British Institute Research Articles

Comparing Professional and Academic Qualifications as a Route to Institutional Curriculum Change

There are many current initiatives concerned with achieving institutional changes to curricula. These include, inter alia, various versions of online learning, distance learning and work-based learning. This paper considers blending academic curricula and qualifications with professional body curricula and qualifications as a possible way of achieving cost-effective curricula change. The author’s home institution currently delivers Academic Qualifications in Facilities Management (FM); a BSc (Hons) and an MSc. The institution also delivers the Professional Qualifications for the relevant professional body, the British Institute of Facilities Management (BIFM), at levels 4, 5 and 6.All qualifications and awards are delivered by web-based distance learning. This paper analyses the content and assessment of the Professional Qualification and compares the Professional Qualification with the equivalent Academic Qualification. Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis the paper finds that the Professional Qualification is more challenging and more rigorous than the Academic Qualification. The expectations of the learners from the professional body are higher than the expectations of the students from the university. The implications of this finding are then considered. Given that the Professional Qualification is more challenging and rigorous, could the institutional curricula be changed so that the Professional Qualification could be integrated into an Academic Qualification, thus opening a vocational route for a degree? The paper concludes with a brief consideration of the financial costs and other implications of such an institutional curricula change.

Fifty years in the archaeology of the eastern African coast: a methodological history

Research on the archaeology of the coast of eastern Africa is closely associated with the earliest days of the British Institute in Eastern Africa and in many ways quickly became synonymous with the Institute's journal — Azania. This is not surprising given that Neville Chittick, the first Director of the Institute and initial editor of Azania, was most actively engaged with research on the eastern African Swahili coast. Since those early years, many researchers have described the changing paradigms of coastal archaeology, often through the lens of wider political and theoretical changes and framed with reference to periods of colonialism, independence and post-colonialism. In this paper, we seek instead to document and describe the methodological and analytical changes that have occurred in the archaeology of eastern Africa over the decades that Azania has been published. We focus on three broad methodological areas and chart their emergence, use and transformation over time: urban archaeology, ceramics and typology and survey and reconnaissance. We then offer a discussion of the diversity of current methodologies and the introduction of scientific techniques and how they have served to shape the type of questions that can be asked and answered. Finally, we call for a continued commitment to local dissemination for coastal researchers: a job for which Azania retains its important role.

Judgments as Public Information

AbstractThis article is written by Paul Magrath who is the Head of Product Development and Online Content at the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales (ICLR). His article explores the issues surrounding the custodianship of those public legal documents, such as court judgments, which form primary sources of law but which may also contain private data, and looks at the way custodians of such data can also act as gatekeepers, enhancing or inhibiting access by the public as well as more specialised users. It expands upon an article published by Infolaw.co.uk entitled “Custodians and gatekeepers: maintaining access to public legal information”, and refers to recent case law involving the tension between information in the public domain and the individual's privacy and “right to be forgotten” by search engines. The article also looks at how court documents are made accessible in other jurisdictions and imagines how things might be improved in our own courts, before concluding that the model of a not-for-profit organisation, such as the ICLR or BAILII (the British and Irish Legal Information Institute), may work as well if not better than public or private management of judgments and other legal public information.

Radiation Shielding for Diagnostic Radiology, Second Edition

Radiation Shielding for Diagnostic Radiology, Second Edition Editors: D. G. Sutton, C. J. Martin, J. R. Williams, and D. J. Peet. British Institute of Radiology, London, UK, 2012. 148 pp. (paperback), Price: £22.50 (members), £30.00 (non‐members). ISBN‐13: 978‐0905749747.

New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference 11th-13th March 2002. Edited by J. Curtis, H. McCall, D. Collon and L. al-Gailani Werr. pp. 290. London, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 2008.

New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference 11th-13th March 2002. Edited by J. Curtis, H. McCall, D. Collon and L. al-Gailani Werr. pp. 290. London, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 2008.

Ivories from Nimrud VI. Ivories from the Northwest Palace (1845–1992). By G. Herrmann and S. Laidlaw (with a contribution from H. Coffey). pp. 260 and 137. London, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 2009.

Ivories from Nimrud VI. Ivories from the Northwest Palace (1845–1992). By G. Herrmann and S. Laidlaw (with a contribution from H. Coffey). pp. 260 and 137. London, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 2009. - Volume 25 Issue 3

Picture quiz: Musculoskeletal imaging

Musculoskeletal imagingPicture quiz: Musculoskeletal imagingA Daghir and J TehA DaghirDepartment of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this author and J TehDepartment of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:3 Apr 2014https://doi.org/10.1259/img.20120021SectionsPDF/EPUBFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail About Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 23, Issue 1December 2014 2014 The British Institute of Radiology History Published onlineApril 03,2014 Metrics Download PDF

The Continuing Significance of Rural Landscapes in the Urban Century

I write these reflections from the British Institute of Eastern Africa (BIEA) in Nairobi, Kenya, after a symposium that examined the ways landscapes in the region are being reconfigured. My location seems relevant as the last time I was at a symposium at the BIEA was in 1998, working with colleagues investigating ‘islands of intensive agriculture’ in the Rift Valley. Presenting work from geographical, archaeological, historical and anthropological perspectives, we explored how and why historic landscapes of intensive agriculture had been produced, and the processes through which they were, or were not, maintained. The studies of Konso terraces in Ethiopia, Marakwet irrigation in Kenya, Engaruka terraces and Iraqw intensive agriculture in Tanzania, demonstrated the importance of understanding the connections between the past and the present; the significance of historic wars, epidemics and migrations to landscape patterns; the connections between environmental parameters and social, cultural and political relations at different scales; the role of interregional and urban–rural connections; the nature and role of landesque capital; and the significance of these ‘islands of intensive agriculture’ for increasingly pressing questions of food security and sustainable development (Widgren and Sutton, 2004). The themes examined more than ten years ago have become more, not less relevant as rural landscapes in much of the Global South are undergoing processes of rapid and profound transformation. In Eastern Africa, new tarmac roads are being built across vast rural territories,

Foreword

<p>We lead with the publication of the Paul Sieghart Memorial Lecture delivered by Brenda Hale for the British Institute of Human Rights on 7th July 2004. We are very grateful to Lady Hale and the Institute for permission to publish this acclaimed consideration of the question ‘What can the Human Rights Act do for my mental health?’.</p><p>On 12th November 2004 the Law School of Northumbria University, together with Eversheds (solicitors), hosted the 2nd North East Mental Health Law Conference in Newcastle upon Tyne. We are very pleased to publish three papers arising from (and updated since) the Conference.</p><p>In this issue we publish two responses to the <em>Draft Mental Health Bill 2002</em>, one from Mat Kinton and the other from The Law Society, and Lucy Scott-Moncrieff provides a preliminary response to the findings of the Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Committee.</p>

What can the Human Rights Act do for my mental health?

<p align="LEFT">This is the text of the Paul Sieghart Memorial Lecture delivered for the British Institute of Human Rights at King’s College, London, on 7 July 2004.</p>

The alcohol industry, charities and policy influence in the UK.

Background: Charities exist to pursue a public benefit, whereas corporations serve the interests of their shareholders. The alcohol industry uses corporate social responsibility activities to further its interests in influencing alcohol policy. Many charities also seek to influence alcohol and other policy. The aim of this study was to explore relationships between the alcohol industry and charities in the UK and whether these relationships may be used as a method of influencing alcohol policy. Methods: The charity regulator websites for England and Wales and for Scotland were the main data sources used to identify charities involved in UK alcohol policy making processes and/or funded by the alcohol industry. Results: Five charities were identified that both receive alcohol industry funding and are active in UK alcohol policy processes: Drinkaware; the Robertson Trust; British Institute of Innkeeping; Mentor UK and Addaction. The latter two are the sole remaining non-industry non-governmental members of the controversial responsibility deal alcohol network, from which all other public health interests have resigned. Conclusion: This study raises questions about the extent to which the alcohol industry is using UK charities as vehicles to further their own interests in UK alcohol policy. Mechanisms of industry influence in alcohol policy making globally is an important target for further investigations designed to assist the implementation of evidenced-based policies.

British Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine Winter Symposium, Stratford City, London, December 2013

British Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine Winter Symposium, Stratford City, London, December 2013

BJR radiobiology special feature

Radiobiology is the study of the action of ionizing radiations on living organisms and understanding it underpins the use of ionizing radiations in diagnostics and therapy in radiation oncology. The field is going through a period of rapid change and opportunity with new developments, feeding on the latest biology, driving a greater mechanistic understanding alongside advances in the clinical delivery of radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. This timely special issue encapsulates some key advances in radiobiology from the European Radiation Research Society, which held its annual meeting (ERR2013) at Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland 1–5 September 2013. International delegates, including scientists and clinicians, had the opportunity to hear the latest research in basic and translational radiation biology over 15 sessions of plenary and keynote lectures, proffered papers and posters. These sessions covered topics ranging from DNA damage and repair and non-ionizing radiation to translational research and emerging technologies. This BJR special feature includes specially selected papers from all the keynote and award lectures presented at the meeting, giving a timely state-of-the-art overview of current research and future directions in radiation biology, from leaders in the field. Professor Penny Jeggo1 from the Genome Stability Unit at the University of Sussex (Brighton, UK) gave the British Institute of Radiology Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture at the meeting, and her review entitled “DNA DSB repair pathway choice: an orchestrated handover mechanism” gives a detailed molecular overview of the key mechanisms determining the choice of DNA repair pathway in response to radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. The European Radiation Research Society Bacq and Alexander Lecture was given by Professor Marco Durante2, from the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (Darmstadt, Germany) and his review focuses on new challenges in high-energy radiobiology. In particular, he reviews that densely ionizing radiation elicits signalling pathways quite distinct from those involved in the cell and tissue response to photons. There are also differences in the role of the microenvironment in individual susceptibility and a need to focus more on tissue responses after ion-beam exposures. The Association for Radiation Research Weiss Medal Lecture was given by Professor Stephanie McKeown3 from the University of Ulster (Coleraine, UK) and covers the implications for treatment response of how we define normoxia, physoxia and hypoxia in tumours. Tumour hypoxia is increasingly recognized as a major deleterious factor in cancer therapies, as it compromises treatment and drives malignant progression. This review focuses on the need to determine the consequences of the actual physiological levels of oxygen in tissues (approximately 5%) and tumours (approximately 1%) to identify the real circumstances driving tumour response to treatment and/or malignant progression. This can be of particular importance in genetic studies in vitro when comparisons with human tumours are required. Professor Jean-Luc Ravanat4, from CEA (Grenoble, France) gives a review of the chemical aspects of radiation-mediated formation of complex damage to DNA. In particular, he focuses on single oxidation events, as these lesions may play a significant role in cellular responses to ionizing radiation and other oxidative stress agents. Professor David Brenner5, from Columbia University (New York, NY) gives a short overview of the inter-relationship between exposure doses, the use of radiological imaging techniques and the impact on radiation risk, which is an increasingly important area given the increasing contribution of medical exposures to the average background exposure doses for the population in general. Professor Martin Brown6, Stanford University (Stanford, CA) gives an overview of the process of vasculogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from circulating cells, which is a crucial player in the resistance of solid tumours to radiotherapy. Radiation recruits proangiogenic macrophages, and endothelial progenitor cells reform the tumour vasculature and allow the tumour to regrow following irradiation. This is a new paradigm with major implications for the treatment of solid tumours by radiotherapy. The LH Gray Memorial Trust Lecture was given by Professor Rob Bristow7 from the University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada). His review entitled “An arranged marriage for precision medicine: hypoxia and genomic assays in localized prostate cancer radiotherapy” focuses on the need to improve treatment individualization for prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy due to the 30–50% relapse rate. He outlines that better predictors of prognosis and radiotherapy treatment response are needed to triage patients to bespoke and intensify calcium monophosphide treatment protocols. In particular, these should include the use of pre-treatment genomic tests based on DNA or RNA indices and/or assays that reflect cancer metabolism, such as hypoxia assays, to define patient-specific prostate cancer progression and aggression. We hope that this collection of comprehensive review and opinion articles, from leaders in the field, sets the scene of where radiobiology research stands at present and outlines future progress.

Electronic evidence in Latvia: a general overview

Agris Repss up-dates the chapter originally written with on Latvia from International Electronic Evidence, published by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law in 2008.

Electronic evidence in Hungary: a general overview

Dr. Gusztav Bacher, Dr. Gabor Faludi (senior), Dr. Gabor Faludi (junior), Dr. Aniko Keller, Dr. David Kerpel, Klara Loranger, Dr. Bence Molnar, and Dr. Gyorgy Wellmann up-date their chapter on Hungary from International Electronic Evidence, published by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law in 2008.

G. H. R. Horsley: The Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Burdur Archaeological Museum with contributions by R. A. Kearsley. Turkish translations by N. Alpey.

G. H. R. Horsley: The Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Burdur Archaeological Museum with contributions by R. A. Kearsley. Turkish translations by N. Alpey. London: British Institute of Archeology at Ankara (Distributor: Oxford: Oxbow Books) 2007. XVIII, 321 S. 362 Abb. 1 Kte. 4°. (Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor. 5. The British Institute at Ankara Monograph. 34) 60 £.

Antitrust Marathon V: When in Rome Public and Private Enforcement of Competition Law

The Antitrust Marathon is a long-running series of roundtable discussions sponsored by the Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies of Loyola University Chicago School of Law and the Competition Law Forum of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, focusing on enduring issues of comparative competition law. These discussions always take place the day before or after the great marathon races of the world which some of the participants also endure. However, no running is required for the roundtable discussion itself. Past Antitrust Marathons have focused on Abuse of Dominance, Antitrust and the Rule of Law; Competition and Consumer Protection, and other topics, and have been held in Chicago, London, Boston and Dublin. We are grateful to the Italian Competition Authority and the University of Rome I (Sapienza) for hosting and being co-sponsors of the 2013 Antitrust Marathon.Our topics this year are:• Public-Private Partnerships for Effective Enforcement• Effective Injunctive Relief• Private Actions for Damages• Criminal Enforcement

Antitrust Marathon V: When in Rome Public and Private Enforcement of Competition Law

The Antitrust Marathon is a long-running series of roundtable discussions sponsored by the Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies of Loyola University Chicago School of Law and the Competition Law Forum of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, focusing on enduring issues of comparative competition law. These discussions always take place the day before or after the great marathon races of the world which some of the participants also endure. However, no running is required for the roundtable discussion itself. Past Antitrust Marathons have focused on Abuse of Dominance, Antitrust and the Rule of Law; Competition and Consumer Protection, and other topics, and have been held in Chicago, London, Boston and Dublin. We are grateful to the Italian Competition Authority and the University of Rome I (Sapienza) for hosting and being co-sponsors of the 2013 Antitrust Marathon.Our topics this year are:• Public-Private Partnerships for Effective Enforcement• Effective Injunctive Relief• Private Actions for Damages• Criminal Enforcement

Framework for Reducing Restrictive Practices Paley-Wakefield Sharon Framework for Reducing Restrictive Practices 92pp £18 9781447305309 1447305302 BILD Publications

THE AUTHOR has worked hard at the British Institute of Learning Disabilities to promote a reduction in the use of restrictive practices with patients, especially the use of physical intervention.

The Arab Spring, Massive Violations of Human Rights and the Use of Force

This article is based on a presentation given at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law in London on 25 October 2012 on the occasion of its Annual Conference and its theme for this year of “International Law, the Rule of Law and Constitutional Change.” I must begin by saying that the topic of my presentation — ‘Massive Violations of Human Rights and the Use of Force’ in the context of the Arab Spring — was not one of personal design reached after moments of prolonged deliberation — but, rather, in a very good old-fashioned way, it was allocated to me by the conveners of the annual conference for the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. I volunteer this background fact only because I think it would be quite useful to commence by explaini ng some of the challenges associated with the formulation of ‘massive violations of human rights’ of the Arab Spring and then relating that matter to the ‘use of force’ — itself quite an instructive term because it does tend to delimit our thinking about how States and international organisations strategise toward chosen ends, when, as we know full well, threats of force have become a rather significant part of modern international relations and are deserving of the same critical scrutiny afforded to uses of force under the regimen of the Charter of the United Nations...