Bristol School Research Articles

Comparing a quality of life measure and the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in assessing orthodontic treatment need and concern

To compare the use of the Aesthetic Component (AC) of IOTN and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) in assessing orthodontic treatment need and concern. Cross-sectional observational study. The subjects were 204 children aged 10-12 years studying in 10 schools in Bristol, UK. They completed a questionnaire comprising the CPQ and questions regarding orthodontic concern. AC scores as rated by the child and by the calibrated examiner were recorded. CPQ scores were calculated from the responses in the questionnaire. AC scores and responses to questions regarding orthodontic concern were recorded. The children gave themselves lower AC scores compared to the examiner (p<0.001). The only section of the CPQ that correlated significantly with Examiner AC was the emotional impacts section (rho=0.151). CPQ scores had a slightly higher correlation with self-perceived AC than Examiner AC. However, the correlations were still very low. The emotional impacts section of CPQ (rho=0.332) and overall CPQ score (rho=0.282) were better than the examiner AC (rho=0.209) at reflecting how bothered the children were by the alignment of their teeth, and how upset they would be if they couldn't receive orthodontic treatment (rho=0.464, 0.428 and 0.214, respectively). Children with a normative need for orthodontic treatment, based on examiner AC did not have a worse oral health-related quality of life. The CPQ and IOTN AC measure different attributes. There should be a shift towards using quality of life measures to supplement the IOTN in assessing the perceived need for orthodontic treatment.

A randomised controlled trial of clinics in secondary schools for adolescents with asthma

Aim To test the hypothesis that delivery of a programme of asthma care in nurse‐led clinics in school would improve access to care and health outcomes compared with care in general practice.Methods Pupils at four secondary schools in Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, UK, were included in the randomized controlled trial. Another two schools were included to control for any cross‐contamination between school clinic attenders and general practice attenders in the trial schools. Pupils in trial schools were randomly assigned to receive an invitation for an asthma review at school or in general practice. Schools were stratified for deprivation and covered rural, urban and suburban populations. Pupils with asthma were identified using a screening questionnaire and then cross‐referenced with practice prescribing records. Four school nurses with additional specialist asthma training ran the school clinics weekly. Consultations concentrated on the needs and interests of adolescents and followed national guidelines for treatment changes. Reviews were arranged at 1 and 6 months, with an additional 3‐month review if needed. The pupil's GP was kept informed. General practice care was according to the practice's usual treatment protocols.Primary outcomes were the proportion of pupils who had had an asthma review in 6 months, health‐related quality of life and level of symptoms. Secondary outcomes were pupil knowledge and attitude to asthma, inhaler technique, the proportion taking inhaled steroids daily, school absence due to asthma, PEFR and pupil preference for the setting of care.Sample size was calculated to have an 80% chance of showing an increase from 40% to 60% having a review in 6 months and half a standard deviation improvement on the quality of life measure. Analysis was on an intention to treat basis.Results School clinic pupils were more likely to attend (91% vs. 51%). However, symptom control or quality of life were no better. School clinic pupils knew more about asthma, had a more positive attitude and better inhaler technique. Absence and PEFR showed no difference. 63% who attended school clinics preferred this model but, taking both groups together, just over half would prefer to attend their GP for follow‐up. Cost of care (including practice, school clinic, hospital and medication) was £32.10 at school, £19.80 at the trial practices and £18.00 at control practices.Conclusions Previous evaluations of nurse‐led asthma clinics in practice have also failed to show improvements in outcomes, though process measures do improve. This may be due to the need for nurses to refer patients to doctors for changes in medication, rather than doing this themselves. Some weaknesses in study design that may have affected outcome, but the essential conclusion is that nurse‐led asthma clinics in school are not cost effective. The study does suggest that such clinics can reach a high proportion of adolescents, but for asthma at least this does not result in any measurable improvement in outcome.

Some sound advice to listening

Sue Steel introduces a year 1 class to the fundamentals of sound and hearing through investigation. She works at Waycroft Primary School in Bristol and is the school's ICT co-ordinator.

‘All that you can't leave behind’

The importance of secondary science education to the professional lives of six Fellows of The Royal Society is discussed in the context of Clifton College, an independent school in Bristol, UK, with a powerful tradition of science teaching. The relative importance of the effects of the curriculum, rigorous practical science classes, and classical education are considered. The effect of inspirational teaching by practising scientists is considered to be a significant factor in preparing these students for their professional lives at Cambridge University and beyond.

Research, writing and the internet

Sue Steel, ICT co-ordinator at Waycroft Primary School in Bristol, looks at how year 6 children can develop their note-making and report writing skills in conjunction with the internet.

Food for Festivals

The subject of food is always a winner with children. Una MacMahon, a teacher at St Pius Xth Primary School in Bristol, titillates the taste buds while examining the distinctive features of a non-fiction text.

The masks of Mary Renault: a literary biography

Born Eileen Mary Challans in London in 1905, Mary Renault wrote six successful contemporary novels before turning to the historical fiction about ancient Greece for which she is best known. While Renault's novels are still highly regarded, her life and work have never been completely examined. Caroline Zilboorg seeks to remedy this in The Masks of Mary Renault by exploring Renault's identity as a gifted writer and a sexual woman in a society in which neither of these identities was clear or easy. Although Renault's life was anything but ordinary, this fact has often been obscured by her writing. The daughter of a doctor, she grew up comfortably and attended a boarding school in Bristol. She received a degree in English from St. Hugh's College in Oxford in 1928, but she chose not to pursue an academic career. Instead, she decided to attend the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, where she trained to be a nurse. With the outbreak of the Second World War, she was assigned to the Winford Emergency Hospital in Bristol and briefly worked with Dunkirk evacuees. She went on to work in the Radcliffe Infirmary's brain surgery ward and was there until 1945. It was during her nurse's training that Renault met Julie Mullard, who became her lifelong companion. This important lesbian relationship both resolved and posed many problems for Renault, not the least of which was how she was to write about issues at once intensely personal and socially challenging. In 1939, Renault published her first novel under a pseudonym in order to mask her identity. It was a time when she was struggling not only with her vocation (nursing and writing), but also with her sexual identity in the social and moral context of English life during the war. In 1948, Renault left England with Mullard for South Africa and never returned. It was in South Africa that she made the shift from her early contemporary novels of manners to the mature historical novels of Hellenic life. The classical settings allowed Renault to mask material too explosive to deal with directly while simultaneously giving her an 'academic' freedom to write about subjects vital to her - among them war, peace, career, women's roles, female and male homosexuality, and bisexuality. Renault's reception complicates an understanding of her achievement, for she has a special status within the academic community, where she is both widely read and little written about. Her interest in sexuality and specifically in homosexuality and bisexuality, in fluid gender roles and identities, warrants a rereading and reevaluation of her work. Eloquently written and extensively researched, The Masks of Mary Renault will be of special value to anyone interested in women's studies or English literature.

St Davids Bishop's Palace, Pembrokeshire

This paper provides a comprehensive description of St Davids Bishop's Palace. Almost completely built under the patronage of Bishop Henry de Gower (1328–47), it represents the most remarkable secular building in the Decorated style. Detailed analysis of each elevation of the palace has enabled sixteen phases of work to be identified, nine of which are grouped into three building campaigns sponsored by Bishop de Gower. This has enabled the evolution of the plan and the functions of the different rooms to be identified. The two main ranges of the palace are decorated with a unique, arcaded parapet, containing over 130 carved corbels, with other sculpture surviving internally. This represents the largest group of sculpture in a domestic building of this period and a detailed catalogue and analysis is presented. Both the architectural detailing and the sculpture show that the master craftsmen had close links with the Bristol school of the Decorated period.

Susceptibility of British head lice, Pediculus capitis, to imidacloprid and fipronil.

The head louse, Pediculus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) has developed resistance to organochlorines, the organophosphate malathion and to pyrethroids in the U.K. Therefore, headlice from Bristol school children were bioassayed against two new insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid. Pediculus capitis was fully susceptible to imidacloprid, but it required a relatively high dose and acted slowly. Fipronil acted faster at lower dose, but seemed to be affected by cross-resistance in a small proportion of P. capitis.

Solid state chemistry and the design ofheterogeneous cataysts

Aspects of solid state chemistry have been implicated in catalytic activity for much of the century. The role of lattice defects, and in particular the significance of doping to control whether a solidexhibited n-or p-type conductivity, has been one of the central pillars for rationalising reactionsat oxide surfaces with the Mars-van Krevelin mechanism dominating selective oxidation catalysis. Associated with theoretical discussions was the boundary layer theory of chemisorption and whetherit was of the cumulative or depletive type (Aigrain and Dugas, Hauffe, Weisz, Stone, Kubukawa and Toyama, Germain). Some of the earliest studies of heats of chemisorption were obtained by Garner, Gray and Stone for oxygen on copper oxide in 1950 and their relevance to catalysis discussed. The Bristol School had considerable influence on this aspect of heterogeneous catalysis particularly in Europe where many groups emerged: Cimino, Zecchina, Garrone, Indovina and Collucia in Italy, Haber in Poland and Gravelle in France with the activation of alkanes being a significant theme over the last two decades.

Sex education policies in schools: the first hurdle

This paper focuses on the production of school sex education policies. At the start of the decade, two moral panics – about high teenage pregnancy rates and AIDS/HIV – coloured UK Government policy formation. The legislative response put control of sex education into the hands of governing bodies of individual schools. As a result, policies vary widely in quality, presenting local education authorities with a monitoring problem even before policy is put into practice. In 1995, Avon Local Education Authority published a document to help schools develop their sex education policies. In 1997, a project to look at the sex education policies of schools in Bristol began, developing a set of criteria to measure their quality. It found that the quality varied from good to superficial, and that the policies held by most secondary schools in Bristol had serious deficiencies. The main problems with the policies included both specific and general issues. Many either failed to address the topics of sexuality and abortion at all, or addressed them only superficially, despite explicit advice from the local education authority that these topics should be covered by schools’ policies. Many did not make it clear that parents have the right to withdraw their child from sex education, nor did they say what would happen to pupils who are withdrawn. Few schools made their commitment to staff training explicit. Most policies failed to deal adequately with the issue of confidentiality. These findings do not mean that sex education lessons in secondary schools are inevitably poor. Nevertheless this study shows that a considered approach to formulation of sex education policies should be one of the first steps included in a national strategy on sex education.

Dragon fish uses chlorophyll derivatives to see in the dark

As the dragon fish Malocosteus niger cruises the ocean depths searching for food, it flashes a red light invisible to most sea creatures. Marine biologists think this rare red bioluminescence serves as a sniper scope that lets the black, toothy fish illuminate its prey without being seen by other deep-sea animals. And it may allow the fish to communicate with other members of its family without outsiders tuning in. But the visual pigments in M. niger's retina aren't sensitive enough to longwavelength light for the fish to be able to see its own far-red bioluminescence— clearly an unlikely and unsatisfactory setup, says Julian C. Partridge, research fellow at the University of Bristol's School of Biological Sciences, Bristol, England. However, he and his coworkers have found that the fish has other retinal pigments, derived from chlorophyll, that absorb the far-red wavelengths and then pass the light signal on to the visual pigments [ Nature , 393 , 423 (1998)]. ...

'High Class Cookery': Gender, status and domestic subjects, 1890-1930 [1

ABSTRACT Drawing on archives in Bristol and Gloucester, cities in the west of England, the article traces the history of the Bristol School of Cookery (founded in 1893) and the Gloucestershire School of Cookery and Domestic Economy (founded in 1890) and the Bristol University BSc in Domestic Science, introduced in 1926 and withdrawn in 1971. It relates these developments to the technical education movement and the teaching of domestic subjects in the period, through an analysis of the intersection of status and gender. It concludes with some reflections on contemporary parallels in the creation of separate spaces for women in higher education.

A model of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase and its implications for the design of improved antimalarials and the enhanced detection of parasitaemia.

Richard B.Sessions1, Victoria Dewar, Anthony R.Clarke the position that normally binds the nicotinamide carboxyamide side chain. Here we describe the application of homology and J.John Holbrook modelling techniques to generate a 3D structural model of Molecular Recognition Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University pfLDH based on the known crystal structures of Bacillus of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK stearothermophilus LDH (bsLDH). This model is validated as 1To whom correspondence should be addressed far as possible in structural terms (e.g. co-variation in amino acid exchanges being at structurally adjacent sites), and it is

Inter-Agency Approaches to Domestic Violence: Issues for Probation

Gill Hague and Ellen Malos, with Wendy Dear, Researchers with the Domestic Violence Research Group at the University of Bristol's School for Policy Studies, present preliminary findings from their investigation of the pay-offs and limitations of multi-agency initiatives to combat domestic violence and identify the mixed willingness within the Probation Service to contribute fully and draw benefit from collaboration.

Functional studies of specific imidazoline-2 receptor ligands.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 763, Issue 1 p. 125-139 Functional Studies of Specific Imidazoline-2 Receptor Ligands D. J. NUTT, Corresponding Author D. J. NUTT Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKAddress for correspondence: D. J. Nutt, Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. FRENCH, N. FRENCH Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Gl 1XW, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. HANDLEY, S. HANDLEY Department of Pharmacology Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham, B4 7ET, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. HUDSON, A. HUDSON Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSBANDS, S. HUSBANDS Department of Organic Chemistry University of Bristol Cantocks Close Bristol, BS8 ITS, UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. JACKSON, H. JACKSON Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. JORDAN, S. JORDAN Department of Pharmacology Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham, B4 7ET, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. D. LALIES, M. D. LALIES Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. LEWIS, J. LEWIS Department of Organic Chemistry University of Bristol Cantocks Close Bristol, BS8 ITS, UKSearch for more papers by this authorL. LIONE, L. LIONE Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. MALLARD, N. MALLARD Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. PRATT, J. PRATT Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Gl 1XW, UKSearch for more papers by this author D. J. NUTT, Corresponding Author D. J. NUTT Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKAddress for correspondence: D. J. Nutt, Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. FRENCH, N. FRENCH Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Gl 1XW, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. HANDLEY, S. HANDLEY Department of Pharmacology Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham, B4 7ET, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. HUDSON, A. HUDSON Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSBANDS, S. HUSBANDS Department of Organic Chemistry University of Bristol Cantocks Close Bristol, BS8 ITS, UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. JACKSON, H. JACKSON Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. JORDAN, S. JORDAN Department of Pharmacology Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham, B4 7ET, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. D. LALIES, M. D. LALIES Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. LEWIS, J. LEWIS Department of Organic Chemistry University of Bristol Cantocks Close Bristol, BS8 ITS, UKSearch for more papers by this authorL. LIONE, L. LIONE Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. MALLARD, N. MALLARD Psychopharmacology Unit University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences University Walk Bristol, BS8 1TD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. PRATT, J. PRATT Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Gl 1XW, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32397.xCitations: 88AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume763, Issue1The Imidazoline Receptor: Pharmacology, Functions, Ligands, and Relevance to Biology and MedicineJuly 1995Pages 125-139 RelatedInformation

Characterisation of a novel “22kDa” phosphoprotein which may be important in insulin action

Conference Article| May 01 1995 Characterisation of a novel “22kDa” phosphoprotein which may be important in insulin action TRICIA A. DIGGLE; TRICIA A. DIGGLE 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD M. DENTON RICHARD M. DENTON 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (2): 209S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023209s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation TRICIA A. DIGGLE, RICHARD M. DENTON; Characterisation of a novel “22kDa” phosphoprotein which may be important in insulin action. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1995; 23 (2): 209S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023209s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: IEF, isoelectric focusing, eIF-4E, eukaryotic initiation factor-4E, PHAS-I, Phosphorylated, Heat and Acid-Stable protein regulated by Insulin, BP-1, 2, binding proteins-1 and 2, MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, *evidence for insulin-induced phosphorylation in vivo This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

The role of intramitochondrial Ca2+ in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian tissues.

The role of intramitochondrial Ca2+ in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian tissues James G. McCormack* and Richard M. Dentont “Department of Pharmacology, Syntex Research Centre, Heriot-Watt Universi? y Research Park, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH 14 4AP, Scotland, U K , and +Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 ITD, U.K. 793

Origins and early days of the Bristol school of cosmic-ray physics

The founder of the Bristol School was Cecil Frank Powell, Nobel Laureate for Physics in 1950 for his discovery of the pi-meson and sometimes called the father of meson physics. The article describes first his early life and his many years of systematic work to perfect the nuclear emulsion technique. This is followed by a brief description of the circumstances of the discovery of the pi-meson and of the so-called 'strange particles'. An attempt is made to give a portrait of Powell and to explain his success in building up one of the first post-war international research teams, which paved the way for large international laboratories such as CERN. The account concludes with some personal memories of the award of the Nobel Prize and of the happy and creative atmosphere which Powell created around him at one of the most exciting times in the physics of cosmic rays since their discovery just after the beginning of the century.

Real-time Visual Feedback in the Development of Vocal Pitch Accuracy in Singing

It has been conjectured that the development of vocal pitch accuracs Mn siiging is partly determined by the quality of feedback available to an error labelling schema (Welch. 1985 [a] and lb]). As a practical applicationl of this theoretical construct to the classroom, a micro-computer-based nvsteni (Howard and Welch, 1987) has been developed to provide real-time visual feedback of vocal pitch production to the user. This system has recentiv undergone initial trials with a class of seven-year-old children in a Bristol school. The sample (n =32) was divided into three matched groups: (a) experimental interactive, (b) experimental non-interactive, and (c) control, based on an initial system-driven assessment of their socal pitch accuracy Groups (a) and (b) used the system and the control group (c) uindertook singing activities of a more traditional nature. After one schoiol term. socal pitch accuracy was re-assessed. The two experimental groups recorded a signiticant improvement in their vocal pitch matching ability cmpared to the control group. The results are seen as supportive of the previouLslv stated theoretical position and confirm that action can encouralrac the underlsin.it developmental process (Welch, 1986).