Bridging Concept Research Articles

What do you mean by values? Integration of social with biophysical knowledge in the development of a landscape decision support system

Environmental decision-making is recognised as requiring integration of biophysical and social knowledge, but integration of knowledges based in different epistemic assumptions is challenging. We used an action research approach to observe integration in the development of a landscape decision support system (DSS) for forest and fire management in Victoria, Australia. We found two different knowledge integration processes, conceptually-driven to shape the structure of the DSS and technically-driven through modelling. Project framing dominated by biophysical sciences and technically-driven integration presented a barrier to many potential social science contributions that could connect a DSS with the surrounding social and decision contexts. Nonetheless, some conceptually-driven integration occurred when social researchers contributed their analysis of values of the public to the DSS design. The need for this integration emerged through initial conflict over disciplinary understandings of ‘value’. While initially uncomfortable, this opened the way to differentiate knowledge related to the term and to negotiate some conceptual synthesis and an agreed multidisciplinary list of values to structure the DSS. Technically-driven integration occurred through incorporation of social and biophysical metrics in model software. Our research highlights that bridging concepts such as values and related frameworks act as boundary objects that help in overcoming barriers to integration between social and biophysical knowledge. Integration is itself a potential boundary object and early discussions to differentiate and clarify how the term is understood can help in designing interdisciplinary processes. Critically, projects need adequate time for interdisciplinary differentiation, tolerance amongst the team for uncomfortable conversations, and leadership that fosters interdisciplinary interactions to achieve a high degree of knowledge integration.

Narrating by Doing: A Bridging Concept for Understanding and Informing the Design of Tangible Interfaces for Storytelling

Abstract We present and discuss the concept ‘narrating by doing’ as the process of creating narratives by performing different embodied actions with tangible interfaces for storytelling. We characterize it as a ‘bridging concept’ that can facilitate exchange between theory and design, informing research and design of TUIs for storytelling targeting young children. The concept builds on theories of cognition, learning and narration, specifically drawing upon the following perspectives: Constructionism, Socio-Constructivism, Embodied Cognition, Narratology and The Narrative Practice Hypothesis. Building upon these theoretical foundations, we identify and discuss four ‘design articulations’ (i.e. important parameters that express the qualities of the concept), namely communicative situation, narrative function of the tangible objects, collaborative and embodied actions and the narrator’s position. Finally, we add evidence to the concept and discuss its productiveness by presenting a set of considerations to inform the design of tangible interfaces for storytelling.

DESIGN OF CHENAB BRIDGE IN INDIA

The Chenab Bridge's conceptual design and structural design principles are described in this study. The major goal is to describe the unique bridge concept in difficult terrain and to provide an overview of the design solutions employed in one of the world's tallest steel arch railway bridges. The construction of a new railway line in India has been taken on by Indian Railways as a mega-project in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The project includes a large number of tunnels and bridges which are to be implemented in highly rugged and mountainous terrain. The alignment crosses a deep gorge of the Chenab River which necessitates construction of a long span railway bridge. The deck height is 359m and bridge length is 1315m. Indian railways constructing the iconic arch bridge on river Chenab as a part of the USBRL project to connect Kashmir valley to the rest of nation. Arch bridge completely made of steel. Foundations and the approach viaduct piers are made of concrete. This paper describes the design and engineering of the bridge. The bridge has numerous design challenges such as erection of the steel arch by cable crane, the bridge’s huge dimensions, and the special design requirements- redundancy of the arch, the earthquake load and blast load effect. The challenges in the design and erection of the bridge is described in this paper.bridge, long-span, railway, arch

Homogeneous Wave Load Effects on the Connections of Main Parts of Side-Anchored Straight Floating Bridge

In this paper, a numerical study is presented to investigate wave force on the connections of main parts of a side-anchored straight floating bridge concept for the Bjørnafjorden fjord crossing. The floating bridge is supported by 18 pontoons, and three groups of mooring lines are employed to restrain the bridge against horizontal loads and increase its transverse stiffness. The created wave forces at the connections of pontoon-column and column-girder of the floating bridge considering the effects of short-crested and long-crested waves, varying wave direction, hydrodynamic interaction between pontoons, and mooring system are analyzed. It is found that short-crested and long-crested waves depending on their direction decrease or increase the wave forces on the joints. Considering that the effect of hydrodynamic interaction between pontoons can increase or reduce the wave forces and moments created in the joints, which means the neglect of the hydrodynamic interaction effects between the pontoons to simplify the modeling of this type of floating bridge, may be unacceptable. Moreover, the results showed that the bridge mooring system does not merely reduce the wave forces and moments at joints along the bridge.

Comparative Study of the Floating Bridge Components

Floating bridge is a set of specialized shallow draft boats or floats hyperlink collectively to cross the river or canal or lake. With a track or deck most early floating bridge had been built for the features of the battle. There are numerous kinds of floating bridges relying on the conditions of the land and the type of barriers to cross. The principle behind floating bridge concept is the Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy. This study was made to review previous studies concerned about the floating bridges. Almost all the study concerned with floating bridge components and their suitability with the given condition. only limited information is available for floating bridges in many aspects. In this study we have covered the different types of pontoons, access to bridge, navigational openings, mooring systems, etc. are the most important parts of floating bridge.

Parametric study and dynamic response analysis of three single curved discrete pontoon floating bridges

ABSTRACT In this paper, three curved floating bridge concepts with a uniform span of 500 m and different radii of curvature are proposed for the crossing of the coastal waters in Singapore. The bridge girder is supported by 4 pontoons along the bridge length and the two ends are connected to the shore. Three different girder cross-sections are considered. Static analysis is first carried out considering the bridge's self-weight, water current forces and various tidal conditions. Next, eigen value and regular wave analyses are performed to assess the effect of bridge radius, cross-sectional rigidity and end connection on the bridge behaviour. Based on the results, several bridge configurations are selected for further study. Finally, irregular wave analysis is carried out to investigate the realistic bridge performance under operational and extreme environmental conditions. Conclusions are drawn based on the simulation results. Recommendations on the design parameters for further investigations are made.

Graphical Structures of Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information

The theory developed in this article is based on graphs of cubic intuitionistic fuzzy sets (CIFS) called cubic intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (CIFGs). This graph generalizes the structures of fuzzy graph (FG), intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG), and interval-valued fuzzy graph (IVFG). Moreover, several associated concepts are established for CIFG, such as the idea subgraphs, degree of CIFG, order of CIFG, complement of CIFG, path in CIFG, strong CIFG, and the concept of bridges for CIFGs. Furthermore, the generalization of CIFG is proved with the help of some remarks. In addition, the comparison among the existing and the proposed ideas is carried out. Finally, an application of CIFG in decision-making problem is studied, and some future study is proposed.

The Development of Extradosed Bridge Concept from a Vision to a Reality

The development of Extradosed bridge from a vision to a real project is presented in this paper. Mathivat of France who is recognized as the inventor of this bridge type, envisioned a new bridge type suitable for medium span ranges in 1979. He suggested that some of the cantilever tendons in balanced cantilever bridge can be deviated to the top deck supported by short tower resemble stay cables. The structural benefit of this idea is increasing positive moment capacity by increasing eccentricity over the pier and enhanced shear capacity. Therefore, with the same conditions, longer span can be designed. Due to small angle of stay cables, the cable allowable stress at serviceability is about the same level with balanced cantilever bridge and no significant penalty on fatigue resistance unlike stay cables for conventional cable stayed bridges. The Extradosed bridge offers economic benefit for medium span range and aesthetically pleasing.

Science-Narrative Explorations of “Drought Thresholds” in the Maritime Eden Catchment, Scotland: Implications for Local Drought Risk Management

Drought in the United Kingdom is a “hidden” pervasive risk, defined and perceived in different ways by diverse stakeholders and sectors. Scientists and water managers distinguish meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socio-economic drought. Historically triggers in drought risk management have been demarcated solely in specialist hydrological science terms using indices and critical thresholds. This paper explores “drought thresholds” as a bridging concept for interdisciplinary science-narrative enquiry. The Eden catchment, Scotland acts as an exemplar, in a maritime country perceived as wet. The research forms part of creative experimentation in science-narrative methods played out in seven United Kingdom case-study catchments on hydro-meteorological gradients in the Drought Risk and You (DRY) project, with the agricultural Eden the most northerly. DRY explored how science and stories might be brought together to support better decision-making in United Kingdom drought risk management. This involved comparing specialist catchment-scale modelling of drought risk with evidence gathered from local narratives of drought perceptions/experiences. We develop the concept of thresholds to include perceptual triggers of drought awareness and impact within and between various sectors in the catchment (agriculture, business, health and wellbeing, public/communities, and natural and built environments). This process involved developing a framework for science-narrative drought “threshold thinking” that utilizes consideration of severity and scale, spatial and temporal aspects, framing in terms of enhancing or reducing factors internal and external to the catchment and new graphical methods. The paper discusses how this extended sense of thresholds might contribute to research and practice, involving different ways of linking drought severity and perception. This has potential to improve assessment of sectoral vulnerabilities, development of adaptive strategies of different stakeholders, and more tailored drought communication and messaging. Our findings indicate that drought risk presents many complexities within the catchment, given its cross-sectoral nature, rich sources of available water, variable prior drought experience among stakeholders, and different quantitative and perceptual impact thresholds across and within sectors. Fuzziness in identification of drought thresholds was multi-faceted for varied reasons. Results suggest that a management paradigm that integrates both traditional and non-traditional “fuzzy” threshold concepts across sectors should be integrated into current and future policy frameworks for drought risk management.

Design and Analysis of a Biosimilar Bridging Study with a Prediction Interval-Based Consistency Test.

The development of biosimilars has substantially increased in recent years. A biosimilar is a biological product which is highly similar to a licensed biological product (reference product), with no clinically meaningful differences between the proposed biosimilar and the reference product. A bridging study is a viable strategy to bring an approved biosimilar product from the original region(s) to new regions or countries. While the bridging concept and the principles of conducting bridging studies for innovative products outlined in ICH E5 guidance are informative for biosimilar development, existing statistical strategies for designing and analyzing a bridging study may not be directly applicable when the biosimilar global study compares the biosimilar product to a reference product as control. In this paper, we present a novel and practical statistical methodology for designing and analyzing a biosimilar bridging study based on a prediction interval-based consistency test for assessing consistency between the bridging study and the biosimilar global study. We prove analytically that the method has the desired statistical properties (i.e., high power when the two studies are perfectly consistent or nearly consistent in efficacy and type I error control when the two studies are clearly inconsistent in efficacy). We present a numerical example to illustrate that the implementation of the method is straightforward in practice. We also discuss the application of the method to various endpoints and metrics.

Analysis of Modal Characteristics of Long-Span Suspension Bridges with Ruled Surface Spatial Cables

In this paper, new concepts of single-leaf hyperboloid spatial cable suspension bridges and hyperbolic parabolic spatial cable suspension bridges are proposed. Combined with the 4000 m long-span Messina Strait Bridge, dynamic modal analyses of the spatial cable suspension bridges are carried out. The results show that the spatial suspension bridges have a torsional vibration mode appearing much later, a torsional-bending frequency ratio greatly improved, a critical wind speed for flutter greatly improved, and better wind stability, as compared with the parallel suspension bridge.

Between attraction and aversion: How designers can use the concept of disgust to influence food consumption

Disgust is a strong emotion of aversion. In the context of food, it is often referred to as a guardian of the mouth, preventing close contact with pathogens and the accidental consumption of poisons. However, disgust can also create a certain level of attraction and be part of positive experiences, even in the context of food. In this article, we discuss different ways of using disgust to influence eating behaviour and contribute to healthier food consumption. We outline ten different bridging concepts accompanied by various design exemplars on how to use disgust in the context of critical food design. In addition, we present four different lenses that can help to refine the design concepts.

Perancangan Sensor LVDT dan Potensiometer Geser Sederhana Sebagai Alat Potensial Pendeteksi Pergeseran Tanah

A preliminary study on the design of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) sensor and a sliding potentiometer has been carried out. It is a distance measuring sensor that can be used as a ground shift sensor. This study aims to develop a new type of low cost mechanical sensor which has a high enough accuracy. The LVDT sensor is built using affordable materials such as PVC pipes, winding wires and iron cores, which is varied based on the number of primary coil and its diameter. While the potentiometer sensor is prepared by using linear bearing using electrode sheets of nickel and copper which is arranged by implemented the concept of the Newton-Wheatstone Bridge. The measurement value shows that the LVDT sensor with the number of primary coil of 110 and a diameter of 4 mm can measure with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and a range of more than 4 cm. While the sliding potentiometer using a sheet of copper electrodes can measure 0.5 mm with a range of more than 4 cm. The average error shown by the LVDT sensor and the sliding potentiometer is 5.2% and 6.4%, respectively.

Evolution of the Indian LPG industry: Exploring conditions for public sector business model innovation

Business model innovation in the public sector is important in creating value for citizens, industry, and government. The differing priorities of these stakeholders, which often require intervention or unification to address a societal need, are at the heart of both supply-side and demand-side strategy research. Moreover, it represents a core element of the business model innovation delivering a key commodity, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), to large populations in the developing world. In this paper, we examine varying conditions in the public sector that require both supply-side and demand-side business model innovation for value creation, capture, and appropriation through deployment of digital government initiatives and policy interventions. By analysing the Indian LPG industry over a 70-year period, we argue that the supply-side and demand-side perspective, along with the business model concept, promote a better understanding of government industry interventions in the interest of all stakeholders. Specifically, the contribution of this paper to the public sector is unique, because (i) research on demand-side strategy can help business model scholars gain a more robust, granular understanding of effective value propositions for citizens, (ii) supply-side strategy business models create a seamless delivery mechanism, and (iii) both supply-side and demand-side strategy with their unique propositions serve as a “bridging concept” in coming up with the Framework for the Customer-Integrated Public Sector Business Model that connects the shared ideas of both areas of study to resource-based streams of strategy research.

Анализ современных подходов к автоматизированной оцифровке растровых чертежей

Nowadays, manufacturers, as well as distributors, have a large amount of paper-based technical drawings. The development of information and communication technologies last year cause the task of such drawing digitalization. The task becomes popular 20 years ago in the research and development community (R&D) and now it is still opened since it has not been solved completely. Now there is a lot of scientific papers as well as a lot of commercial systems that have been created to support such a process. R&D community considers the following tasks: converting a raster drawing to vector, noise removing, etc. Some of them can recognize scanned drawings with good quality. The paper aims to analyze current research and developments for the raster drawings digitalization automation. We consider and analyze different approaches that allow supporting the digitalization process: neutral networks (YOLO, MFC-gan, AUTOFEAT, intelligent feature recognition methodology), graph theorybased approach, an algorithm based on a set of rules and Opitz coding system, an algorithm based on field losses of the surface and the concept of bridges. There is commercial software that supports the digitalization process for the PDF that has been exported from the CAD software. However, scanned image recognition does not work fine.

Doing justice to the agential material*

AbstractDiscourse theory has always paid explicit attention to the material dimension of social reality, with, for instance, the dislocation concept attributing an active role to the material. Still, it lacks attention for the specificity of the material-as-material, and tends to attribute a privileged position to the discursive as provider of meaning to these materials. This article argues that there is a need for a critical dialogue between discourse theory and new materialism, leading to the development of non-hierarchical approaches towards the discursive and the material realms. One particular approach, a model that is labelled the discursive-material knot, is proposed and developed in this article. This model expands the discourse-theoretical vocabulary so as to include bridging concepts such as invitation, investment and entextualisation. Moreover, it also allows for the development of new discursive-material research agendas, one of which, in relation to the environment and human-animal relations, is discussed.

A One-Year, Multicenter, Retrospective Evaluation of Narrow and Low-Profile Abutments Used to Rehabilitate Complete Edentulous Lower Arches: The OT Bridge Concept

Purpose: To evaluate preliminary data on survival and success rates of immediately loaded, screw-retained, restorations delivered on lower arches using narrow and low-profile OT Equator abutments. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of patients rehabilitated with OT Bridge (fixed prosthetic system built on OT Equator) prosthetic concept from November 2017 to February 2019 in five different centers. Outcome measures were implant and prosthetic survival rates, biological and technical complications, marginal bone loss (MBL), oral health impact profile (OHIP), bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Results: A total of 60 implants were inserted in 12 patients. Patients were followed for a mean period of 15.8 months (range 12–24). All the patients received OT Equator as intermediate abutments. Four out of 60 implants were connected to the prosthetic framework using only the Seeger system, without a screw. One year after loading, three implants failed (implant survival rate of 95.0%) in two patients. No prosthesis failed and no major biological and technical complications were experienced. One year after initial loading, the marginal bone level was 0.32 ± 0.2 mm. The OHIP before treatment was 87.7 ± 6.0. One year after treatment, OHIP was 23.6 ± 1.2. The difference was statistically significant (64.1 ± 7.2; p = 0.0000). One year after loading, 8.9% of the examined implant sites present positive bleeding on probing, while 5.8% of the implant sites presented plaque. Conclusions: The OT Equator abutments showed successful results when used to support mandible fixed dental prosthesis delivered on 4–6 implants. Whole prosthetic survival and success rates, high patient satisfaction, and good biological parameters were experienced one year after function. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed and Refractory (r/r) Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL): Real-World Data of the German National Compassionate Use Program (CUP)

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed and Refractory (r/r) Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL): Real-World Data of the German National Compassionate Use Program (CUP)

From collaborative to institutional reflexivity: Calibrating responsibility in the funding process

AbstractScience–policy organisations are expected to be reflexive of their political influence on research and society. In this long-standing discourse on institutional reflexivity, formal organisations have largely been considered as a whole, and from a structural, or systemic perspective, whereas much less is known about everyday organisational practices; how individual organisational members reflect on and act upon their own as well as their organisation’s limits of knowledge and pre-commitments, if at all. We address this gap through an analysis of qualitative interviews with one national funding institution’s staff overseeing funding for research into information and communication technologies. We develop a bridging concept between individual and institutional reflexivity, which we call ‘collaborative reflexivity’. Through collaborative reflexive processes, individual employees contribute to the entire organisation’s institutional reflexivity. Our findings help to better understand ‘responsible’ behaviour in funding processes, as part of the growing international movement of Responsible Research and Innovation.

Research on New Flexible Bridge Pier Anti-collision Technology

With the increase of ship traffic flow, ship size and ship tonnage have increased significantly, while the original anti-collision design of many bridges built in early China has not met the protection requirements, resulting in the increase of the risk of bridge collision by ships. Ship collision with bridges can not only cause huge economic losses, but also result in fatal accidents, leaving a huge hidden danger to the safety of bridges. In this paper, the advanced safety protection concept of ship, bridge and device triple protection is introduced, and a new flexible pier anti-collision technology is used, the additional pile isolation type flexible anti-collision device is proposed.The LS-DYNA dynamic numerical simulation software is used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the ship collision avoidance device. The results show that the anti-collision device using flexible components can store large deformation energy in the process of ship collision. Compared with the theoretical calculation of ship impact force, the ship impact force is significantly reduced after the installation of the new flexible protective device. The flexible anti-collision device proposed in this paper can provide a reliable design for bridge anti-collision.