The Standard Dictionary defines "Ref resher" as follows : "1. One who, or that which, refreshes. 2. (Eng.) An additional fee paid to counsel in cases unexpectedly prolonged." (The new Oxford Dictionary gives a third meaning to the word; namely, the colloquial one ," a drink".) The Standard Dictionary further defines "Refreshment" as, "The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of vigor or liveliness." I think that your director, Mrs. Slagle, in assigning to me this topic for discussion, must have gone back in memory to those faroff days when, before the United States entered the World War, she was assisting in the development of curative occupations for the disabled members of the Canadian Forces by her advice and counsel. At that time, as on many occasions since, we were discussing the question of the length of training courses for occupational therapists. As the immediate need for trained workers was urgent, the training courses then established were, of necessity, short and intensive. It was agreed, however, that whether the training courses be short or long, opportunities for further training from time to time should be provided. In our discussion I spoke of these opportunities for further training as "Refresher courses"; the term by which the short courses of training provided for British Army officers are known. The underlying idea of those courses is that although the officers have passed through one or other of the military colleges at the outset of their career, new discoveries and methods with which they must be familiarized occur from time to time. A further reason for providing the refresher courses was to guard against that tendency of the average human being, with