Mountainous regions present distinctive challenges for cable-stayed bridges using segmented erection owing to rugged terrains, steep valleys, and restricted access of roads and rivers. In recent years, the cable crane method has emerged as an innovative solution for cable-stayed bridge construction to address the difficulties associated with vertically lifting and horizontally delivering girder segments in such challenging environments. However, integrating the cable crane with the cable-stayed bridge introduces a coupling effect, significantly complicating the control of bridge geometry. Thus, this paper systematically studies the accelerated construction method and geometry control for cable-stayed bridges employing the cable crane in mountainous regions. The characteristics of 1521 bridges in mountainous regions are investigated, followed by a numerical analysis of geometry control and field measurements of as-built geometries, forces, and ambient conditions during construction. Critical techniques for cable-stayed bridge construction using the cable crane method are also clarified. The mechanical behavior of the bridge during construction is comprehensively evaluated to improve geometry control. The numerical results are validated through field measurements, offering valuable insights for future cable-stayed bridge practices utilizing the novel cable crane method.