Bridge Exercise Research Articles

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercise on the Strength, Range of Motion and Pain

Background: Few comparative studies have been conducted on strengthening the anterior and posterior muscles of the trunk via lumbar stabilization exercises.Objectives: To compare the effects of forward leaning exercise and supine bridging exercise in stability exercise.Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind).Methods: Thirty subjects with spondylolisthesis were participated in this study. Fifteen subjects performed the bridging exercises and fifteen subjects performed the forward leaning exercises. Each exercise was held for ten seconds per repetition, and four repetitions were considered one sub-session. A total of four sub-sessions were performed in one full exercise session. The full exercise session required thirty minutes, including rest time. Trunk strength and range of motion and Oswestry disability index were measured.Results: Two weeks later, trunk flexion strength and trunk extension range of motion were significantly increased in the forward leaning exercise group than in the supine bridging group, trunk extension strength were significantly increased in the supine bridging exercise group than in the forward leaning group. After two weeks, the pain score was significantly lower in the forward leaning exercise group than in the supine bridging group.Conclusion: This study has shown that stabilization exercises are effective in increasing range of motion and strength in spondylolisthesis subjects. It was especially confirmed that the method of strengthening the anterior muscles of the trunk is more effective than the standard stabilization exercise method.

The Effects of Bridge Exercise with One Hip Joint Adduction on Trunk Muscle Thickness

The Effects of Bridge Exercise with One Hip Joint Adduction on Trunk Muscle Thickness

Relationship Between Strength of Hip Muscles and Performance of Close Kinetic Chain Dynamic Lower Extremity Stability Test

Background: The hip muscle plays various roles. Several types of functional performance tests are used for the assessment of patients with various lower extremity injuries. Hip muscle functions are important to test the performance of maintaining the spine, pelvic, and leg during bridging exercise. We designed a novel functional performance test tool, which we named close kinetic chain dynamic lower extremity stability (CKCLE) test to assess hip muscle functions. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between CKCLE test and hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor strengths. Methods: Twenty-two subjects were recruited in the present study (13 males and 9 females). The hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor muscle strengths were measured using a Smart KEMA strength sensor. When the examiner said “Go”, the subject performed the CKCLE test by moving one leg from the floor and touching the opposite knee and then return to the floor while maintaining the bridging position. The subjects attempted as many “touches” as possible in the allotted time (20 seconds) during the maximal tests. The correlation between the hip muscle (extensor, external rotator, and abductor) strength of the supporting leg and the number of CKCLE tests performed in 20 seconds was determined using the Pearson correlation. Results: Hip extensor (r = 0.626, p < 0.05), hip external rotator (r = 0.616, p < 0.05), and hip abductor muscle strengths (r = 0.475, p < 0.05) positively correlated with the number of CKCLE tests performed. Conclusion: We designed a CKCLE test and found that performance in the test correlated with hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor muscle strengths. The result suggests that the CKCLE test can be applied as a performance test to assess the functions of the hip extensor, external rotator, and hip abductor muscles.

Comparative Analysis of the Electromyography Activity of Core Muscles During Balance Pad- and Sling-assisted Exercises

Background: Unstable surface-based core training can significantly enhance core strength, but no studies have compared the effects of balance pad- and sling-assisted exercises. Objects: To study the effects of unstable surface-based balance pad- and sling-assisted core strength exercises on muscle activity. Methods: Twenty male students aged 20-25 years participated in this study. The effects of three types of core strength exercises, performed with a sling or balance pad, on the activities of three muscles, i.e., the right musculus obliquus externus abdominis (EO), right erector spinae (ES), and right gluteus maximus (GM), were examined. Results: 1) In the glute bridge exercise, the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction of the EO, ES, and GM were significantly different between the balance pad- and sling-assisted exercises. The relative contribution of the ES and GM activities to all muscle activity were not significantly different between the two training types, whereas that for EO showed a significant difference. 2) There was no significant difference in the percentage value of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) among the EO, ES, and GM during the “leg-lifting with flat support”exercise, and there were no significant difference in the relative contributions between the two training types. 3) In the “side bridge leg separation exercise”, the %MVC of the ES, EO, and GM were significantly different between the two training types. Conclusion: Sling training for core muscles was generally better than balance pad assist training. The majority of physiotherapy patients require core training. Our results could guide physiotherapists in the choice of targeted exercises for these patients.

AN EXAMINATION OF THIGH MUSCLE ACTIVATIONS IN BRIDGE-PLANK EXERCISES PERFORMED ON DIFFERENT GROUNDS

Purpose: The study aimed to examine hamstring-quadriceps muscle activations of the supine bridge and reverse plank exercises that are performed for both improving the overall body strength and contributing to the treatment in the process following an injury on different grounds. Methods: Ten participants (four males and six females, age=26.70±3.02 years) without regular sports habits were included in the study. Bilateral supine bridge and bilateral reverse plank exercises were practiced randomly on stable and unstable grounds. In the study, muscle activation values of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (SEM) muscles of the participants were examined. Along with the muscle activation that occurred during the exercise, hamstring (BF+SEM)/quadriceps (VM+VL) ratio was also determined (H:Q). Results: The lowest co-activation ratio (most balanced H:Q activation) was observed on stable ground bridge exercise (5.83±4.04), and the largest co-activation ratio (hamstring dominant activation) was observed on stable ground plank exercise (8.84±6.60). No significant difference was found between exercises at H:Q co-activation ratio (p&amp;gt;0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in the quadriceps and hamstring group in terms of exercise and difference ground in favor of plank (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Reverse plank exercise has greater agonist muscle activation than the supine bridge. Therefore, it is thought that bridge exercise could be advised in the rehabilitation process that necessitates a high level of balance, especially in co-activation ratio. Further study with various clinical problems may direct the process.

Effects of Core Exercise in the Unstable and Stable Surfaces on the Body Composition of 20’s Normal Adults

Purpose: The purpose is to examine the influence of changes in body components due to the movement of core muscles on the unstable support surface and the stable support surface. Methods: The study consisted of 12 healthy adults. Two groups were randomly selected. The flank and bridge exercises were carried out on the unstable support surface and the stable support surface. Body-X balance tool was used to create an unstable support surface. The exercise intensity and time were progressively increased every week. Results: There was a significant difference in body weight of the group using the stable support surface (p .05). There was a significant difference in body weight between the groups (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass between the two groups. Conclusion: According to the results, significant differences were found only in body weight after performing exercises on stable support ground while there was no significant differences in body weight, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass on unstable support. Although there was no significant changes in the body composition after conducting interventions, a decrease trend of body weight was found. Therefore, it will be necessary to study with more than three-week intervention periods in the future studies, related to core exercise and body composition.

Effects of Various Types of Bridge Exercise on the Walking Ability of Stroke Patients

Effects of Various Types of Bridge Exercise on the Walking Ability of Stroke Patients

라이프케어 증진을 위한 슬링교각운동 시슬링스트렙 위치에 따른 부하량 연구

본 연구의 목적은 라이프케어 증진을 위한 슬링교각운동 시 슬링스트렙의 위치에 따라 다리에서 발생되는 부하량을 정확히 측정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 신체 건강한 20대 남자대학생 10명이 본 실험에 참여하였다. 바로 누운 자세에서 양쪽 무릎과, 발목에 슬링스트렙을 걸고 교각운동을 실시할 때 무릎과 발목에 전달되는 부하량을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 양쪽 무릎을 지지한 상태에서의 슬링교각운동이 양쪽 발목을 지지한 상태에서의 슬링교각운동에서보다 아래로 누르는 부하량이 통계학적으로 더 크게 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 양쪽 무릎간, 양쪽 발목간 부하량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지않았다(p〉.05). 본 연구결과는 슬링교각운동 시 다리에 걸리는 부하를 객관적으로 측정하였다는데 의의가 있으며, 슬링운동 시 운동강도 설정에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Effects of knee flexion angles in supine bridge exercise on trunk and pelvic muscle activity

ABSTRACT This study investigated the activity of surface electromyography (sEMG) on trunk and pelvic muscles during supine bridge exercise (SBE) with different knee flexion angles. Twenty-five physically active males participated in this study. Subjects received maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) tests followed by four SBEs with different knee flexion angles (40°, 60°, 90° and 120°) in random. sEMG activities of rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ER), gluteus medius (GMed), superior gluteus maximus (SGMax), inferior gluteus maximus (IGMax), biceps femoris (BF) long head, and the ratio of SGMax/BF and IGMax/BF on the dominant side were measured. Non-clinical magnitude-based inference was performed to compare the effect. The results indicated a substantial change of muscle activity, especially between SBE with 40° and 120° knee flexion. With respect to ER and BF, moderate effect (−0.70 ± 0.17) and extremely large effect (−4.78 ± 0.51) were recorded, whereas very large effect for SGMax/BF (2.68 ± 0.23) and IGMax/BF (2.95 ± 0.26) was observed, respectively. Both ER and BF worked better with smaller knee flexion angles (40° > 60° > 90° > 120°), while SGMax and IGMax were more favourable to SBE with large knee flexion angles (90° = 120° > 60° > 40°).

Effect of whole body vibration on the electromyographic activity of core stabilizer muscles: WBV ON CORE STABILIZER MUSCLES

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of whole body vibration on electromyographic activity of the core muscles. MethodsThis is an observational cross-sectional study composed of 30 males who practice physical activity. The amplitude of the electromyographic activation (Root Mean Square - RMS) of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, longissimus thoracis, multifidus muscles were evaluated during supine bridge, side plank and frontal plank exercises, performed with and without vibration (frequency: 50 Hz and amplitude: 4 mm). A significance level of 5% was assigned for all analyzes. ResultsWhole body vibration did not alter the amplitude of electromyographic activity for any of the evaluated muscle groups, showing no difference between the conditions with and without vibration during the performance of the proposed exercises. ConclusionUnder the conditions analyzed in this study, the vibrating platform does not change the activation amplitude of core muscles, suggesting that the use of whole body vibration is not necessary as an additional method to increase muscle activity during stabilization exercises in healthy men.

Change in Regional Activity of the Quadratus Lumborum During Bridge Exercises.

The quadratus lumborum (QL) is expected to contribute to segmental motor control of the lumbar spine to prevent low back pain. It has different layers (anterior [QL-a] and posterior [QL-p] layers), whose functional differences are becoming apparent. However, the difference between the QL-a and QL-p activities during bridge exercises utilized in rehabilitation is unclear. To compare QL-a and QL-p activities during bridge exercises. Repeated-measurement design was used to assess electromyographic activity of trunk muscles recorded during 14 types of bridge exercises. University laboratory. A total of 13 healthy men with no history of lumbar spine disorders participated. The participants performed 14 types of bridge exercises (3, 3, and 8 types of side bridge, back bridge, and front bridge [FB], respectively). Fine-wire electromyography was used for QL-a and QL-p activity measurements during bridge exercises. Both QL-a and QL-p showed the highest activity during the side bridge with hip abduction (47.3% [29.5%] and 43.0% [32.9%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction, respectively). The activity of the QL-a was significantly higher than that of the QL-p during back bridge with ipsilateral leg lift and FB elbow-toe with ipsilateral arm and contralateral leg lift (P < .05). With regard to the QL-p, the activity of the FB hand-knee with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift, the FB elbow-knee with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift, and the FB elbow-toe with contralateral arm and ipsilateral leg lift were significantly higher than that of the FB elbow-knee and FB elbow-toe (P < .05). This study indicates different regional activities; the QL-a activated during the back bridge with ipsilateral leg lift and FB with ipsilateral arm lift, and the QL-p activated during the FB with ipsilateral leg lift. These results have implications for the rehabilitation of low back pain or lumbar scoliosis patients based on QL recruitment.

Differences of Muscle Activities of Various Bridge Postures Using Thera-band on the Stable Surface

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted to compare and analyze the muscle activity of vastus lateralis, muscle vastus medialis, spinal erector muscles and gluteus maximus muscle using the EMG measuring device and suggest effective results of the bridge exercise when conducting the bridge exercise with various bridge postures using resistance of Thera-band on the stable support surface.Method/Statistical Analysis: In order to examine the difference in the muscle activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, erector spinae and gluteus maximus, a total of 3 exercises were conducted by each different posture; the normal bridge posture, the hip adduction bridge posture using the resistance of Thera-band and the hip abduction bridge posture using the resistance of Thera-band. The measured results of the experiment was analyzed by repeated measure analysis of varianceFindings: The results showed that muscle activity was all higher when conducting the bridge exercise using the resistance of Thera-band for vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, erector spinae and gluteus maximus, In the hip adduction bridge posture, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis showed significant difference, and in the hip abduction posture, gluteus maximus showed significant difference compared to the normal bridge posture.Improvements/Applications: It is considered that the hip abduction bridge exercise and the hip adduction bridge exercise using the resistance of Thera-band can help stabilize the body.

Progressions of core stabilization exercises based on postural control challenge assessment.

The intensity progression of core stabilization exercises (CSEs) is usually based on personal criteria rather than on objective parameters. To develop exercise progressions for four of the most common CSEs based on the postural control challenge imposed on the participants, and to analyze the effect of participants' sex and postural control level on these progressions. Seventy-six males and females performed five variations of front bridge, back bridge, side bridge and bird-dog exercises on two force platforms. The mean velocity of the center of pressure displacement was calculated to assess exercise intensity through the measurement of the participants' body sway (PBS). In general, long bridges produced higher PBS than short bridges, bridging with single leg support produced higher PBS than bridging with double leg support and bridging on a hemisphere ball produced higher PBS than bridging on the floor. The most difficult bridging variations were those performed on a hemisphere ball with single leg support. Regarding the bird-dog, two-point positions produced higher PBS than three-point positions and the positions performed on a hemisphere ball produced higher PBS than those performed on the floor. The CSE progressions obtained by males and females were very similar. However, the participants with high trunk control showed less significant differences between exercise variations than the participants with low trunk control, which shows the need to individualize the progressions according to the participants' training level. Overall, this study provides useful information to guide the prescription of CSE progressions in young physically active individuals.

Comparison of Trunk Muscle Activity During Modified Side-Bridge Exercises and Traditional Side Bridge Exercise.

The modified side-bridge exercise is designed for some special situations in which it is impossible to tolerate the compressive load on the side supported during the side bridge, such as in the older people with a hip or knee replacement and even in athletes with shoulder pain. To examine the effects of 3 modified side-bridge exercises on the spinal stability muscles compared with traditional side-bridge (TSB) exercises for healthy men. The effects of different exercises on the muscle activities of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and quadratus lumborum (QL) during TSB exercise, both legs lift on side lying (BLLS), torso lift on a 45° bench while side lying (TLBS), and wall side bridge (WSB) were analyzed with the 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. This study was conducted in a university hospital laboratory. A total of 20 healthy men were recruited for this study. The participants performed TSB, BLLS, TLBS, and WSB in a random order. Surface electromyography measured the muscle activity of the EO, IO, and QL. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the statistical significance of the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity. When there was a significant difference, a Bonferroni adjustment was performed. BLLS and TLBS showed similar effects to TSB in the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity, whereas WSB showed significantly less QL muscle activity than TSB (P < .05). Moreover, TLBS was significantly greater in the muscle activity of QL and EO than WSB (P < .05). BLLS and TLBS may be effective rehabilitation techniques to activate EO, IO, and QL in patients who are unable to perform TSB as spine stability exercises.

Effect of Bridging Exercise Interventions on Pain Reduction In the Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis

Introduction: Elderly people will experience physical and psychological declines, there will also be several kinds of degenerative diseases, one of which is osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee. Elderly people who suffer from knee OA generally experience muscle weakness, pain, and limited knee motion. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bridging exercise on reducing pain in elderly with knee OA. Methode: The study design was quasi experiment which consisted of the treatment and the control group. The research respondents were 34 elderlies at Eastern Jakarta Village and selected by purposive sampling. The bridging exercise intervention was given for 4 weeks, 2 times a week with a duration of 30 minutes. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Results: The knee pain in treatment group before intervention was 8,29 and became 6,29 after intervention, whereas in control group was 7,58 and 7,53 respectively. The average difference in knee pain changed between groups was -1,76 with a p-value of 0.009. Conclusion: Bridging exercise could reduce pain in knee OA of elderly. The integrated development post could apply this exercise as additional exercise in their routine activity.

The effect in the quadriceps muscle activity between with and without upper limb support during front bridge exercise

The effect in the quadriceps muscle activity between with and without upper limb support during front bridge exercise

Electromyographic Analysis of Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Hamstring and Erector Spinae Muscles Activity During the Bridge Exercise With Hip External Rotation in Different Knee Flexion Angles in Healthy Subjects

Electromyographic Analysis of Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Hamstring and Erector Spinae Muscles Activity During the Bridge Exercise With Hip External Rotation in Different Knee Flexion Angles in Healthy Subjects

Effect of Knee Flexion and Hip External Rotation During Bridge Exercise on Hip Muscles Activity

To examine the effect of knee flexion and hip external rotation during bridge exercise on gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), and hamstring (HAM) muscles activity.

전신진동을 결합한 교각운동이 대학 축구선수의 다리 근활성도와 균형능력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of bridging exercise combined with a whole body on lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability. Thirty college soccer players were selected as experimental subjects. Fifteen were randomly assigned to the experimental group that performed bridging exercise combined with whole body vibration and the other fifteen were randomly assigned to the control group that performed bridging exercise on an unstable surface. The subjects were also assigned to work out on treadmill for thirty minutes and additionally, each group performed either bridging exercise combined with whole body vibration or bridging exercise on an unstable surface five times a week for four weeks, each session lasting for thirty minutes. An analysis on lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability was measured and recorded prior to the assignment of exercise routine. After four weeks of experiment, the same items were measured in the same manner for a group analysis. In the group analysis, the experimental group showed a showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the lower extremity muscle activity when compared with the control group. In the group analysis, the experimental group showed a showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the balance activity when compared with the control group. These results show that bridging exercise combined with whole body vibration is more effective for lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability. Based on this result, the study recommends an effective program that can also be applied to elite players, amateurs and also leisure athletes. Based on this study, further research must be conducted on various vibration frequencies in order to devise an effective whole body vibration exercise program.

시각적 되먹임 운동을 이용한 교각운동 시 큰 볼기근의 상대적인 근활성도 비교분석

시각적 되먹임 운동을 이용한 교각운동 시 큰 볼기근의 상대적인 근활성도 비교분석