Brill Academic Publishers Research Articles

“From Northeast Passage to the Northern Sea Route”. Новая книга об истории Северного морского пути

The present article provides a brief introduction to the first comprehensive scholarly account in English of the history of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) from the earliest exploration to the first decades of the 21st century. It was published in October 2022 under the title “From Northeast Passage to Northern Sea Route. A History of the waterway North of Eurasia” by Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. This introduction touches on a few important issues that are discussed in the volume, which is written by a team of Russian, Norwegian, Dutch and British historians and political scientists. The first stage of this project was carried through in the 1990s, within the framework of INSROP (The International Northern Sea Route Programme (1993–1999)), which was conducted by the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Oslo. As a result of their efforts four working papers appeared on the history of NSR. In the end a decision was made to develop the topic further into a collective monograph. This second stage of the project, however, started only many years later, in 2015, and was executed in the course of seven years, now under the leadership of the UiT  The Arctic University of Norway. In the present article you will find information about the contents and direction of the monograph, as well as a small sample from the book, chosen from a multitude of other themes, for the simple reason that it is relevant to the recent commemoration of 150th anniversary of Franz Josef Land’s discovery (1873–2023).

Coping With Life during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) by Sigrun Haude

Reviewed by: Coping With Life during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) by Sigrun Haude Peter Thaler Coping With Life during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648). By Sigrun Haude. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2021. Pp. xv + 311. Hardback $91.00. ISBN 978-9004466470. Stimulated by pertinent anniversaries, researchers have reexamined the history of the Thirty Years’ War in recent years. A noteworthy aspect has been the widespread focus on individual suffering. Sigrun Haude’s study of personal experiences and coping strategies during the great central European cataclysm of the seventeenth century fits in perfectly with this scholarly reorientation. Having analyzed the confessional era in central Europe in several previous books, Haude came well-prepared for her task. In her current study, she explores how people tried to survive the Thirty Years’ War; on what resources they drew to endure violence, hunger, loss, and disease; and how they tried to make sense of a conflict that appeared ever more meaningless (6). To answer these questions, she primarily turns to well-known contemporary diaries, which she complements with archival sources from southern German archives. Haude centers her investigation on Bavaria and Franconia, which provides for both regional proximity and denominational variation, as Bavaria was strictly Catholic, whereas significant parts of Franconia were Lutheran. The core of the study draws on personal accounts by members of the clergy. These sources might be described as ego-documents, but Haude considers this term insufficient because the texts are strongly colored by their social context and thus reflect more than an individual perspective. Most important for the study are the testimonies provided by the Augustine prioress Clara Staiger, the Benedictine abbots Maurus Friesenegger and Veit Höser, the Dominican nun Maria Anna Junius, and the Lutheran pastor Bartholomäus Dietwar. These personal accounts show a complex web of experiences. Most universally, they express fear. Life had lost all stability—people lived in constant expectation of violence, dislocation, hunger, and poverty. Local governments tried to ameliorate these consequences of war but to little avail. In fact, troops sent to protect the populace were just as likely to commit violence or cause starvation as the invading armies they were supposed to repel. The ravages of war deepened the need for protection not only in military terms but also in spiritual terms. With regard to the latter, the religious remedies offered by the churches frequently proved insufficient, which increased the demand for more unorthodox measures commonly denoted as magic. Another source of resilience was humor, which several protagonists were able to muster even during the most challenging periods. Finally, some of the authors also describe the possibility of respectful interactions and exchanges between supposed enemies. Oftentimes it [End Page 317] was Catholic nuns who successfully appealed to the gallantry of Protestant officers and secured their protection. Coping with Life during the Thirty Years’ War focuses on individuals. In many ways, Sigrun Haude has composed a psychohistory of the wartime experience, with an emphasis on how people felt during this conflict. The Cincinnati historian does not attempt a comprehensive reinterpretation of the Thirty Years’ War and becomes somewhat less sure-footed when she moves beyond her core topic. Her terse summary of the war on pages eight to sixteen leaves no room for discussing alternative understandings. Some of the self-made maps, such as the map of the Holy Roman Empire around 1618 on page eleven that, inter alia, seems to include southern Schleswig in that polity and divide Pomerania in an anachronistic manner, can be slightly misleading. A number of lesser oversights or imprecisions—such as making 1527 the norm year of the Peace of Prague (15) or describing the Habsburgs as a royal dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to the late eighteenth century (237)—could have been caught by more careful external proofreading. Yet, drawing on an abundance of sources, Haude has provided a well-researched study of the human experience of the Thirty Years’ War. She describes this experience in great detail, which at times gives the narration the flavor of a chronicle. In this way, her study reminds of Hans Medick’s 2018 volume Der Dreißigjährige Krieg: Zeugnisse vom...

William H. Swatos, Jr.

William H. (Bill) Swatos, Jr. passed away at the Community General Hospital Medical Center in Sterling, Illinois. He was 74 years old. The immediate cause of death was complications from COVID-19.Bill Swatos is familiar to readers of Nova Religio because of his work on the sociology of religion, and especially from his co-edited anthology on prophecy in new religious movements, How Prophecy Lives, with Diana G. Tumminia (2011). He was the first executive director of the Religious Research Association, an organization that he served in that capacity from 1994 to 2015. Overlapping that service were his efforts as executive officer of the Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASR) from 1996 until 2012. In these jobs, Bill handled a myriad of organizational duties. Few models preceded him in this work, and few then or now could exceed his standards for timeliness and efficiency.Professor Swatos received his bachelor’s degree in sociology with honors in 1966 from Transylvania University in Kentucky, and his M.A. (1969) and Ph.D. (1973) in the same subject from the University of Kentucky. Across five decades, often as a visiting professor, he taught sociology, philosophy, and religious studies — along with occasional courses in anthropology, geography, and speech — at a succession of institutions in Florida, Tennessee, and Illinois. In 1982, Bill received a Fulbright grant to perform research and to lecture on religion in Iceland.In addition to administering professional affairs through his management of scholarly associations, Bill Swatos’s working life combined three other simultaneous yet distinct careers: research and writing on the sociology of religion with a noticeable Weberian bent; shepherding sociological articles and books by others into print as an academic editor; and serving Christian believers as a member of the ordained ministry.In the first pursuit, Bill Swatos authored or co-authored eight books, compiled twenty-one anthologies alone or in collaborations, and contributed more than seventy articles and chapters to religious or sociological publishers. He was always careful in his edited volumes not only to feature the work of established figures, but also to encourage and cultivate the participation of rising younger scholars. As an editor, Bill helmed the official journal of the Association for the Sociology of Religion, Sociology of Religion (formerly Sociological Analysis), between 1989 and 1994. After relinquishing that post, he revived and edited for a decade (2005-2015) Religion and the Social Order, the ASR’s long-running book series with Brill Academic Publishers. At the same time, he was managing editor (2004-2016) of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, a pioneering online outlet sponsored by the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University.At the start of his ecclesiastical career, Bill graduated with an M.Div. degree in 1969 from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Lexington, Kentucky, where he taught classes on Greek and the New Testament. The following year he was ordained to the priesthood in the Episcopal Church and began serving a series of congregations of that denomination. His unit of the Episcopal Church in Illinois, the Diocese of Quincy, in 2008 withdrew in reaction to perceived departures from theological orthodoxy. Bill went with it, and with it he eventually affiliated with the new Anglican Church in North America. With the Anglicans he took charge of historic Christ Church, Limestone, in Hanna City, Illinois, for a decade.Much of what Bill Swatos achieved in life he did behind the scenes, in undertakings that would be noticed only if they were fumbled. Because such mishaps were rare, he risked missing the fullness of credit for all that he accomplished. This is an attempt to suggest why — among scholars, academic readers, conference-goers, and people in the pews — he will be greatly missed.

Jan Rüdiger, All the King’s Women. Polygyny and Politics in Europe, 900–1250. Translated by Tim Barnwell, Leiden (Brill Academic Publishers) 2020

Jan Rüdiger, All the King’s Women. Polygyny and Politics in Europe, 900–1250. Translated by Tim Barnwell, Leiden (Brill Academic Publishers) 2020

Confucianism for the Contemporary World: Global Order, Political Plurality, and Social Action, edited by Tze-ki Ton and Kristin Stapleton

In the meantime, they point out the limits of the impact of Confucianism at home and abroad and suggest that there is more work to be done to restore Confucianism in China. Whether this claim regarding Confucianism and current pandemic control is empirically valid is subject to debate, but it is fascinating to observe the persistent interest in Confucianism and its revival in the twenty-first century. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Asian Review of World Histories is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jhumpa Lahiri’s Narratives of Self-Translation as Dynamic Encounters with the Other

This essay deals with how translational processes may be incorporated in narratives concerned with the relational modes in which hybrid subjectivities may come into being. In altre parole , Jhumpa Lahiri’s autobiographical work which addresses the author’s relationship to Italian as a foreign language, as well as her choice of Italian as the language of her most recent literary production, is analysed as a text which does not only represent, but also stages the processes through which a second language is learnt and contributes in redefining the self-perception of the speaker. Although Lahiri describes her fiction as an apparently intimate space of isolation and exile, in this essay I argue that it is overdetermined by an awareness of the transpersonal, relational nature of subjectivity, as well as by the desire to explore languages as sites of both exile and reconnection. Also, by showing that language is, itself, a place of alterity, she challenges notions of selfhood and otherness, and engages with interlin- guistic and intercultural communication as forms of mutual understanding and respect. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-140 Bibliography Althusser, Louis. 1971. Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation). Monthly Review. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays , 127-186. Bhabha, Homi. 1994. The Location of Culture . London-New York: Routledge. Di Giovanni, Elena. 2009. Tradurre Jhumpa Lahiri. Rosa Maria Bollettieri Bosinelli e Elena di Giovanni (a cura di). Oltre l’Occidente. Traduzione e alterita culturale . Milano: Bompiani, 473-476. Hall, Stuart. 1994. Cultural Identity and Diaspora. Patrick Williams & Laura Chrisman eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory. A Reader . London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 227- 237. Falceri, Giorgia, Eva Gentes & Elizabete Manterola eds. 2017. Narrating the Self in Self-Trans- lation. Ticontre. Teoria, Testo, Traduzione , 7, vii-xix. Lahiri, Jumpa. 1999. Interpreter of Maladies . Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2002. Intimate Alienation: Immigrant Fiction and Translation. Rukmini Bhaya Nair ed. Translation, Text and Theory. The Paradigm of India . New Delhi-London: SAGE Publications, 113-120 [Rosa Maria Bollettieri Bosinelli e Elena Di Giovanni (a cura di) 2009. Intima alienazione: letteratura degli immigrati e traduzione. Traduzione di Elena Di Giovanni. Oltre l’Occidente. Traduzione e alterita culturale . Milano: Bompiani, 461-462. Lahiri, Jumpa. 2003. The Namesake . Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Lahiri, Jumpa. 2008. Unaccustomed Earth . London-New York: Bloomsbury. Lahiri, Jumpa. 2013. The Lowland . New York: Knopf. Lahiri, Jumpa. 2015. In altre parole . Milano: Guanda. Lahiri, Jumpa. 2016. In Other Words . Ann Goldstein trans. London-New York: Bloomsbury. Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 2003. Kafka, Minority, Marxism, or: Literature Reading Philosophy . Angela Locatelli ed. The Knowledge of Literature . Bergamo: Bergamo University Press, 119-131. Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 2006a. A Marxist Philosophy of Language . Vol V. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 2006b. Faccio questo mecidio perche amo la Jenny e lei mi tradisce: Literature as Dispatrio. Angela Locatelli ed. The Knowledge of Literature . Vol. III. Bergamo: Bergamo University Press, 119-131. Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 2019. De l’interpellation. Sujet, langue, ideologie . Paris: Editions Amsterdam. Lecercle, Jean-Jacques & Denise Riley. 2004. The Force of Language . Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Lamming, George. 1992. The Pleasures of Exile . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Monaco, Angelo. 2019. Jhumpa Lahiri. Vulnerabilita e resilienza . Pisa: Edizioni ETS. Muchshima Moynihan, Susan. 2012. Affect, History, and the Ironies of Community and Sol- idarity in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Interpreter of Maladies . Lavina Dhingra & Floyd Cheung eds. Naming Jhumpa Lahiri. Canons and Controversies . Lanham: Lexinton Books, 97-116. Spagnuolo, Elena Anna. 2017. Giving Voice to the Hybrid Self. Self-Translation as Strategy by Francesca Duranti & Martina Satriano. Ticontre. Teoria, Testo, Traduzione, 7, 67-84. Srikanth, Rajini. 2012. What Lies Beneath: Lahiri’s Brand of Desirable Difference in Unaccus- tomed Earth . Lavina Dhingra & Floyd Cheung eds. Naming Jhumpa Lahiri. Canons and Contro- versies . Lanham: Lexinton Books, 51-71.

Book review: Balancing Student Mobility Rights and National Higher Education Autonomy in the European Union, by Alexander Hoogenboom. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2017)

Book review: <i>Balancing Student Mobility Rights and National Higher Education Autonomy in the European Union</i>, by Alexander Hoogenboom. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2017)

Book review: Contingent Citizenship. The Law and Practice of Citizenship Deprivation in International, European and National Perspectives, by Sandra Mantu. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2

Book review: <i>Contingent Citizenship. The Law and Practice of Citizenship Deprivation in International, European and National Perspectives</i>, by Sandra Mantu. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2

Book Review: The Civic Citizens of Europe:The Legal Potential for Immigrant Integration in the EU, Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom, by Moritz Jesse. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers,

Book Review: <i>The Civic Citizens of Europe:The Legal Potential for Immigrant Integration in the EU, Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom</i>, by Moritz Jesse. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers,

Book Review: Good Neighbourliness in the European Legal Context, edited by Dimitri Kochenov and Elena Basheska. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2015)

View Book Review: <i>Good Neighbourliness in the European Legal Context</i>, edited by Dimitri Kochenov and Elena Basheska. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2015) by Paul James Cardwell - Common Market Law Review

The Rescue of Migrants and Refugees at Sea: Legal Rights and Obligations

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Brill Academic Publishers via the DOI in this record.

Pierre H.A. Jolivet, the spiritus rector of leaf beetle research, with a list of his publications.

Pierre H.A. Jolivet, the spiritus rector of leaf beetle research, with a list of his publications.

Book Review: Market Supervision in the European Union. Integrated Administration in Constitutional Context, by Pieter Van Cleynenbreugel. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2014)

Book Review: <i>Market Supervision in the European Union. Integrated Administration in Constitutional Context</i>, by Pieter Van Cleynenbreugel. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2014)

Book Review: Creating Property Rights. Law and Regulation of Secondary Trading in the European Union, by Margherita Colangelo. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012)

Book Review: <i>Creating Property Rights. Law and Regulation of Secondary Trading in the European Union</i>, by Margherita Colangelo. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012)

Jews and Theater in an Intercultural Context. Edited by Edna Nahshon. Brill Series in Jewish Studies, vol. 46. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012; pp. xviii + 390. $186 cloth, $189 e-book.

Jews and Theater in an Intercultural Context. Edited by Edna Nahshon. Brill Series in Jewish Studies, vol. 46. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012; pp. xviii + 390. $186 cloth, $189 e-book.

Anna Marie Roos. Web of Nature: Martin Lister (1639–1712), the First Arachnologist. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 22; Medieval and Early Modern Science, 16.) xx + 478 pp., illus., bibl., index. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2011. $177 (cloth).

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsAnna Marie Roos. Web of Nature: Martin Lister (1639–1712), the First Arachnologist. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 22; Medieval and Early Modern Science, 16.) xx + 478 pp., illus., bibl., index. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2011. $177 (cloth).Mary Pickard WinsorMary Pickard Winsor Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 105, Number 2June 2014 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/678008 Views: 15Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref © 2014 by The History of Science Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences, 2014, Isis 105, no.S1S1 (Jul 2015): i–301.https://doi.org/10.1086/680345

Book Review: Fragmented State Power and Forced Migration. A Study on Non-State Actors in Refugee Law, by Eeva Nykänen. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012)

Book Review: <i>Fragmented State Power and Forced Migration. A Study on Non-State Actors in Refugee Law</i>, by Eeva Nykänen. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2012)

New Chapters in the History of Early Modern Ashkenaz

Shlomo Berger. Producing Redemption in Amsterdam: Early Modern Yiddish Books in Paratextual Perspective. Studies in Jewish History and Culture 37. Boston and Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2013. Pp. xx + 234.Elisheva Carlebach. Palaces of Time: Jewish Calendar and Culture in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, Mass, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011. Pp. xii + 304.Edward Fram. A Window on Their World: The Court Diaries of Rabbi Hayyim Gundersheim, Frankfurt am Main, 1773-1794. Cincinnati, Ohio: Hebrew Union College Press, 2012. Pp. 653.Debra Kaplan. Beyond Expub ion: Jews, Chrbtians, and Reformation Strasbourg. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2011. Pp. xviii + 254.Robert Liberies. Jews Webome Coffee: Tradition and Innovation in Early Modern Germany. The Tauber Institute Series for Study of European Jewiy. Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis University Press, 2012. Pp. xx + 169.Among cultural turns of second half of twentieth century, translational turn has shaped Jewish studies most profoundly. Analyses of cross-cultural translation and emerging concepts of cultural transfer and entangled histories have led to a new Jewish history, told in relationship to that of surrounding majority.1 While earlier studies that marked emerging historiographic trend in mid-1990s studied Jewish and Christian perceptions of each and JewishChristian interaction expressif verbis? in postmodern age, a notion of cultural embeddedness has become a presumed factor in telling of Jewish history; rather than being an end in itself, cultural entanglement between Jews and the other has become a key to opening yet broader questions. A similar shift now treats Jews as active participants of history, and not its passive objects: Jews were not merely influenced by events or cultural developments in Christian or Muslim worlds but were major historical actors in towns, villages, and lands where they lived, making active use of and forming conditions of life they encountered (Kaplan, p. 6). They were agents of cultural change, partners in cultural encounter (even if politically weak vis-a-vis a dominant other).2 3This review essay discusses a number of recent works on history of early modem Ashkenaz that exemplify this shift. Thrs is not meant to be an exhaustive survey but rather a selection of five works from scholars from United States, Israel, and Europe that I believe are exemplary for their holistic approach to Ashkenazi culture in sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. Each honors a fundamental principal of new cultural history, namely, inclusion of voices of ordinary people and everyday culture. Based on understanding that history of Ashkenazrc Jewry is not limrted to extraordinary moments (Kaplan, p. 7) and texts written by for elite (Fram, p. 70), works under review draw on sources that have hitherto been overlooked: Jewish calendars, Yiddish paratexts, and coffee.The strategy of accessing nonelite through an unexpected source is vrsible in Shlomo Berger's Producing Redemption in Amsterdam: Early Modern Yiddish Books in Paratextual Perspective. Berger analyzes paratexts-texts subsidiary to a book's main text-of Yiddish books produced in Amsterdam, main center of Hebrew book production in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and distributed throughout Ashkenazi diaspora. Extending new field of paratextology, a subfield of book history, for first time to Jewish books, Berger treats paratexts as a key to understanding Yiddish book production, early modem Yiddish literary corpus, cultural meaning of these books, and their roles in Ashkenazi culture and society. He demonstrates that how books in Ashkenazi vernacular are presented for public consumption tells us something about world of their authors, producers, and readers. …

Peter Post, William H. Frederick, Iris Heidebrink, and Shigeru Sato, eds. The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War: In Cooperation with the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation . Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2010, xxix+684 p.

The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in Pacific War: In Cooperation with Institute for War Documentation PETER POST, WILLIAM H. FREDERICK, IRIS HEIDEBRINK, and SHIGERU SATO, eds. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2010, xxix+684 p.The twentieth century has been characterized as century of wars. It experienced two world wars, many regional wars in context of Cold War, and various kinds of internal wars. These wars produced many casualties, both military and civilian. In return, many nation-states that two great wars brought into being have made it habit to commemorate those who sacrificed their lives for their countries. By end of century, remembering has become common exercise for national governments and civic duty for citizens. In this context, intensive efforts at recollection, collective reflection and redress in relation to these wars have materialized in academia as well as public sectors. In addition, international and intergovernmental cooperation has produced new memories, understandings, and interpretations of wars. As such, boom has taken place in many parts of globe (Winter 2006, 1).Two reasons deserve to be mentioned regarding this trend from global perspective. First, as those who experienced war age, they are eager to archive their memories for future generations. In Netherlands, many memorials and statues bearing names of those who fell in war have been established by local communities. Second, many developing countries that were also former European or American colonies have been democratized in process of the Third Wave (Huntington 1991). For these countries, democratization has been process of confronting colonial and authoritarian legacies through historical fact-finding efforts that are concerned with addressing human rights violations that occurred under authoritarian regimes (De Brito et al. 2001). Thus, politics of memory sheds light on those who suffered as well as oppressed. This process has made possible, for instance, international cooperation between former colony (Indonesia) and its erstwhile suzerain power (The Netherlands) to present truth about what happened during war period.Under these changing international and domestic socio-political over years, tremendous international collaborative efforts have borne fruit in form of Encyclopedia of Indonesia in Pacific War. It is timely publication and provides broad understanding of topic. It has 56 contributors from various parts of globe with 684 and xxix pages, plus 24 pages of pictures at end of volume. It has eight major chapters-chapter one general introduction; chapter two historical overview; five middle chapters on matters directly related to Japanese occupation (chapters three to seven), namely, administration and policies, coercion and control, economy, society and social change, and culture; and chapter eight on postwar burdens and memory. The 156-page long Lexicon of People, Events and Institutions addendum to book is especially useful for readers and scholars in need of quick reference. To describe this Encyclopedia as a strong encyclopedia that can help you to get an early, broad understanding of topic (Storey 2008, 5) is indeed accurate.In his introduction Peter Post, one of editors of Encyclopedia, explains purpose of tome. It aims to go beyond myths and misconceptions and treats varied aspects of Japanese occupation period in comparative way, gives factual details of how different groups of people initially reacted towards Japanese military rule and how these groups experienced changes in their living circumstances, and pays attention to legacies of war in three main countries concerned, e.g. Japan, Indonesia, and The Netherlands (p. 2). According to Post, four major advancements in historiography of Japanese period in Indonesia over last two decades have made this Encyclopedia project possible. …

Roger Ariew. Descartes among the Scholastics. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 20; Scientific and Learned Cultures and Their Institutions, 1.) x + 358 pp., illus., bibl., index. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishing, 2011. $136 (cloth).

Roger Ariew. <i>Descartes among the Scholastics</i>. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 20; Scientific and Learned Cultures and Their Institutions, 1.) x + 358 pp., illus., bibl., index. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishing, 2011. $136 (cloth).