT W. WIENPAHL ROBERT W. WIENPAHL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXXVI, Issue 4, October 1955, Pages 377–393, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXXVI.4.377 Published: 01 October 1955

The English Theorists. XVI: Christopher Simpson (Continued)

The English Theorists. XVI: Christopher Simpson (Continued)

The English Theorists. XV Thomas Mace (Continued)

The English Theorists. XV Thomas Mace (Continued)

The English Theorists. XIV. Elway Bevin (Continued)

The English Theorists. XIV. Elway Bevin (Continued)

The English Theorists: XIII. Thomas Morley (Continued)

The English Theorists: XIII. Thomas Morley (Continued)

The English Theorists: XII. Thomas Ravenscroft (Continued)

The English Theorists: XII. Thomas Ravenscroft (Continued)

The English Theorists: XI. Thomas Campian (Continued)

The English Theorists: XI. Thomas Campian (Continued)

The English Theorists: X. William Bathe (Continued)

The English Theorists: X. William Bathe (Continued)

The English Theorists: IX. Guilelmus Monachus (Continued)

The English Theorists: IX. Guilelmus Monachus (Continued)