Bridge Construction Research Articles

Repurposing a Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blade for Bridge Construction: An Experimental Investigation

Repurposing a Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blade for Bridge Construction: An Experimental Investigation

The Tolerance Interval Optimization of Cable Forces During the Construction Phase of Cable-Stayed Bridges Based on Hybrid Intelligent Algorithms

To investigate the controllability of sensitive cable forces during the construction phase of cable-stayed bridges, a novel optimization method is proposed, based on BP neural networks, which combines Gaussian process prediction with a simulated annealing-optimized particle swarm algorithm to determine the tolerance intervals of construction cable forces. Based on the analysis results of multiple linear regression, the variables for optimization are identified, and a mapping relationship between the sensitive cable forces and displacement values is established using a BP neural network. Subsequently, a Gaussian process model is constructed to delineate the relationship between cable forces and reliability, with a focus on the reliability of displacements during the construction phase of the cross-section, specifically targeting sensitive cable forces. Finally, a combination of the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm algorithm is employed to optimize the tolerance intervals of the cable forces. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method, a case study is conducted on the tolerance interval optimization of cable forces using a three-tower steel box girder cable-stayed bridge. In this study, the construction cable forces are treated as optimization variables, while the reliability of displacements at both the main girder section and the tower’s top section serve as the optimization objectives and constraint conditions. Under the premise of ensuring structural reliability, the accurate tolerance range for the stay cable forces during the construction phase of the cable-stayed bridge is obtained. The results indicate that the traditional PSO algorithm stabilizes after 26 iterations, whereas the hybrid intelligent algorithm reaches stability after just 13 iterations. In addition, the hybrid algorithm shows a significant increase in the objective function value during early iterations, demonstrating stronger optimization capability. This indicates that the optimization method exhibits better convergence and superior global optimization capability. It effectively improves the compatibility and controllability of the cable-stayed bridge construction process while simplifying the computational process.

Longitudinal joint in decked bulb‐tee beams for accelerated bridge construction with ribbed GFRP bars: Ultimate load and fatigue evaluation

AbstractAccelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques have gained prominence due to their potential to minimize construction time and traffic disruptions while enhancing sustainability. This study investigates the use of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) and glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to address critical challenges in bridge durability and longevity. A novel UHPC‐filled precast deck joint was developed for a decked bulb‐tee (DBT) girder system, utilizing GFRP bars to eliminate corrosion‐related issues typical of steel reinforcement. Two actual‐size, GFRP‐reinforced, precast concrete deck slabs were erected to perform fatigue tests using the footprint of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) truck wheel loading to verify the design. Each slab had 200 mm thickness, 2500 mm width, and 3500 mm length in the direction of traffic and rest over braced twin steel girders. The closure strip between connected precast slabs has a width of 125 mm with a vertical shear key. GFRP bars in the precast slab projected into the closure strip with a headed end to provide a 100 mm embedment length. Two types of fatigue tests were performed (i) accelerated variable amplitude cyclic loading and (ii) constant amplitude cyclic loading, followed by loading the slab monotonically to failure. Results demonstrated the system's superior fatigue performance and high ultimate load capacity, making it a promising solution for durable, efficient bridge construction.

Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) on Workers In Cikeruh Majalengka Bridge Construction Project

The implementation of safety and health (OSH) systems in the work environment is a crucial component for the running of a business entity, because the consequences of accidents can have a detrimental impact on the workforce and the institution. This study was conducted to evaluate how OHS affects the level of worker productivity. A quantitative approach is the method used by collecting primary data through distributing questionnaires to 35 workers at the Cikeruh Majalengka Bridge Construction Project. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS 26.0 for Windows, by conducting an Instrument Test consisting of Validity Test and Reliability Test. The variables studied consisted of four independent variables: Planning (X1), Organization (X2), Actuating (X3), Controlling (X4) and one dependent variable, namely Worker Productivity (Y). The results showed that Planning has a positive effect on productivity with an average value of 1.98, Organization 2.0, Actuating 1.78, and Controlling 1.94. The four independent variables as a whole have an average value of 1.92 which indicates a positive influence on worker productivity on the project, because it is in the interval class 1.6 ≥ x ≤ 2.0. This proves that factors such as planning, organization, implementation, and supervision play a significant role in increasing worker productivity on the Majalengka Cikeruh Bridge Construction Project.

Review of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques for Timber Structures

The widespread adoption of wood in construction is driven by its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and esthetic appeal. The construction of wood buildings often requires minimal specialized equipment, contributing to affordability and higher demand for wood-frame structures. Wood is considered more sustainable than other building materials, such as steel or concrete, for several reasons, including its renewable nature, low embodied energy, carbon sequestration, energy efficiency, and biodegradability, among others. In the United States, wood is the most common material used in building construction. While many of the structures are single-family homes, wood framing is also prevalent in larger apartment complexes, as well as commercial and industrial buildings. Timber has also been traditionally used for bridge construction, and recently, it has been considered again for the construction of new bridges. Over time, wood-frame construction has developed from a basic method for primitive shelters into a sophisticated field of structural design. As an eco-friendly resource, wood is crucial for promoting sustainable building practices. However, ensuring the long-term performance and safety of timber structures is essential. Regular inspections and testing of wooden structures are important to identify signs of wear, damage, or decay. One type of testing which is gaining popularity is nondestructive testing (NDT). NDT techniques have become invaluable for assessing the condition of timber components because such techniques are non-invasive in nature and do not cause damage, ensuring that structures remain functional with minimal disruptions. These methods provide critical insights into the structural integrity and operational efficiency of wood under sustained loads and in inclement environments. This article examines various NDT techniques used to evaluate timber structures, highlighting their capabilities, as well as advantages and limitations. It also discusses the importance of wood in advancing sustainability within the construction industry and emphasizes the need for accurate and reliable assessment methods to enhance the use of timber as an environmentally friendly building material. By incorporating NDT practices into regular inspection and maintenance protocols for buildings, bridges, and other structures, various stakeholders can ensure the durability, longevity, and safety of timber structures, thereby contributing to the progress and advancement of sustainable construction practices worldwide.

A Parametric Study on the Behavior of Arch Composite Beams Prestressed with External Tendons

Arch beams are widely used in bridge construction due to their ability to withstand much greater loads than horizontal beams. The utilization of composite construction has also increased due to its tendency to optimize the utilization of construction materials, leading to significant savings in steel costs. In this research, a detailed experiment work on a simply supported arch composite beam under a positive moment was presented; then, a numerical model was created using ABAQUS to simulate its nonlinear behavior. The beams were formed from a concrete slab attached to steel beams by means of perfobond shear connectors (PSCs). A good agreement between the model and experiment was obtained. A parametric study was developed to identify the influence of the initial prestressing, rise to span ratio, and beam length on the behavior of the arch composite beam. It was found that the presence of tendons enhances the serviceability behavior, increases the ultimate load by 40% compared to the control beam, and equilibrates the horizontal thrust of the arch, even in the absence of initial prestressing. In addition, the beam exhibits a clear tied arch behavior due to the large eccentricity as the rise-to-depth ratio increases. Furthermore, the prestress force was found to be more effective in the longer span and the incremental stress in tendons more remarkable.

Development of Autocad 2D Learning Media with the ADDIE Model

This study aims to develop AutoCAD 2D-based learning media for the Road and Bridge Construction subject for class XI DPIB students. The study uses the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to draw and design bridges with learning media for SMK PPGRI 1 Gresik students. This research combines qualitative data analysis in the form of improvement suggestions and quantitative data obtained from questionnaires assessing the feasibility of the learning media by test subjects. After several validation and feasibility testing phases, the AutoCAD 2D learning media is deemed suitable for vocational school education. The developed learning media includes worksheets or jobsheets and a guide to using AutoCAD 2D software. Based on expert validation, the feasibility results show a 94.29% (very feasible) score for material validation. The design expert validation scored 90% (very feasible), the small group test resulted in 67% (feasible), and the significant group test achieved 96.8% (very feasible or excellent). Applying AutoCAD 2D in Road and Bridge Construction learning improves students' technical skills, making them more prepared for careers in design and construction. This innovation also ensures the learning's relevance to industry standards.

Identification of global main cable line shape parameters of suspension bridges based on local 3D point cloud

Main cable line shape measurement and parameter identification are a critical task in the construction monitoring and service maintenance of suspension bridges. 3D LiDAR scanning can simultaneously obtain the coordinates of multiple points on the target, offering high accuracy and efficiency. As a result, it is expected to be used in applications requiring rapid, large-scale measurements, such as main cable line shape measurement for suspension bridges. However, due to the large span and tall main towers of suspension bridges, the LiDAR field of view often encounters obstructions, making it difficult to obtain high-quality point clouds for the entire bridge. The collected point clouds are typically unevenly distributed and of poor quality. Therefore, LiDAR is used to monitor the local cable line shape. This paper proposes an innovative non-uniform sampling method that adjusts the sampling density based on the main cable’s rate of change. Additionally, the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, the ordinary least squares, and center-of-mass calibration are applied to identify and optimize the geometric parameters of the cross-section point cloud of the main cable. Given the strong design prior information available during suspension bridge construction, Bayesian theory is applied to predict and adjust the global line shape of the main cable. The study shows that using LiDAR for cable point cloud measurement enables rapid acquisition of high-precision point cloud data, significantly enhancing data collection efficiency. The method proposed in this paper offers advantages such as highly automated, low risk, low cost, and sustainability, making it suitable for green monitoring throughout the entire main cable construction process.

Technological Evolution of Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges in Peru: History, Challenges, and Opportunities

Technological Evolution of Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges in Peru: History, Challenges, and Opportunities

Investigating Stability and Structural Behavior of Steel Pipe Column-Berger Beam Systems

The steel pipe column-Berger beam support system is widely utilized in bridge construction due to its simple structure, convenient installation, high load-bearing capacity, and excellent stability. Stability research on this system is therefore essential. This study employs ANSYS finite element software to conduct a comprehensive analysis, including buckling behavior, node stiffness, and initial defects in the Berger beam support system. The research identifies the first four buckling modes, examines load-displacement curves corresponding to node stiffness values ranging from 0 to 400 kN·m/rad, and evaluates load-displacement curves under varying initial defect ratios. These findings contribute to improving the design and application of the support system. This study not only addresses gaps in current research but also serves as a valuable reference for scholars in related fields. Additionally, it provides practical guidance for engineers involved in bracket design, significantly enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness. In conclusion, the research presented in this paper holds considerable importance for both academic and practical advancements in the field.

Construction Control Technology and Monitoring Analysis of Walking Incremental Launching Construction of Small-Curvature Steel Box Girder Bridges Across Expressways

As urban areas keep growing, there are higher requirements for the carrying capacity of traffic operations, and there are more and more curve incremental launching projects with complex construction conditions. This paper builds upon the walking incremental launching project of a small-curvature steel box girder in Xuchang City and has developed a detailed construction method and monitoring technology. Due to the bridge’s longitudinal gradient being designed as a two-way slope and falling under the category of a small-radius steel box girder, the front end of the main beam exhibits significant lateral deviation, and linear control is difficult. It is necessary to carry out stress and displacement monitoring of the whole process of construction of the curved steel box girder and the guide girder to guide the construction process. The stress conditions of the incremental launching pier and the settlement of the concrete substructure are also studied, and we analyze the stress and displacement characteristics. Firstly, the finite element tool MIDAS Civil is adopted to build a model for the construction. The five most unfavorable working conditions are selected from the entire incremental launch process to analyze the internal force and displacement state of the steel box girder bridge, which is and then compared with the site monitoring value. It is demonstrated by the outcomes that the internal force and deflection of the steel box girder and the guide girder are within the safe construction range, which ensures the security of the incremental launching construction. In the maximum cantilever condition, the guide girder experiences significant stress, but the maximum value is not observed during the maximum cantilever condition of the guide girder. Therefore, whole-process monitoring should be carried during construction to maintain safety measures and quality management.

A Retrospective Study of Stabilizing Bridges in Patients With Stages III and IV Periodontitis: Up to 35 Years of Clinical Audit.

Studies on large cross-arch bridges in patients with severe periodontitis show that such bridges can stabilize the periodontal condition. However, it is not known if these bridges will reduce long-term tooth loss and what factors are important for their long-term survival. The aim of the study was to study all patients with Stages III/IV periodontitis who received cross-arch bridges for up 35 years in a private practice. All patients referred for periodontal treatment from 1986 who received cross-arch bridges with observation period of minimum 7 years were assessed. All dropouts were accounted for. Ninety-eight patients (1.7% of the patient population) with 111 bridges were observed (57 females and 37 males). Age at bridge construction was 55.4 years (SD = 7.1, range 39-79). Failure rate was 14.4% at 16.1 years (SD = 4.0 range 10-22). Reasons for failure were poor oral hygiene (p = 0.0093) and complications such as caries, endontics, porcelain fractures and gingival retractions during maintenance therapy (p = 0.0059). Fewer abutment teeth were lost from the bridges than teeth from the same and opposing arches (8.8% vs. 34.4% and 25.4%) (p < 0.0001). Cross-arch bridges constructed for patients with Stages III and IV periodontitis were successful in terms of longevity, low failure rates, tooth preservation and patient satisfaction.

Timber Bridges in Modern Japan

In Japan, timber has been used for not only traditional building but also bridge construction since olden times. At least until the 1950s, various types of bridge were in service, including trestle, truss, suspension, etc. for forest railways. However such timber bridges were replaced with concrete or steel bridges, which were thought to be, and were called, “permanent bridges” in those days. Government policy represented by the Five-Year Plan for Road Construction in 1954 facilitated the replacements, and a large percentage of timber bridges disappeared from Japan. Since the late 1980s, new types of timber bridge, so-called “modern timber bridges”, began to be constructed in Japan. The development of materials such as glulam (glue-laminated timber) with a large section, curved glulam, etc. treated with preservative made it possible to construct roadway bridges with several ten-metre spans. The longest span bridge in Japan is Karikobozu Bridge, which was completed in 2003 and has three king post truss spans (the longest span being 48 m). Construction of modern timber bridges reached its peak around 2000 and decreased significantly after that. As budget allocations for public works projects were decreasing, it became difficult to construct symbolic timber road bridges with higher costs. From the 2010s onwards, new approaches have been tried for timber bridges, utilizing the lightweight properties and easy workability of timber but avoiding high-specification road bridge requiring higher costs. Typical examples are illustrated and recent directions discussed.

Research and application of key technologies for intelligent control and detection in prestressed construction of railway bridge

Research and application of key technologies for intelligent control and detection in prestressed construction of railway bridge

LiDAR-RGB Data Fusion for Four-Dimensional UAV-Based Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Construction: Case Study of the Fern Hollow Bridge Reconstruction

LiDAR-RGB Data Fusion for Four-Dimensional UAV-Based Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Construction: Case Study of the Fern Hollow Bridge Reconstruction

Virtual geographical scene twin modeling: a combined data-driven and knowledge-driven method with bridge construction as a case study

ABSTRACT Virtual geographical scenes aim to naturally represent the real world and aid in comprehending geographic information. However, current virtual geographical scene modeling methods have problems detecting change information and low efficiency in dynamic modeling. Additionally, the modeling process lacks guidance from domain experts, resulting in poor modeling standardization. Therefore, this paper proposes a combined data-driven and knowledge-driven virtual geographical scene twin modeling method. We discuss the three-domain association geographical scene knowledge graph, change information detection network based on knowledge graph and deep learning, and knowledge-guided semantic modeling algorithms in detail. These methods enhance the ability of virtual geographical scenes to describe the changing real world. Furthermore, we select an urban bridge construction geographical scene with obvious change characteristics as a typical case, develop a prototype system, and conduct an experimental analysis. The results show that our method can fully and effectively utilize the geographical scene data and knowledge and improve the reusability of the knowledge. The average change detection accuracy in geographical scene information reaches 92.46%, and the dynamic modeling efficiency of virtual geographical twin scenes reaches 29.97 fps. Compared to other 3D modeling methods, the proposed method can represent the dynamic real world more timely, accurately, completely, and comprehensively.

Study on Performance of Cable Stayed Bridge with Different Geometric Conditions

The construction of cable-stayed bridges has been on the rise in recent years, driven by their aesthetic appeal and unique structural design. This research focuses on the analysis of cable-stayed bridges, The study employed the MIDAS CIVIL software to model and analyse the cable-stayed bridges of two types H-shape and A-D shape, with all the bridges having the same material and section properties. For the seismic analysis time-history analysis has been performed by utilizing data from the 1940 El Centro earthquake, allowing for the investigation of the dynamic behaviour of the bridges. The cable-stayed bridge design is characterized by the transmission of the deck's reaction forces to the pylons, which in turn transfer the load to the foundation. The study reviewed a range of evaluations, including axial forces, displacements, and bending moments, to understand the structural behaviour of the cable-stayed bridges. The results reveal that as the complexity of the cable-stayed bridge design rises, the structural behaviour becomes more complex. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the dynamic response of cable-stayed bridges, which is vital for their structural health monitoring and design optimization.

History of bridge architecture to the XVIIIth century

Abstract. Problem. Bridge construction and the warehouse history development of lighting architecture and living technology. The contribution to the material from this diet was based on the close interconnection of the design and the artistic appearance of the material. The history of the bridge development construction is laid out in the context of the foreign cultural and technical level of the analyzed era. Knowledge of the architectural design basics expands the professional and secluded look of future fachists, the creative taste of art, encourages developers to create constructively and artistically valuable disputes. The goal is to conduct further research and analysis of the development of the place and the development of culture from ancient Greece and classical structures of the post-beam type, simplifying the process of building arch crypts in Starodav the new Roman power, bridges between Central Europe and Asia. Behind the era of the Revival of Italy and the end of the 16th century. Priishov Baroque style. Its characteristic features were the use of dynamic compositions and rich architectural decor. Soon the baroque will emerge in France, but will not expand widely here. Beginning from the middle of the 17th century, classicism became a panicky style in France. before the tendency to create facade compositions that are not directly related to the constructive side of disputes in England. The analysis shows that bridge projects in the 18th century. consist of engineers who were either architects or practical bridge builders. Methodology. Simultaneously carrying out an analysis of the development of the theoretical field of engineering knowledge. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to reveal the sequence of road infrastructure, look at the materials in the geometric variety of sizes of stone materials, and identify their influences in the development of structural bridge systems. Results. Based on a comprehensive look at the bridges built before the 18th century, the main stages in the development of the place were revealed. Regardless of the actual costs of human and financial resources, it is possible to demonstrate the reliability of everyday structures and ensure the reliability of the designed architectural forms today. Originality. Before carrying out structural analysis, we follow the designs and methods of building places of architectural styles that developed significantly under the influx of changes in the aesthetic views of the era. Practical value. The unity of constructive and artistic solutions has been revealed. Conducting primer analysis of the main style-creating disputes (palaces, cathedrals, villas), their formal and expansive warehouse architecture, which develops independently, poses in connection with the development of the structure. The trends of park art, of which park architecture and bridges have become a special sphere, are looming for further development.

Modal analysis research for prevending bridge construction disasters

In this contribution, the author will attempt to demonstrate the potential applicability of frequency-domain estimators in the field of modal analysis. The basics of vibration and modal analysis will be briefly summarised. In modal analysis, it is important to identify a mechanical system with a few inputs and hundreds of outputs. This requires the adaptation of frequency-domain estimators designed to handle large amounts of data in a reasonable amount of time. A practical example will be shown of truss bridge element research.

Construction monitoring and control of cable-stayed bridges without backstays

The cable-stayed bridge without backstays is an important branch of the cable-stayed bridge family. It tilts the bridge tower to one side and removes the backstay, using its own weight to balance the cable tension. It has the characteristics of novel structure and beautiful appearance and is highly favoured in urban construction both at home and abroad. In this paper, based on the construction of the main bridge of Jinzhou Bridge, a spatial model was established using finite element analysis software to simulate and analyse the construction process, with a focus on researching the construction control. Jinzhou Bridge has a novel structure and complex technology. The inclination angle of the bridge tower is the largest among its counterparts, and the difficulty of construction control is relatively high. This paper uses the adaptive control theory to control the construction of the main bridge of Jinzhou Bridge. During the construction process and the bridge state, the structure of Jinzhou Bridge is subject to reasonable stress and the bridge body is safe and reliable. The line shape of the main beam is basically smooth, further demonstrating the correctness of the construction control theory data.